Deck 8: B: Nutrition, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

Question 1

The U.S.Department of Agriculture's nutrition guide states that a healthy meal consists of 30 percent ____________,20 percent _____________,accompanied by a small dairy portion.

A) vegetables and grains;fruits and protein
B) carbohydrates;protein
C) protein;carbohydrate
D) protein;fat

Answer 1

vegetables and grains;fruits and protein

Question 2

The minimum number of calories your body needs to maintain bodily functions at rest is called:

A) set point.
B) body mass index.
C) basal metabolic rate.
D) satiety.

Answer 2

basal metabolic rate.

Question 3

Triglycerides are:

A) lipoproteins that carry cholesterol around the body for use by cells.
B) the chemical form in which most fat exists in food.
C) a type of "good" cholesterol.
D) a type of "bad" cholesterol.

Answer 3

the chemical form in which most fat exists in food.

Question 4

The Glycemic Index ranks _______________ based on how quickly your body converts them to _______________.

A) carbohydrates;glucose
B) proteins;body fat
C) the fat in food;body fat
D) foods;calories

Question 5

The best predictor of heart disease is the amount of:

A) serum cholesterol in the body.
B) HDL in the body.
C) LDL and triglycerides in the body.
D) monounsaturated fats in the body.

Question 6

Which of the following is the unhealthiest type of fat?

A) polyunsaturated fat
B) trans fat
C) monounsaturated fat
D) All fats are unhealthy.

Question 7

Because our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible,some researchers have adopted the term:

A) homeostasis.
B) settling point.
C) BMR.
D) dynamic set point.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the most prevalent multiple chronic conditions in women and men?

A) hypertension and diabetes
B) heart disease and diabetes
C) cancer and hypertension
D) hypertension and heart disease

Question 9

From an evolutionary perspective,what is the advantage of a set point for body weight?

A) The tendency to maintain excess calories as fat helped protect people during food shortages.
B) People with stable body weights have healthier offspring.
C) Wide swings in body weight probably led to greater sensitivity to food cues.
D) Stable body weight probably led to greater sensitivity to food cues.

Question 10

Unit bias refers to the finding that:

A) people underestimate the number of calories they consume.
B) people overestimate the number of calories they consume.
C) people eat more when given larger portions.
D) dieting everyday often backfires.

Question 11

When a person's weight falls below its set point,he or she is likely to feel a(n)_______________ in hunger and a(n)_______________ in metabolic rate

A) increase;decrease
B) decrease;increase
C) increase;increase
D) decrease;decrease

Question 12

Research on obesity and weight regulation indicates that:

A) severe dieting can result in a loss of adipocytes.
B) fat tissue requires fewer calories to maintain than lean tissue.
C) most obese people simply lack willpower.
D) once an obese person has lost weight,his or her body set point is reset to the new,lower level.

Question 13

Electrical stimulation of an animal's ventromedial hypothalamus:

A) stops digestion.
B) increases digestion.
C) creates satiety and decreases or stops eating.
D) increases hunger and eating.

Question 14

Omega-6 and omega-3 are two kinds of:

A) polyunsaturated fat.
B) trans fat.
C) monounsaturated fat.
D) saturated fat.

Question 15

The major dietary culprit in cancer is:

A) beta-carotene.
B) polyunsaturated fat.
C) monounsaturated fat.
D) saturated fat.

Question 16

The so-called bad cholesterol is to _______________ as good cholesterol is to _______________.

A) HDL;LDL
B) HDL;LH
C) LDL;VMH
D) LDL;HDL

Question 17

The U.S.Department of Agriculture's current nutrition guide is called:

A) MyNutrition.
B) the glycemic guide.
C) the food pyramid.
D) MyPlate.

Question 18

The inexpensive sweetener found in many foods that may contribute to diabetes and other chronic conditions is:

A) glucose.
B) high-fructose corn syrup.
C) sucrose.
D) sacrose.

Question 19

Although Chris has been obese all his life,he is determined to lose weight by following a low-calorie diet.He is likely to have difficulty losing weight while dieting because:

A) fat tissue has a low metabolic rate and can be maintained by fewer calories.
B) his set point is too low.
C) his leptin level is too low.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

More people are treated for _______________ in the United States than for all other health conditions combined.

