Deck 9: Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

Cultural guidelines that can regulate expression of emotion are called

A)covert observation.
B)polygraphs.
C)display rules.
D)emotional cues.

Answer 1

display rules.

Question 2

Which statement exemplifies the discrete emotions theory?

A)Mustangs,Explorers,and Probes are distinct types of Ford automobiles.
B)Roses,tulips,and daisies are all just flowers.
C)Spokes,chains,and wheels are parts of a bicycle.
D)You cannot fly a plane without the wings.

Answer 2

Roses,tulips,and daisies are all just flowers.

Question 3

Most research indicates that all of the following emotions have considerable cross-cultural agreement EXCEPT

A)fear.
B)sadness.
C)happiness.
D)suspicion.

Answer 3

suspicion.

Question 4

Supposedly,the Inuits have nearly a thousand words for snow.Although the number may be exaggerated,all the words describe variations of the basic concept of snow.Which theory of emotions does this observation parallel?

A)Discrete emotions
B)Unique emotions
C)Specific emotions
D)Individual emotions

Question 5

Which of the following emotions would be most difficult to read from facial expression alone?

A)Envy
B)Anger
C)Fear
D)Surprise

Question 6

Although there appears to be some underlying biological component to PMS,most Eastern women do not report much in the way of discomfort or disruption to their normal routines,whereas many women from Western cultures report significant changes during their menstrual cycle.What might explain this discrepancy?

A)Media influence
B)Genetic differences
C)Societal values
D)Display rules

Question 7

Evidence regarding facial expression in different cultures suggests that

A)facial expressions are to some extent innate.
B)emotions are based on facial expressions.
C)emotions originate in the cortex.
D)most emotions are cross-cultural.

Question 8

Ekman's research proposed that there are __________ distinct emotions across cultures.

A)three
B)four
C)seven
D)nine

Question 9

Which of the following theories states that emotions are from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli?

A)James-Lange theory of emotion
B)Somatic marker theory
C)Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
D)Two-factor theory of emotion

Question 10

Larry comes home to find his house on fire.Which of the following statements best represents the James-Lange theory?

A)"I am shaking because I am afraid."
B)"My shaking must be due to fear because my house is on fire."
C)"I am afraid because I am shaking."
D)"My fear is an automatic reaction to a dangerous situation."

Question 11

The James-Lange theory of emotions focuses on the __________ determinants of emotions.

A)psychological
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)physiological

Question 12

"Look,Mom,she is not really happy; you can see it in her eyes!" cries Amelia's little sister.What might this sharp little 4-year-old have spotted?

A)A masked reaction
B)A Duchenne smile
C)A Pan Am smile
D)A forced smile

Question 13

Ekman conducted a number of studies of facial expressions and found that

A)expression varies from culture to culture.
B)there are too many emotions to classify.
C)seven primary emotions are almost universal.
D)common expressions exist only for happiness.

Question 14

A 3-month old baby named Bryan smiles even when he is alone.Scientific research has suggested that his smile should be attributed to

A)effective training by his mom.
B)his motivation to learn something new.
C)the reinforcements from his immediate surroundings.
D)his innate motor programs from birth.

Question 15

The emotion alarm,a mixture of fear and surprise,is one example of a

A)primary emotion.
B)secondary emotion.
C)real emotion.
D)fake emotion.

Question 16

Which facial expression would you be surprised to see your newborn baby exhibit?

A)smile
B)frown
C)smirk
D)disgust

Question 17

When Rose arrived,she was smiling but with no drooping of eyelids or crinkling in the corners of her eyes.She is probably showing

A)an emotional expression.
B)a fake emotion.
C)a display rule.
D)none of the above.

Question 18

Which of the following emotions might Sven,an exchange student from Europe,have the most difficulty recognizing?

A)Contempt
B)Happiness
C)Anger
D)Jealousy

Question 19

As you walk into your dorm room,you notice that your roommate is crying.Why is it difficult to know if she is happy or sad?

A)Her facial expressions are likely to be similar.
B)Her physiological reactions are likely to be similar.
C)Her nonverbal cues are likely to be similar.
D)None of the above; it should be easy to differentiate between happiness and sadness.

Question 20

According to the discrete emotions theory,emotions

A)are significantly different across cultures.
B)are independent of physiological responses.
C)serve evolutionary functions.
D)represent shared experience across civilized cultures only.

