Deck 18: Nutrition During the Adult Years

Question 1

Age-related degenerative changes can be minimized,prevented,or reversed by ________.

A)exercising regularly
B)getting enough sleep
C)avoiding excessive exposure to sunlight
D)eating nutritiously
E)All of these responses are correct.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which aspect(s)of the environment influence(s)the rate of aging?

A)Income and education
B)Quality of housing and autonomy
C)Access to health care and nutritious food
D)Psychosocial support and protection from climactic extremes
E)All of these responses are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which determines the rate of aging?

A)Genetics
B)Lifestyle
C)Environment
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In adulthood,a nutritious diet can help to ________.

A)delay onset of disease
B)recover more quickly from disease
C)increase mental,physical,and social well-being
D)A nutritious diet can do all of these things.

Question 5

Why is vitamin D a nutrient of particular concern in older adults?

A)Permeability of the intestine to dietary vitamin D increases as the intestine ages,which increases risk for toxicity.
B)Vitamin D synthesis in the skin slows.
C)The kidneys accelerate the conversion of vitamin D to its active form,which increases the risk for toxicity.
D)None of these responses are accurate.

Question 6

During adulthood,nutrients are used primarily ________.

A)to maintain the body
B)to support physical growth
C)to maintain the body and support physical growth

Question 7

The diets of adults tend to be high in ________.

A)vitamin D
B)calcium
C)fat
D)zinc
E)fiber

Question 8

Who may not receive sufficient protein?

A)Adults with limited budgets
B)Adults with chewing problems
C)Adults who are lactose intolerant
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 9

Which is NOT a current hypothesis about the cause of aging?

A)Blood concentrations of hormones change.
B)Cells can divide about 50 times,and then they die.
C)The immune system becomes less able to recognize and destroy foreign substances.
D)Connective tissue stiffens and reduces flexibility.
E)All of these are current hypotheses about the cause of aging.

Question 10

The diets of adults tend to be low in ________.

A)vitamin D
B)zinc
C)magnesium
D)folate
E)All of these responses are correct.

Question 11

A diet rich in fiber helps adults to ________.

A)reduce risk of osteoporosis
B)reduce risk of heart disease
C)raise blood cholesterol levels
D)avoid diarrhea

Question 12

The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)for adults do not take into consideration aging-related changes in ________.

A)body composition
B)metabolism
C)organ function
D)DRIs take into account all of these things.

Question 13

The largest group of adults at risk for nutrient deficiencies is ________.

A)women
B)pregnant women
C)low-income people
D)older adults living in long-term care facilities

Question 14

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans,a goal for adults is to ________.

A)limit intake of added sugars and emphasize vegetables in the diet
B)keep body weight in a healthy range
C)follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 15

Which is an example of usual aging?

A)Increasing body fatness
B)Maintenance of lean body mass
C)Maintenance of bone mass
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 16

Compression of morbidity can be defined as ________.

A)having the greatest number of healthy years and the fewest number of years with illness
B)representing a low death rate from chronic diseases
C)having a longer life
D)postponing illness until such time as there is an adequate treatment or cure

Question 17

Low fluid intake in older adults may be caused by ________.

A)less intense feelings of thirst
B)chronic disease
C)certain medications
D)reduced ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine
E)All of these responses are correct.

Question 18

After age ____ or so,the rate of cell breakdown begins to exceed the rate of cell renewal.

A)25
B)30
C)35
D)55

Question 19

Starting around age ___,organ size and efficiency begin to decrease.

A)30
B)40
C)50
D)70

Question 20

Calorie needs decline after age 30 years or so because ________.

A)basal metabolism declines
B)the body becomes more efficient in using energy
C)thrifty metabolism begins
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 21

Long-term use of aspirin or aspirin-like medications can deplete _________ reserves.

A)iron
B)calcium
C)vitamin K
D)thiamin

Question 22

To preserve bone mass,adults should ________.

A)not smoke
B)consume adequate vitamin D
C)consume adequate calcium
D)All of these recommendations are correct.

Question 23

Which U.S.government program distributes surplus agricultural products?

A)Commodity Supplemental Food Program
B)Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
C)Child and Adult Care Food Program
D)Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program

Question 24

A common cause of iron deficiency anemia in adulthood is ________.

A)bleeding ulcers
B)use of aspirin
C)bleeding hemorrhoids
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 25

An age-related change in the nervous system that can adversely affect nutritional status is ________.

A)decreased taste perception
B)hearing loss
C)vision loss
D)All of these changes can impact nutritional status.

Question 26

Physical activity is associated with ________.

A)improved sleep
B)reduced risk for falling
C)positive mental outlook
D)better mobility
E)All of these responses are correct.

Question 27

A major problem afflicting the elderly gastrointestinal tract is ________.

A)increased lactase synthesis
B)constipation
C)increased HCl production
D)increased synthesis of intrinsic factor

Question 28

Insufficient intakes of ___ by adults may contribute to loss of taste sensations and delayed wound healing.

A)magnesium
B)zinc
C)folate
D)vitamin B-12

Question 29

Elevated blood concentrations of ____ are associated with increased risk for stroke and neurological decline in some elderly adults.

A)zinc
B)homocysteine
C)vitamin E
D)vitamin D

Question 30

Many elderly people avoid social contact because they ________.

A)are experiencing hearing loss
B)have trouble seeing,so they avoid going out
C)have problems with urinary incontinence
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 31

Intakes of ______ have been associated with reduced risk for age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.

