Deck 13: B: The Role of Health Psychology in Seeking and Obtaining Health Care

Question 1

A person's characteristic style of monitoring his or her overall well-being is called his or her:

A) locus of control.
B) appraisal style.
C) attentional focus.
D) perceptual bias.

Answer 1

attentional focus.

Question 2

Compared to women,men are:

A) less likely to report symptoms or to use health services.
B) more likely to report symptoms but less likely to use health services.
C) more likely to report symptoms and to use health services.
D) exposed to more illness.

Answer 2

less likely to report symptoms or to use health services.

Question 3

In one study,people who were told that they had high blood pressure:

A) reported significantly more physical symptoms commonly associated with this illness than did control participants.
B) reported fewer physical symptoms than did control participants.
C) reported fewer psychological symptoms than did control participants.
D) were less likely than control participants to exaggerate ambiguous physical sensations.

Answer 3

reported significantly more physical symptoms commonly associated with this illness than did control participants.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a component of illness representation?

A) identity of the illness
B) causes
C) timeline
D) previous experiences

Question 5

People who have a generally positive outlook on life:

A) are more in tune with their physical symptoms.
B) are more likely to ignore physical symptoms.
C) worry more about their health.
D) have a higher self-reported health.

Question 6

Of all patients hospitalized for physical illness,a substantial number also suffer from diagnosable psychological disorders.This phenomenon is called:

A) comorbidity.
B) psychosomatic illness.
C) hypochondriasis.
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

During ___________,thinking is typically distorted by a(n)_____________,in which people believe they will never be seriously harmed by dangerous actions.

A) early childhood;illusion of invulnerability
B) adolescence;optimistic bias
C) emerging adulthood;halo effect
D) late adulthood;feeling of generativity

Question 8

The symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)are treated with the greatest intensity in:

A) Germany.
B) the U.K.
C) the United States.
D) Japan.

Question 9

Which of the following was NOT offered in the text as a reason that women seek health care more often than men?

A) Women are more sensitive to internal bodily symptoms.
B) Health care is more fragmented for women.
C) Many women are exposed to more illness.
D) Men are,in general,healthier than women until late adulthood.

Question 10

How a person views the symptoms,perceived causes,controllability,and consequences of an illness refers to that person's:

A) illness representation.
B) neuroticism.
C) social construction.
D) explanatory style.

Question 11

Which of the following individuals is most likely to quickly detect and report health symptoms?

A) Miguel,who is socially isolated and bored with his job
B) Seth,who has a large circle of friends,an exciting job,and a very active life
C) Jane,who has a generally positive outlook on life
D) Ted,who tends to psychologically blunt his reaction to stressful events

Question 12

People who cope with health problems by ignoring them are called:

A) repressors.
B) sensitizers.
C) malingerers.
D) overregulators.

Question 13

Diagnoses of low blood pressure are most prevalent in:

A) the United States.
B) France.
C) Britain.
D) Germany.

Question 14

In general,health services are most often used by:

A) the very young.
B) the very old.
C) middle-aged adults.
D) the very young and the very old.

Question 15

Some skeptics believe that the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome,fibromyalgia,and restless leg syndrome is partly the result of:

A) direct-to-consumer drug advertising.
B) increasing obesity.
C) antibiotic resistance.
D) sedentary lifestyles.

Question 16

The new model of health care that combines the efforts of physicians,psychologists,and other health care providers is called:

A) palliative care.
B) primary care.
C) collaborative care.
D) multidimensional care.

Question 17

People who score high on measures of ___________ are more likely to perceive symptoms such as cramping and painful bowel movements as signs of an illness.

A) repression
B) malingering
C) neuroticism
D) depression

Question 18

Which of the following patients would be least likely to benefit from procedural or sensory information regarding a stressful medical procedure?

A) women,who tend to rely on problem-focused coping
B) men,who tend to rely on active coping strategies
C) sensitizers
D) repressors

Question 19

Sensitizers are people who cope with health problems by:

A) closely scanning their bodies and environments for information.
B) ignoring stressful information.
C) distancing themselves from aversive events.
D) looking at life through rose-colored glasses.