Question 21

According to the __________,seeing a crocodile in the swamp would lead simultaneously to both the emotion fear and running away.However,the __________ would suggest that people are afraid because they run away.

A)Cannon-Bard theory of emotion; mere exposure effect
B)two-factor theory of emotion; Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
C)Cannon-Bard theory of emotion; James-Lange theory of emotion
D)two-factor theory of emotion; James-Lange theory of emotion

Question 22

Val has a crush on Ilene.What is one thing he might do to make himself more desirable?

A)Bring her flowers.
B)Stop by every day to say hello.
C)Compliment her on her hair.
D)Tell her she has nice shoes.

Question 23

"That race was too close to call!," cried the announcer."It looked like the horses crossed the finish line at the exact same time." What theory of emotions is being depicted?

A)James-Lang
B)Two-factor
C)Facial feedback hypothesis
D)Cannon-Bard

Question 24

According to the two-factor theory of emotion,

A)the emotional experience depends on autonomic arousal and the cognitive interpretation of that arousal.
B)different patterns of autonomic activation lead to the experience of different emotions.
C)emotions develop because of their adaptive value.
D)emotion occurs when the thalamus sends signals simultaneously to the cortex and the autonomic nervous system.

Question 25

Who is probably feeling the happiest?

A)Sonja,who is participating in a beauty contest
B)Abe,who is playing football
C)Lionel,who drives an eighteen wheeler
D)Patty,who is a flight attendant

Question 26

According to the __________,repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to increased liking of the stimulus.

A)facial feedback hypothesis
B)mere exposure effect
C)James-Lange theory
D)Cannon-Bard theory

Question 27

Which of the following best illustrates the two-factory theory of emotions?

A)Ulric's heart is pounding before his speech in world history,so he decides that he is nervous.
B)After several fast dances,Mario decides his date looks really good tonight.
C)Norton sees Millie and his heart begins to race at the same time he feels excited.
D)Benny notices that his heart races whenever Gloria is around and decides he is in love.

Question 28

The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that

A)emotions are produced by both autonomic arousal and cognition.
B)emotions are from our interpretations of bodily reactions to stimuli.
C)emotions are based upon our gut feelings.
D)emotions and bodily reactions are simultaneously produced by stimuli.

Question 29

Which theory of emotions best explains why the girl Ben saw on his way into the gym seemed more attractive to him as he was leaving the gym?

A)Two-factor
B)Cannon-Bard
C)James-Lang
D)Somatic marker

Question 30

Emotions are subject to __________ influences as well as direct stimuli.

A)negative
B)positive
C)unconscious
D)conscious

Question 31

According to the James-Lange theory,people use __________ cues to differentiate and label their emotions; according to the two-factor theory,people look to __________ cues to differentiate and label their emotions.

A)physiological; situational
B)situational; physiological
C)situational; situational
D)physiological; physiological

Question 32

As Stella watched the TV lotto drawing,she realized she had the winning combination.If her heart starts to race at the same instant that she feels euphoria over winning,her response pattern would tend to support

A)the Cannon-Bard theory.
B)Izard's evolutionary theory.
C)the James-Lange theory.
D)Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory.

Question 33

You are sitting in the living room of your girlfriend's house when you notice that your hands are perspiring.What theory of emotions suggests that you will now decide that you are nervous about meeting her parents?

A)James-Lang
B)Cannon-Bard
C)Two-factor
D)Discrete emotions

Question 34

Studies on the mere exposure effect demonstrate that the more often we see something,the __________ likely we will like it.

A)more
B)less
C)same
D)least

Question 35

The idea that muscles in the face send information to the brain,affecting the emotion we feel is known as the

A)James-Lange theory.
B)Cannon-Bard theory.
C)facial feedback hypothesis.
D)two-factor theory.

Question 36

According to the James-Lange theory,the conscious experience of emotion __________ physiological arousal.

A)follows
B)precedes
C)coincides with
D)causes

Question 37

The phenomenon that Imani prefers her look in the mirror to her image in a photograph can best be explained by

A)the facial feedback hypothesis.
B)the mere exposure effect.
C)the automatic generation of emotion.
D)display rules.

Question 38

Jon is sitting in his psychology class across from Della when he realizes that he his been smiling.What theory of emotion suggests that Jon will now decide that he has a crush on Della?

