Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR consists of __________

A) global assessment of functioning.
B) clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention.
C) psychosocial and environmental problems.
D) personality disorders and mental retardation.

Answer 1

personality disorders and mental retardation.

Question 2

Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR includes __________

A) physical disorders that affect a person's psychological adjustment
B) all psychological disorders except personality disorders
C) information about problems in the person's life that might affect adjustment, such as death of a loved one
D) an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100

Answer 2

physical disorders that affect a person's psychological adjustment

Question 3

Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?

A) statistical rarity
B) personal distress
C) situational context
D) social norm deviance

Answer 3

personal distress

Question 4

Which of the following is a legal term, not used as a type of psychological diagnosis?

A) personality disorder
B) mental breakdown
C) hypochondriasis
D) insanity

Question 5

The most widely used system for the classification of psychological disorders is the __________

A) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2).
B) Diagnostic Inventory System (DSM-II).
C) Multi-axial Manual of Disorders (MMD-TR).
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR).

Question 6

Which of the following is a manual published by the American Psychiatric Association that describes the criteria used to diagnose psychological disorders?

A) The Multiaxial System Manual
B) The Handbook of Abnormal Psychology
C) The Pervasive Developmental Disorders Handbook
D) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 7

Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the __________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B) Physician's Desk Reference
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 8

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered __________

A) deviant.
B) uncomfortable.
C) rare.
D) maladaptive.

Question 9

According to the DSM's multiaxial system, on which axis does a diagnosis of mental retardation appear?

A) Axis I
B) Axis II
C) Axis III
D) Axis IV

Question 10

How many axes of data are considered in a full DSM-based diagnosis?

A) 3
B) 5
C) 6
D) 10

Question 11

The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to __________

A) help psychologists assess only normal behavior.
B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum.
C) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.
D) describe the causes of common physiological disorders.

Question 12

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

A) behavior that is rare
B) behavior that is consistent with the norms of society
C) behavior that does not create distress
D) behavior that is adaptive

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-IV-TR?

A) it describes symptoms and includes lists of specific criteria for diagnosis
B) it lists information regarding symptoms but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis
C) it is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health
D) it is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions

Question 14

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called __________

A) a psychological disorder.
B) humors.
C) stress syndrome.
D) adaptive behavior .

Question 15

When a therapist is using the DSM-IV-TR as a guide to evaluating a client, he or she would assess the client on each of five __________

A) axes.
B) stages.
C) phases.
D) steps.

Question 16

Dave, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case?

A) inability to function normally and statistical rarity
B) personal distress and inability to function normally
C) statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
D) deviance from social norms and personal distress

Question 17

Axis I of the DSM-IV-TR consists of __________

A) global assessment of functioning.
B) clinical disorders and other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention.
C) psychosocial and environmental problems.
D) personality disorders and mental retardation.

Question 18

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional discomfort or __________

A) personal distress.
B) social deviance.
C) statistical rarity.
D) situational context.

Question 19

__________ is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

A) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
B) The Physician's Desk Reference
C) The Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) The Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an Axis I disorder of the DSM-IV-TR?

A) sexual and gender identity disorders
B) factitious disorders
C) personality disorders
D) substance-related disorders

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT indicative of the biological perspective of abnormal behavior?

A) abnormal behavior arising from a physical cause
B) abnormal behavior arising from genetic inheritance
C) abnormal behavior arising from unresolved early childhood experiences
D) abnormal behavior arising from biochemical imbalances

Question 22

Luke is diagnosed with a somatoform disorder. His therapist believes that his disorder is reinforced by his family, his doctors, and by his ability to avoid stressful situations that are associated with his disorder. Luke's therapist is probably a __________

A) psychoanalyst.
B) behaviorist.
C) cognitive psychologist.
D) biological psychologist.

Question 23

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from __________

A) distorted thought patterns.
B) repressed memories.
C) underlying behavioral issues.
D) physiological causes .

Question 24

Which of the following statements might someone with a biological perspective make about schizophrenia?

A) it is a severe breakdown of the ego as a result of a disturbed relationship between mother and child
B) its symptoms are shaped by the processes of reinforcement and extinction
C) its symptoms, such as irrational beliefs, are a severe form of illogical thinking
D) it is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects

Question 25

Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents the expression of a repressed, unresolved, internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Dave's childhood. This view is typical of the __________ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 26

Axis IV of the DSM-IV-TR includes __________

A) all physical disorders that affect a person's psychological adjustment.
B) all psychological disorders except personality disorders.
C) information about problems in the person's life that might affect adjustment, such as death of a loved one.
D) an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100.

Question 27

The __________ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes.

A) biological
B) psychodynamic
C) naturalistic
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 28

Which axis of the DSM-IV-TR contains an overall judgment made by the psychological professional of the person's mental health and adjustment based on a scale from 0 to 100?

A) Axis II
B) Axis III
C) Axis IV
D) Axis V

Question 29

The psychodynamic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of __________

A) Freud.
B) Perls.
C) Rogers.
D) Skinner.