A)vitamin E
B)folate
C)lutein
D)zeaxanthin
E)both lutein and zeaxanthin

Question 32

To prevent constipation,older adults should ________.

A)limit highly sweetened foods
B)increase dietary fiber
C)take laxatives
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 33

A change in muscle that occurs in adulthood is ________.

A)increased elasticity
B)bloating of muscle cells
C)loss of muscle strength
D)hypertrophy of muscle cells

Question 34

Which is true about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?

A)It provides nutrition education.
B)It provides a means to purchase food-producing plants.
C)It provides a means to buy hot meals in group homes.
D)It supplements food budgets of low-income households.
E)All of these responses are correct.

Question 35

Which is true of the Congregate Meal program?

A)It is administered by the USDA.
B)It is part of the Older Americans Act.
C)Anyone age 52 or older can participate.
D)All of these responses are accurate.

Question 36

To protect the cardiovascular system,adults should ________.

A)not smoke
B)eat low-carbohydrate diets
C)avoid vigorous exercise
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 37

Warning signs of Alzheimer's disease include ________.

A)personality changes
B)language problems
C)reduced job performance
D)faulty judgment
E)All of these are signs of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 38

To relieve the symptoms of arthritis,older adults should ________.

A)follow a special diet
B)restrict certain foods
C)take nutrient supplements
D)All of these responses are accurate.
E)None of these responses are accurate.

Question 39

Inadequate intake of ____ in adults may contribute to loss of bone strength and mental confusion.

A)magnesium
B)zinc
C)folate
D)vitamin B-12

Question 40

During the adult years,____ can adversely affect the immune system.

A)undernutrition
B)overnutrition
C)excessive iron intake
D)obesity
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 41

Which domain of complementary and alternative medicine involves using foods and special diets?

A)Energy medicine
B)Alternative medical systems
C)Biological based practices
D)Mind-body interventions

Question 42

Which of the following foods would be recommended for an elderly person who has periodontal disease?

A)Carrots
B)Chicken breast
C)Canned apricots
D)Brown rice

Question 43

Which is an example of a mind-body intervention?

A)Hypnosis
B)Biofeedback
C)Yoga
D)All of these are examples of mind-body interventions.

Question 44

In complementary and alternative medicine,a manipulative practice is ________.

A)massage
B)Reiki therapy
C)chiropractic manipulation
D)All of these examples are correct.
E)None of these examples are correct.

Question 45

You have been experiencing low back pain for about a week.You do not think that it is necessary to see your medical doctor for this condition,as you have had no injuries to the area.Which of the following CAM practitioners do you feel would be most beneficial to see for relief?

A)Aromatherapist
B)Chiropractor
C)Hypnotist
D)Ayurvedic practitioner

Question 46

A friend was recently prescribed corticosteroids for an inflammatory reaction he is having.He knows that you are taking a nutrition class and has asked you for advice on any drug-nutrient interactions that you may have learned in your class.Which of the following foods would you suggest he increase during the time he is taking this medication?

A)Low-fat milk
B)Spinach
C)Pork
D)Salmon

Question 47

A friend has recently been diagnosed with hypertension and has been prescribed Lasix to help treat her condition.This doctor did not recommend any dietary changes.Which of the following foods would you suggest that your friend increase until she can discuss her medications with her doctor?

A)Any processed foods
B)Beans
C)Diet soft-drinks
D)Oranges

Question 48

Which strength training recommendation(s),as suggested by the National Institutes on Aging,is/are appropriate for older adults?

A)Exercise at least 2 days per week.
B)Stretch after completing all exercises.
C)Perform exercises that involve major muscle groups.
D)All of the choices are appropriate strength training recommendations.

Question 49

Which is NOT an example of energy medicine?

A)High-calorie diets
B)Pulsed fields
C)Magnetic fields
D)Electrical currents

Question 50

What food and nutrition service program(s)does the U.S.Department of Agriculture (USDA)and Administration on Aging provide for older adults?

A)Commodity Supplemental Food program
B)Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program
C)Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition program
D)Child and Adult Care Food program
E)All of the above.

Question 51

An older relative has recently been placed on anticoagulant medications.Her doctor did not make any dietary recommendations.Which of the following foods would you suggest that your relative avoid until further discussing her medication with her doctor?

A)Oranges
B)Whole grain bread
C)Spinach
D)Milk

Question 52

You have an older relative that is complaining of fatigue.You learn that she is taking aspirin on a daily basis to prevent a heart attack.What condition do you suspect your relative may have?

A)Osteoporosis
B)Alzheimer disease
C)Iron deficiency anemia
D)Gout

Question 53

A friend has been drinking more than the usual amount of alcohol.You are concerned about the effects alcohol has.Which of the following herbal remedies do you feel comfortable suggesting for your friend to supplement with,based on your knowledge of the harmful effects of alcohol?

A)Saw palmetta
B)Milk thistle
C)Melatonin
D)Black cohosh

Question 54

A rational approach for someone wanting to try complementary and alternative medicine is to ________.

A)take advice from a trusted friend
B)keep a record of symptoms and practices followed
C)try at least 2 complementary and alternative medical practices at once
D)All of these approaches are rational.

Question 55

Which is true about herbs?

A)There is little regulation regarding herbal supplements in the U.S.
B)There have been no cases of adverse effects of using herbal supplements.
C)Herbal supplements are more effective than medicines.
D)Herbal supplements are as rigorously tested as medicines in the U.S.
E)All of these responses are true.

Question 56

An alternative medical practice system is ________.

A)Ayurveda
B)naturopathy
C)homeopathy
D)acupuncture
E)All of these responses are correct.