A) heart disease
B) cancer
C) obesity
D) stress-related disorders

Question 21

Particularly among __________ in developed countries,there is a(n)___________ relationship between obesity and socioeconomic status.

A) men;inverse
B) women;inverse
C) men;direct
D) women;direct

Question 22

The brain's "master center" for weight regulation is the:

A) prefrontal cortex.
B) parietal lobe.
C) arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.
D) melanocyte-stimulating center.

Question 23

PYY is a:

A) short-term satiety hormone produced by the intestine.
B) short-term appetite stimulant produced in the stomach.
C) short-term appetite suppressant.
D) long-term weight regulation hormone.

Question 24

The ____________ secretes the hunger-triggering hormone ________ as the time since a last meal increases and blood sugar levels drop.

A) ventromedial hypothalamus;ghrelin
B) lateral hypothalamus;PYY
C) lateral hypothalamus;orexin
D) ventromedial;orexin

Question 25

Adipocytes are:

A) simple sugars in foods.
B) chemical additives that promote cancer.
C) fat cells.
D) hormones monitored by the brain to help maintain the body's set point.

Question 26

Weight cycling is:

A) an unhealthy pattern of repeated weight gain and loss.
B) a healthy pattern of repeated weight gain and loss.
C) a person's average weight over his or her lifetime.
D) the range of calories,from high to low,that will maintain the body's settling point.

Question 27

Which of the following is most strongly linked to atherosclerosis,hypertension,and diabetes?

A) having a "pear-shaped" body
B) female pattern obesity
C) the overall amount of body fat
D) abdominal obesity

Question 28

One massive study identified a variant of the _______,which seemed to double a person's risk of becoming obese.

A) FTO gene
B) BMR
C) metabolic syndrome
D) settling point

Question 29

If the body's set point is something like a thermostat,the "thermometer" corresponds to the:

A) amount of stimulation in the lateral hypothalamus.
B) lesioning of the ventromedial hypothalamus.
C) level of leptin.
D) amount of pituitary gland secretion.

Question 30

After 12 hours without eating,Seth is very hungry.It is likely that Seth's blood glucose level is _______________ and his blood insulin level is _______________.

A) low;low
B) low;high
C) high;high
D) high;low

Question 31

The relationship between body mass index and relative risk of death is best described as being:

A) linear.
B) inverse.
C) U-shaped.
D) an inverted "U."

Question 32

Grunberg and Straub found that stress was especially likely to increase appetites for sweets in:

A) men who were not dieting.
B) women who were not dieting.
C) women who were dieting.
D) men who were dieting.

Question 33

Ghrelin is a:

A) short-term satiety hormone produced by the intestine.
B) short-term appetite stimulant produced in the stomach.
C) short-term appetite suppressant.
D) long-term weight regulation hormone.

Question 34

The set of obesity-related risk factors that increase the risk for coronary artery disease,stroke,and diabetes is called:

A) metabolic syndrome.
B) hyperinsulinemia.
C) hypoinsulinemia.
D) morbid obesity.

Question 35

A person with a BMI of 43 would be considered:

A) normal weight.
B) underweight.
C) obese.
D) morbidly obese.

Question 36

As ghrelin levels rise,neurons in the _______________ are stimulated and appetite levels _______________.

A) arcuate nucleus;increase
B) hypothalamus;decrease
C) NPY;increase
D) NPY;decrease

Question 37

Research on fat-cell hyperplasia reveals that:

A) no matter how much people diet,they can never lose fat cells.
B) the size of the adipocytes in a person's body never changes.
C) men have more adipocytes than women do.
D) adipocytes can swell to three times their unfilled size when a person overeats.

Question 38

Cholecystokinin (CCK)is a:

A) short-term satiety hormone produced by the intestine.
B) short-term appetite stimulant produced in the stomach.
C) short-term appetite suppressant.
D) long-term weight regulation hormone.

Question 39

It is estimated that genes contribute approximately _______________ percent to obesity.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 70

Question 40

Obesity in mice has been traced to a defective gene for producing:

A) serotonin.
B) norepinephrine.
C) acetylcholine.
D) leptin.

Question 41

The first priority in treating anorexia nervosa is:

A) changing eating patterns.
B) helping the patient develop a more realistic body image.
C) restoring body weight.
D) boosting self-esteem.

