Deck 2: Seeing and Thinking Sociologically

Question 1

Which sociological perspective argues that society is a system whose parts work together to keep it running smoothly?

A)structural-functionalist
B)feminist
C)conflict
D)symbolic-interactionist

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which sociological perspective focuses on gender as the most important source of conflict and equality in social life?

A)structural-functionalist
B)feminist
C)conflict
D)symbolic-interactionist

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A(n)_____consists of people who interact regularly and have a sense of belonging.

A)group
B)organization
C)institution
D)society

Answer 3

A

Question 4

An increasing sensitivity to past persecution of American Indians and Native Americans has caused many people to reconsider the meaning of Christopher Columbus's voyage and the celebration of Columbus Day.This is an example of

A)global cultural sensitivity.
B)history as a work in progress.
C)changing historical facts.
D)peace-keeping reconsidered.

Question 5

According to the author,the way we respond to our social world is largely determined by

A)our interpretation of our environment.
B)our genetic make-up at birth.
C)the parenting we received as a child.
D)the shapes of our bodies at birth.

Question 6

Family,politics,religion,and health care are all examples of_____ in the United States.

A)groups
B)organizations
C)institutions
D)societies

Question 7

The Sociology Students Association (SSA)meets in the library on the first Wednesday of every month.During meetings,the SSA plans community service projects and social activities,such as movie nights.The SSA would be considered a

A)society.
B)counterculture.
C)primary group.
D)secondary group.

Question 8

The sociologist who first made distinctions between manifest and latent functions of structures is

A)Karl Marx.
B)Talcott Parsons.
C)Neil Smelser.
D)Robert Merton.

Question 9

According to Auguste Comte,all societies contain social _____ and social _____.

A)statics;dynamics
B)industries;institutions
C)politics;religions
D)powers;services

Question 10

The phrase "people tend to like what other people like" summarizes the concept of

A)social influence.
B)social control.
C)justified status.
D)achieved status.

Question 11

The American Medical Association,General Motors,and the U.S.Department of Agriculture are examples of

A)groups.
B)organizations.
C)institutions.
D)societies.

Question 12

Why has the National Football League been slow to heed medical research regarding the dangers of head injuries?

A)The organization doesn't recognize the research findings.
B)Much of the research was funded by its rival,the U.S.Youth National Soccer League.
C)Changing the rules of the game would have a negative financial impact on the industry.
D)Research shows that most players sustain injuries before entering the NFL.

Question 13

According to the text,which individual did NOT commit heinous acts during the Rwandan genocide?

A)a physics professor
B)a hotel manager
C)a Catholic priest
D)a medical doctor

Question 14

The rights,privileges,and obligations associated with relationships between particular positions are called

A)roles.
B)statuses.
C)ascribed statuses.
D)achieved statuses.

Question 15

Which sociological perspective views society in terms of competition and struggle between groups?

A)structural-functionalist
B)sydicalism
C)conflict
D)symbolic-interactionist

Question 16

The set of behavioral expectations associated with a particular position is referred to as

A)roles.
B)statuses.
C)ascribed status.
D)achieved roles.

Question 17

The various positions that people can occupy in social groups are called

A)roles.
B)statuses.
C)ascribed statuses.
D)achieved roles.

Question 18

A social position taken on voluntarily or acquired through effort is called a(n)

A)role.
B)status.
C)ascribed status.
D)achieved status.

Question 19

Which of the following groups would be considered a dyad?

A)a married couple
B)a mother and her three children
C)A soccer team
D)a first-grade music class

Question 20

Which sociological perspective focuses on forms of communication between individuals,such as language,gesture,and posture?

A)structural-functionalist
B)feminist
C)conflict
D)symbolic-interactionist

Question 21

Leonard,a father of two small children,has been unemployed for several months.He is having great difficulty paying his bills and last month was unable to buy his youngest son a birthday present.Sociologists would say that Leonard is experiencing role

A)overload.
B)strain.
C)function.
D)conflict.

Question 22

Concern with parents' privacy rights is often framed as a(n)_____ issue.

A)freedom of religion
B)right to speech
C)social justice
D)health care

Question 23

An unintended,unrecognized consequence of an activity that helps some part of the social system is a called a _____ function.

A)macro
B)manifest
C)micro
D)latent

Question 24

Simon and Felicia enjoy ganging up on their younger sister by playing practical jokes and teasing her.Simon and Felicia have formed a(n)

A)secondary group.
B)coalition.
C)organization.
C)primary group.

Question 25

What is meant by the term pouring rights?

A)Soft drink companies pay schools to sell their products to students.
B)Waste management companies pay local townships to dump chemicals into sewer systems.
C)Bottled water companies are mandated to list all ingredients on labels.
D)Beer companies are allowed to dispense product samples at sporting events.

Question 26

Reducing crime rates is a (n)________ function of longer mandatory prison sentences.Creating more jobs for prison guards is a(n)________ function.

A)achieved;ascribed
B)ascribed;achieved
C)manifest;latent
D)latent;manifest

Question 27

The increasing interconnection among the peoples of the world-economically,politically,environmentally,and culturally-is a process referred to as

A)networking.
B)social connection.
C)globalization.
D)internationalization.

Question 28

U.S.society is built on the assumption that family life should be regulated by

A)criminal courts.
B)concerned neighbors.
C)family members.
D)government agencies.

Question 29

In 2012,an independent commission in Japan concluded that the cause of the nuclear disaster at Fukushima was partly a result of

A)Japanese culture.
B)financial globalization.
C)corporate greed.
D)widespread immorality.

Question 30

According to the structural-functionalist perspective,prostitution has existed for centuries because it

A)promotes inequality among social groups.
B)contributes to the survival of society.
C)symbolizes sexual freedom.
D)empowers women to become financially independent.