Question 30

Gunther, a psychiatrist, believes that Bobby's anxiety disorder is the result of conflicts he had with his mother when he was a child. Gunther's orientation is likely a __________

A) biopsychosocial perspective.
B) psychodynamic perspective.
C) cognitive perspective.
D) biological perspective.

Question 31

The psychodynamic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of __________

A) learning
B) early childhood experiences and unresolved, unconscious conflicts of a sexual or aggressive nature.
C) biology
D) biochemical imbalances

Question 32

Dr. Ting is working with a 16-year-old client who presents with the symptoms of a moderate case of depression. As part of his intake session, Dr. Ting learns that his client, Geoff, has suffered from very serious cystic acne for 4 years and is constantly teased by his peers for having such bad skin. On which of the axes would Dr. Ting chart this information?

A) Axis I
B) Axis III
C) Axis V
D) This information should not be charted because it is a medical, not a psychological issue.

Question 33

The __________ views abnormal behavior as arising only from a physical cause.

A) biological perspective
B) biopsychosocial perspective
C) psychodynamic perspective
D) cognitive perspective

Question 34

Sharon, a psychiatrist, often exclusively prescribes drugs for her patients. Sharon's orientation is likely a __________

A) biopsychosocial perspective.
B) psychodynamic perspective.
C) cognitive perspective.
D) biological perspective.

Question 35

Dr. Garcia is treating a patient who has a fear of knives. He believes his patient's fear is a kind of displacement, in which the phobic object is a symbol of whatever his patient has buried deep inside her unconscious mind. Dr. Garcia's view is consistent with that of _________

A) behaviorists.
B) cognitive psychologists.
C) the psychodynamic model.
D) the biological perspective.

Question 36

Dr. Jurgens is recommending a drug treatment along with psychotherapy to treat Pete's severe depression. Dr. Jurgens is operating from which perspective?

A) psychodynamic
B) humanistic
C) biopsychosocial
D) biological

Question 37

According to the biological perspective, generalized anxiety disorder is __________

A) a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface.
B) a learned reaction.
C) the result of illogical, irrational thought processes.
D) linked to an imbalance in several neurotransmitters in the nervous system.

Question 38

Joanna is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the __________ of abnormality.

A) psychoanalytic model
B) intrapersonal model
C) biological model
D) behavioral model

Question 39

Tad is convinced that a majority of abnormal behavior is resultant from either structural abnormalities or chemical imbalances in the brain. His view of abnormal behavior is consistent with the __________ perspective.

A) humanistic
B) cognitive
C) biological
D) behavioral

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT evaluated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual?

A) psychological disorders
B) educational level
C) health condition
D) psychosocial condition.

Question 41

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) biological

Question 42

According to the text, the type of fear that is most likely to drive people to seek professional help is __________

A) anxiety.
B) panic attacks.
C) agoraphobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 43

Which of the following statements is true about anxiety?

A) it is never considered realistic or normal
B) Some anxiety is realistic when its source is understandable.
C) it always manifests itself as a disorder
D) it is unusual for a mentally healthy person to experience anxiety

Question 44

According to the learning perspective, disordered behavior is a result of __________

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface.
B) learning processes that are identical to those that cause 'normal' behaviors.
C) illogical thinking patterns.
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage.

Question 45

Dr. Nevolia has a client diagnosed with a somatoform disorder. She believes her client's disorder is due to a tendency to magnify her symptoms and allow false beliefs to dominate her thinking. Dr. Nevolia is probably a __________

A) psychoanalyst.
B) behaviorist.
C) cognitive psychologist.
D) biological psychologist.

Question 46

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) negative interpretations of life events
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 47

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) the learning perspective
D) biological

Question 48

Cory's therapist told him during an early session that she felt his phobia of dogs was a result of being bitten at a young age. Corey's therapist has a __________ perspective.

A) humanistic
B) biopsychosocial
C) learning
D) psychodynamic

Question 49

In any given year, about __________ percent of adults suffer from a mental disorder.

A) 26
B) 12
C) 33
D) 43

Question 50

Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of __________

A) mood disorders.
B) dissociative neurosis.
C) anxiety disorders.
D) amnesia.

Question 51

Your aunt has a fear that makes it difficult for her to leave her home. She feels trapped and is unable to work or engage in any kind of activity that requires going outside of her home. You are not surprised when you find out your aunt is diagnosed with __________

A) trypanophobia.
B) odontophobia.
C) agoraphobia.
D) a specific phobia.

Question 52

According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of __________

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface .
B) a set of learned responses.
C) faulty or distorted thinking patterns.
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage.

Question 53

Billy is seeing a therapist because he often draws and daydreams in class, resulting in poor academic performance. Billy's therapist suggests that his teacher rewards Billy's success in the classroom in hopes that it would increase his academic performance and motivate Billy to spend less time drawing in class. What is Billy's therapists' perspective?

A) learning
B) psychodynamic
C) cognitive
D) biological

Question 54

Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called __________

A) agoraphobia.
B) a social phobia.
C) a specific phobia.
D) trypanophobia.

Question 55

To encourage healthy thinking, cognitive psychologists suggest avoiding five cognitive traps. Which of the following is NOT suggested?