Question 42

Anorexia patients are most likely to have parents who:

A) have physically or sexually abused their children.
B) are high achieving and protective.
C) have been recently separated or divorced.
D) are unconcerned about physical appearance and body weight.

Question 43

Which of the following is true regarding obesity in the United States?

A) Obesity is less prevalent among African-Americans,Hispanic-Americans,and other minority groups.
B) Obesity and income are inversely related.
C) Obesity is positively correlated with education level.
D) Two-thirds of people living below the poverty threshold are obese.

Question 44

Food deserts are:

A) suburban neighborhoods in which there are no fast food restaurants.
B) geographical areas with little or no access to healthy foods.
C) communities in which there is little ethnic variation.
D) "walkable cities" that have re-engineered physical activity back into daily routines.

Question 45

The health hazards of bulimia often include each of the following EXCEPT:

A) laxative dependence.
B) damaged teeth from purging.
C) anemia.
D) slowed thyroid function.

Question 46

Those most vulnerable to eating disorders are those who ___________ value thinness and have the ____________ body image satisfaction.

A) least;lowest
B) most;greatest
C) least;greatest
D) most;lowest

Question 47

The central idea behind stepped care for treating obesity is that:

A) people need to be matched to individualized treatment programs.
B) overeating is often the result of simple conditioning.
C) as weight loss occurs,exercise levels need to be gradually stepped up in order to offset decreasing metabolic rate.
D) obesity is a multifaceted health problem.

Question 48

In 2010,Congress passed the Healthy,Hunger-Free Kids Act,which made it easier for schools to limit the number of ______ purchased from vending machines.

A) beverages
B) food deserts
C) competitive foods
D) binge foods

Question 49

Behavior modification programs for obesity typically include all of the following components EXCEPT:

A) stimulus control.
B) contingency contracts.
C) careful self-monitoring.
D) the use of anorexigenic medication.

Question 50

Research studies have demonstrated that African-American women generally have:

A) more positive attitudes toward their bodies,food,and weight than European-American women do.
B) more negative attitudes about their bodies,food,and weight than European-American women do.
C) a higher incidence of obesity and eating disorders than European-American women do.
D) decreasing incidence rates of both obesity and eating disorders.

Question 51

The best way to lose weight and keep it off is to _____________ and to _____________.

A) count calories;limit portion size
B) eat one less meal each day;limit portion size
C) exercise;take an appetite-suppression drug
D) develop sound eating habits;engage in regular physical exercise

Question 52

Twenty-two-year-old Shanta is slightly overweight and loves to eat,particularly junk food and high-calorie desserts.Fearful of gaining weight,Shanta often takes a laxative following an episode of binge eating.Shanta seems to suffer from:

A) binge-eating disorder.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) anorexia nervosa.
D) unit bias.

Question 53

The diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) refusal to maintain body weight above a BMI of 18.
B) intense fear of weight gain.
C) disturbance of body image.
D) lack of control over eating.

Question 54

A person who engages in bouts of excessive overeating,followed by feelings of distress-but who does not binge,purge,fast,or exercise excessively-is said to have:

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) binge-eating disorder.
C) bulimia nervosa.
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the families of women with bulimia?

A) a higher-than-average incidence of alcoholism
B) a higher-than-average incidence of depression
C) disengaged,or even hostile parent-daughter relationships
D) overprotective,competitive parents

Question 56

The fact that opiate antagonists may be effective in reducing the frequency of binge-purge episodes suggests that bulimia may be caused in part by disturbances in the brain's supply of:

A) glucose.
B) insulin.
C) endorphins.
D) serotonin.

Question 57

Research studies suggest that for American women of color,eating disorders:

A) may represent a means of suppressing their ethnocultural concept of beauty.
B) are a symptom of a strong sense of identity.
C) represent poor assimilation into the majority culture.
D) All of the answers are correct.

Question 58

Which of the following has NOT been offered as an explanation for the relationship between obesity and socioeconomic status?

A) Lower-income people have more limited access to health care services.
B) Less educated people may lack knowledge about the hazards of obesity.
C) The stress of poverty may trigger increased eating as a defensive coping mechanism.
D) Lower-income people have lower levels of will-power.

Question 59

Which of the following has NOT been identified as an important factor in the development of eating disorders?

A) body image at puberty
B) biochemical abnormalities of the HPA system
C) relationships with parents
D) a nonconforming personality