Question 31

Which traditional American value is challenged when the government becomes involved in ensuring the welfare of its children?

A)privacy
B)patriotism
C)materialism
D)progress

Question 32

The intended,obvious consequence of an activity that is designed to help some part of the social system is a

A)macro function.
B)manifest function.
C)micro function.
D)latent function.

Question 33

Which of the following is the best example of a secondary group?

A)the Cortez family
B)the faculty at Garfield High
C)a group of very close friends who have known one another since childhood
D)a married couple

Question 34

What factor defines the relationships among group members?

A)the reasons individual members chose to become part of the group
B)the ways individual members feel about one another
C)the structure of the group
D)the group's bylaws

Question 35

Which social institution meets the societal need to regulate sexual behavior and produce new members of society?

A)family
B)economy
C)religion
D)education

Question 36

Which social institution meets the societal need for providing members with a sense of meaning and purpose?

A)economy
B)family
C)religion
D)education

Question 37

In his classic study involving obedience to authority,Stanley Milgram found that

A)very few subjects were willing to obey instructions to severely shock learners.
B)less than half of subjects were willing to obey instructions to severely shock learners.
C)the majority of subjects were willing to obey instructions to severely shock learners.
D)only maladjusted subjects were willing to severely shock learners.

Question 38

Which of the following is the best example of a primary group?

A)the Williams family
B)the staff of an accounting department
C)the American Sociological Association
D)a football team

Question 39

Several neighbors meet every Tuesday to discuss problems facing their community,such as trash and abandoned buildings.Eventually they recruit new members,elect officers,and establish committees to address specific problems.This neighborhood group has become a(n)

A)institution.
B)coalition.
C)role.
D)organization.

Question 40

When you enter a fast food restaurant,you are expected to stand in line and wait your turn to order.This is an example of a

A)norm.
B)value.
C)role.
D)dyad.

Question 41

Stanley Milgram's experiment on obedience to authority supported the commonly held belief that most individuals who commit cruel acts are inherently flawed.

Question 42

Which of the following meets the sociological definition of a society?

A)mixed martial artists
B)the Dallas Cowboys football team
C)France
D)Alpha Kappa Delta (The sociology honors society)

Question 43

Which of the following may change over time?

A)culture
B)norms
C)social institutions
D)All of the above

Question 44

Describe "pouring rights" contracts.Discuss the effects of these contracts on long-term and short-term school funding.What do these types of contracts teach students?

Question 45

The distinction between an ascribed status and an achieved status is always clear.

Question 46

According to the structural-functionalist perspective,dysfunctional aspects of social life will eventually disappear.

Question 47

Go to class,do the assigned readings,turn in papers when they're due,and take notes during lectures are statuses associated with the role of college student.

Question 48

In the United States,individual academic achievement is valued.

Question 49

"Uncle" is an example of an ascribed status.

Question 50

Pooja is a senior in college with plans for attending medical school.To keep up her grades,she spends most nights and weekends studying and completing assignments.Brizy,Pooja's best friend and roommate,recently complained to Pooja: "You don't have time to hang out.It's been months since we've watched a movie together.We don't talk like we used to." Pooja wants to be a good student but that's keeping her from also being a good friend.She's frustrated by the fact that the demands of her roles as a student are,at least for now,incompatible with the roles of best friend.Pooja is experiencing

A)role coalition.
B)role conflict.
C)role strain.
D)role reversal.

Question 51

Which term refers to the language,values,ideas,beliefs,norms,and physical objects that give a society its unique character?

A)symbiosis
B)culture
C)populism
D)structural-functionalism

Question 52

Which social institution is responsible for disseminating news and information quickly in complex,modern societies?

A)family
B)religion
C)mass media
D)judicial

Question 53

Which perspective stresses the importance of social institutions for maintaining social stability?

A)structural-functionalist
B)sydicalism
C)conflict
D)symbolic-interactionist

Question 54

Much of our identity comes from our contact with others.

Question 55

The standards by which people decide on desirable goals and outcomes are called triangulation.

Question 56

The relationship between an individual and society is reciprocal.

Question 57

"College graduate" is an example of an ascribed status.

Question 58

Karl Marx is associated with the conflict perspective.

Question 59

Spectators watching two baseball teams compete in the World Series would be considered an example of a secondary group.

Question 60

Most sociologists contend that the meaning and relevance of historical events remains constant over time.

Question 61

What are the roles usually associated with the status of "college student" in the United States? Take a moment to consider your performance of "college student." In what ways do you conform to or deviate from these expectations?

Question 62

Discuss and provide examples of how interaction with others exerts social influence over our thoughts,perceptions,and actions.

Question 63

Explain why day-to-day communication is so central to the creation and maintenance of society.

Question 64

Explain the author's statement,"All of us are simultaneously members of our own society and citizens of a world community." People have been moving from place to place throughout human history.What is different about today's globalization?

Question 65

Define the term social institution.Choose two social institutions and explain how these institutions are affected by the increase of women in the workforce.

Question 66

Describe Stanley Milgram's experiment involving obedience to authority.What significant conclusions about social influence does his research illustrate?

Question 67

Compare and contrast structural functionalism,symbolic interactionism,and conflict theory in terms of the connections between social structures and social order.Which do you think best explains society and why? Use sociological concepts and examples from your readings to support your argument.

Question 68

Describe how privacy in families varies across time and social class.Identify two examples that illustrate how the concern over parental privacy rights can be framed as a freedom of religion issue.

Question 69

Use the three major sociological perspectives-structural functionalism,symbolic interactionism,and conflict theory-to analyze the playing of your favorite team sport.Indicate which you find most useful for understanding your chosen sport and why.