A)Cannon-Bard
B)James-Lang
C)Two-factor
D)Discrete emotions

Question 39

Schachter and Singer's two-factor theory of emotion suggests that we distinguish between the experience of different emotions based on

A)the type of behavior involved.
B)the type of bodily reaction.
C)our interpretation of the situation.
D)the emotional expression of others.

Question 40

Mrs.Woodham wants her students to embrace the book The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein.She believes the message is a powerful one.What might you encourage her to do?

A)Have each student read the book and write a response.
B)Get the book on CD and play it for her students.
C)Read the book to the students every day.
D)Read the book to the students and then have them read it themselves.

Question 41

Who are you more likely to vote for?

A)Ronald,who says he can restore the health care system
B)Eddie,who says the next couple of years are going to be tough,but we can do it
C)Laura,who says that cutting spending is the only way to restore the economy
D)Denise,who promises to only raise taxes by a small percentage to fund education

Question 42

The cognitive strengths identified by positive psychology include all EXCEPT

A)open-mindedness.
B)creativity.
C)curiosity.
D)social intelligence.

Question 43

The interpersonal strengths identified by positive psychology that involve tending and befriending others is identified as

A)courage.
B)humanity.
C)temperance.
D)transcendence.

Question 44

Types of gestures and movements that we show can display our emotions through

A)facial feedback.
B)nonverbal leakage.
C)mere exposure.
D)primary emotions.

Question 45

Which of the following has the LEAST relationship with happiness?

A)Genetic heritability
B)Everyday life events
C)Socioeconomic status
D)Level of education

Question 46

Our unconscious spillover of emotions into nonverbal behavior is called

A)nonverbal communication.
B)a manipulator.
C)an illustrator.
D)nonverbal leakage.

Question 47

Susan is interviewing for a job.Although she is smiling and making good eye contact with her interviewer,he notices that she is also tapping her foot rapidly on the floor.Despite her best intentions,what is Susan exhibiting?

A)Nonverbal leakage
B)Illustrators
C)Emblems
D)Miscommunication

Question 48

Which of the following is true about positive psychology?

A)It enhances people's full emotional potential.
B)It emphasizes coping,love,and happiness.
C)It is associated with people's long-term life satisfaction.
D)All of the above are true.

Question 49

Which of the following is the assumption that the polygraph test is based upon?

A)Physiological response
B)Habitual response
C)Shifty eyes
D)Dishonest rules

Question 50

Which of the following statements is NOT true about happiness?

A)Happiness may make people live longer.
B)Happiness may help people look at the "big picture."
C)Happiness may let people think more openly.
D)Happiness may make people focus on details.

Question 51

The broaden and build theory suggests that happier people tend to

A)be more successful.
B)think more globally.
C)be more generous.
D)be more sociable.

Question 52

Professor Wilheim is trying to get his students to broaden their perspective.What might you suggest he do?

A)Discuss multicultural ideas.
B)Tell them to try to put themselves in his shoes.
C)Encourage them to be more open-minded.
D)Show them cartoons before his lecture.

Question 53

Which of the following belong(s)to the nonverbal expression of emotion?

A)Facial expression
B)Gesture
C)Emotion
D)All of the above

Question 54

Dr.Golder is studying the leadership qualities of a group of students from the student government association.What field of psychology is his specialty?

A)Social
B)Cognitive
C)Positive
D)Experimental

Question 55

Research has shown that which of the following is NOT very important in determining one's happiness?

A)Work
B)Money
C)Personality
D)Marriage

Question 56

__________ percent of people believe that "shifty eyes" indicate lying.

A)Ten
B)Thirty-five
C)Fifty-five
D)Seventy

Question 57

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the polygraph test?

A)Confidence may help people beat it.
B)Experience may help people beat it.
C)Interpersonal perceptiveness may help people beat it.
D)Federal officers,sheriffs,and deception-interested clinical psychologists are less likely to be caught by it.

Question 58

Which of the following CANNOT be used to detect lies?

A)The polygraph test
B)The controlled question test
C)The guilty knowledge test
D)Shifty eyes

Question 59

If our behaviors and physiological reactions can give rise to our changes in emotion,holding a pen with our teeth would most likely make us feel

A)happier.
B)sadder.
C)more scared.
D)more surprised.

Question 60

As suggested by the facial feedback hypothesis,our emotions are most likely to be affected by

A)the external stimuli.
B)the facial blood vessels.
C)our bodily movement.
D)the face shape.