A) avoid setting unrealistic standards for yourself
B) avoid negative "should be" thinking, such as "things should always be my way"
C) avoid turning a single event into a catastrophe
D) avoid judging anything short of perfection to be a failure

Question 56

Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?

A) cognitive
B) learning perspective
C) sociocultural
D) psychoanalytic

Question 57

Liza has an anxiety disorder. She is currently seeing a therapist who believes that anxiety disorders are a result of illogical, irrational thought processes. Liza is probably seeking treatment from a __________

A) behavioral psychologist.
B) cognitive psychologist.
C) psychoanalyst.
D) psychologist with a biological perspective.

Question 58

A behavioral therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) negative interpretations of life events
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 59

A typical American has __________ % of developing cancer in his/her lifetime, and __________ % chance of developing a mental disorder.

A) 1%; 2%
B) 5%; 10%
C) 30%; 50%
D) 50%; 75%

Question 60

Benny has an overwhelming fear of being in situations from which he cannot readily escape or in which there is no likely help in case a panic attack should occur. For example, Benny avoids shopping malls, movie theaters and restaurants. Benny most likely has __________

A) social phobia.
B) panic disorder.
C) dissociative disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 61

Barbra Streisand's extreme performance anxiety kept her from appearing live in concert for many years. Which disorder did she likely suffer from?

A) social phobia
B) agoraphobia
C) specific phobia
D) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 62

Cindy has recurring attacks where she has a pounding heart, feels she can't breathe enough air in, and thinks she might die. Which of the following does she likely have?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) panic disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 63

A disorder in which excessive anxiety and worry occur more days than not for at least six months is called __________

A) panic disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) phobic disorder.

Question 64

Seth thought he was having a heart attack. His heart suddenly began pounding. He couldn't catch his breath, began trembling and was seized by a sudden, overwhelming fear. Seth's experience is indicative of a __________

A) major phobic episode.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) panic attack.
D) cyclothymic episode.

Question 65

An anxiety disorder characterized by frequent panic attacks that affect the person's ability to function in day-to-day living is called __________

A) panic disorder.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) phobic disorder.

Question 66

People who have a(n) __________ are afraid of being evaluated in some negative way by others, so they tend to avoid situations that can be embarrassing.

A) agoraphobia
B) social phobia
C) specific phobia
D) interactive phobia

Question 67

Manny has such an intense fear of flying insects that he hardly ever goes outside his house during the summer months. He is probably suffering from a __________

A) somatoform disorder.
B) conversion reaction.
C) personality disorder.
D) phobic disorder.

Question 68

Arlene has an irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a __________

A) mania .
B) obsession.
C) compulsion.
D) phobia.

Question 69

Rey always has panic attacks when he is in crowds. Lately, they occur so frequently and unexpectedly that he avoids any place or situation where he expects to be among large groups of people. Rey is most likely to be diagnosed with __________

A) panic disorder with agoraphobia.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) phobic disorder.

Question 70

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

A) bipolar disorder
B) conversion disorder
C) phobic disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 71

Fear of public speaking and stage fright are both examples of __________ phobias.

A) specific
B) social
C) complex
D) interactive

Question 72

Which of the following is the term used to describe a sudden onset of extreme panic with various symptoms including racing heart, rapid breathing, and sweating?

A) phobia
B) compulsion
C) panic attack
D) affective disorder

Question 73

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing, rapid breathing, and sweating. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms MOST resemble __________

A) a phobic disorder.
B) a panic attack.
C) post-traumatic stress.
D) an affective disorder

Question 74

Public embarrassment is a key component of __________, whereas being trapped in a public place is a key element of __________

A) agoraphobia; social phobia.
B) generalized anxiety; panic disorder.
C) panic disorder; generalized anxiety.
D) social phobia; agoraphobia.

Question 75

An irrational, persistent fear of something is called a __________

A) mania .
B) obsession.
C) phobia.
D) compulsion.

Question 76

An anxiety disorder that involves a fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation is called __________

A) agoraphobia.
B) a social phobia.
C) a specific phobia.
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 77

What is a person with a social phobia afraid of?

A) other people
B) not being able to escape from a situation if they begin to panic
C) leaving home alone
D) appearing foolish

Question 78

Leo worries all of the time. He worries about his money, his children, and his dog. His muscles are always tense and sore, he has trouble sleeping, is often irritable, and has difficulty concentrating. Leo's symptoms sound most like __________

A) panic disorder.
B) conversion disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) a dissociative disorder.

Question 79

Which of the following behaviors represents a type of social phobia?

A) Melanie only leaves her house if one of her sisters is willing to go with her.
B) Brad has been unable to graduate from college because he is terrified of taking a required speech class.
C) Ellie faints whenever a doctor needs to give her an injection.
D) Selma is so afraid of spiders that she refuses to go on picnics in the park.

Question 80

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder?

A) Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
B) Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger while phobic disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.
C) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in women and phobic disorder is more common in men.
D) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in adults while phobic disorder is more common in children.