Question 61

The strategy of anticipating failure and then compensating for this expectation by mentally overpreparing for negative outcomes is known as

A)positive psychology.
B)negative adaptation.
C)defensive pessimism.
D)pessimistic psychology.

Question 62

Ginny has high self-esteem.What can we predict about her behavior?

A)She is probably at the top of her class academically.
B)She probably has a large circle of friends.
C)She may start drinking when she gets to college.
D)All of the above.

Question 63

Based on the realities of happiness,during which holiday should we be the happiest?

A)Easter
B)Valentine's day
C)Halloween
D)Thanksgiving

Question 64

Studies on the durability bias suggest that people tend to __________ the long-term impacts of events on our happiness and unhappiness.

A)underestimate
B)overestimate
C)estimate accurately
D)estimate at random

Question 65

The belief that your current mood will last longer than it actually does is known as

A)defensive pessimism.
B)durability bias.
C)affective forecasting.
D)flow.

Question 66

"I was great!" says Little Ricky as he runs off the field."I was the best one on the team!" What might Ricky be exhibiting?

A)Exaggerated self-esteem
B)Illusory correlation
C)Misperception
D)Favorable expectations

Question 67

People who are more likely to attempt and stick with new challenges usually have ________ self-esteem

A)high
B)low
C)moderate
D)no

Question 68

Which of the following statements is FALSE about self-esteem?

A)People with high self-esteem tend to challenge themselves with difficult tasks.
B)People with low self-esteem tend to be less happy.
C)People with high self-esteem tend to have positive perceptions about themselves.
D)People with low self-esteem tend to be more aggressive.

Question 69

The highest levels of happiness seem to be in

A)the United States.
B)Switzerland.
C)Denmark.
D)Japan.

Question 70

Little Denny is listening to Grandpa Joe talk about the "Good old days." How is Grandpa Joe likely to be feeling?

A)Tired
B)Sad
C)Happy
D)Nostalgic

Question 71

I feel happy when playing football with my friends because

A)I enjoy doing something I love.
B)Exercising helps me reduce stress.
C)I feel so blessed when staying with my friends.
D)All of the above

Question 72

Which best characterizes the correlation between income and subjective feelings of happiness?

A)Negative,but weak
B)Positive,and strong
C)Negligible
D)Positive,but modest

Question 73

Hao and Chang are totally immersed in their video game.Their mom has been calling them to dinner for 5 minutes,but they have not responded.How would you describe their mental state?

A)Immersed in flow
B)Distracted
C)Intense
D)Disrespectful

Question 74

According to scientific research,which of the follow statements is true?

A)The reason why James is happy all the time is that he is still young.
B)If you are not happy,you must be worried about something.
C)If you live in a place with sunshine all year long,you'll be happier.
D)Not having to worry about paying the rent every month will make me a little happier.

Question 75

Who is likely to be the happiest?

A)Scout,who makes $100,000 a year and lives alone
B)Doreen,who is 23 years old and in the prime of her life
C)Matty,who is 63 and a grandmother
D)Henry,who just won the lottery

Question 76

Being a single mom,Marissa has to work two part-time jobs to pay the rent and buy the diapers.According to the research on happiness,which of the following ideas could most likely benefit her?

A)As long as she can make more money,she will be happy.
B)As long as she makes more friends,she will be happy.
C)As long as she can keep the two jobs,she will be happy.
D)As long as she believes in the future,she will be happy.

Question 77

Which of the following is an example of defensive pessimism?

A)Bud thinks he might have failed his psychology test,but doesn't really care.
B)Katherine thinks her boyfriend is going to break up with her,so she has already taken down all his pictures.
C)Michele doesn't think she is going to win the lottery this week.
D)Nolin can't figure out how to replace a switch in his car,so he just gives up.

Question 78

In general,which of the following is the LEAST related with happiness?

A)Marriage
B)Money
C)Flow
D)Political affiliation

Question 79

Which of the following is LEAST accurate?

A)When it comes to happiness,everything is relative.
B)The quest for happiness is never hopeless.
C)Objective realities are not as important as subjective feelings.
D)Increases in income usually bring increases in happiness.

Question 80

Annalisa just broke up with her boyfriend of over a year.She is positive that she will be miserable forever.What bias has Annalisa fallen victim to?

A)Expectancy
B)Confirmation
C)Longevitiy
D)Durability