Question 20

The disorder of the lower intestinal tract that involves cramping,pain,and abnormal bowel movements is:

A) irritable bowel syndrome.
B) fibromyalgia.
C) chronic fatigue syndrome.
D) metabolic syndrome.

Question 21

Malingering refers to:

A) experiencing abnormal anxiety over one's health.
B) experiencing imaginary symptoms.
C) making believe one is ill.
D) exaggerating the symptoms of an organic disease.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT true regarding chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)?

A) CFS is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
B) There is no diagnostic test for CFS.
C) CFS is more common in women than in men.
D) There is no generally accepted drug treatment for CFS.

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the central elements of the patient-provider relationship?

A) continuity of care
B) communication
C) quality of consultations
D) frequency of consultations

Question 24

People at the lowest socioeconomic levels have the highest rates of:

A) morbidity.
B) mortality.
C) morbidity and mortality.
D) None of the answers is correct.

Question 25

Some people avoid seeking medical care because the perceived benefits do not outweigh the perceived costs.This is called:

A) appraisal delay.
B) illness delay.
C) scheduling delay.
D) treatment delay.

Question 26

Most experts consider chronic fatigue to be:

A) malingering.
B) hypochondriasis.
C) a form of hysteria.
D) a multifactorial syndrome.

Question 27

The correlation between income and the number of health symptoms reported is likely to be:

A) positive.
B) negative.
C) nonexistent.
D) stronger for men than for women.

Question 28

Which of the following factors promotes a patient's adherence to a prescribed treatment regimen?

A) being in a good mood
B) being a female
C) having a college education
D) having a good income

Question 29

Which of the following was NOT identified as a factor that predicts patient adherence?

A) being in a good mood
B) having trust in one's care provider
C) having the support of family and friends
D) a complex treatment regimen

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT true regarding cultural factors and seeking treatment?

A) Ethnic groups differ widely in the degree to which they believe that human intervention in health outcomes is possible or desirable.
B) People whose parents sought regular health care are likely to do so themselves.
C) People whose parents were suspicious of doctors may feel the same way.
D) Throughout the world,people react to pain in virtually the same manner.

Question 31

Bill hasn't seen a doctor for the physical symptoms he's been experiencing because he doesn't think professional help is necessary.Bill's behavior is an example of:

A) appraisal delay.
B) illness delay.
C) behavioral delay.
D) treatment delay.

Question 32

Carl didn't seek medical treatment for a mole on his back that had changed appearance because he didn't notice it.Carl's behavior is an example of:

A) appraisal delay.
B) illness delay.
C) behavioral delay.
D) scheduling delay.

Question 33

The average rate of patient nonadherence is estimated to be about _______ percent.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 75

Question 34

Which of the following behaviors would be considered an example of nonadherence?

A) eating an unhealthy diet
B) exercising excessively
C) failing to finish taking prescription medication once symptoms disappear
D) chewing tobacco

Question 35

People in lower socioeconomic groups:

A) are underrepresented among those who are hospitalized.
B) are less likely to use outpatient clinics.
C) are more likely to rely on emergency medical care.
D) are more likely to seek treatment for ambiguous physical symptoms.

Question 36

Some skeptics view chronic fatigue syndrome as merely a culturally fashionable collection of symptoms;that is,they view it as an example of:

A) a hysterical epidemic.
B) neuroticisms.
C) morbidity.
D) malingering.

Question 37

The informal network of family and friends that some people consult for advice regarding their symptoms is called the:

A) lay referral system.
B) macrosystem.
C) mesosystem.
D) attribution network.

Question 38

Although Kendra has a small rash on her abdomen,she hasn't seen a doctor because she is generally healthy and sickness seems unlikely.Kendra's behavior is an example of:

A) appraisal delay.
B) illness delay.
C) behavioral delay.
D) scheduling delay.

Question 39

Although she knows she needs to see a doctor for her symptoms,Sandra keeps putting it off.Sandra's behavior is an example of:

A) appraisal delay.
B) illness delay.
C) behavioral delay.
D) scheduling delay.

Question 40

For as long as she can remember,Cara's father has worried excessively over his health,often experiencing imaginary symptoms.Cara's father likely suffers from:

A) illness anxiety disorder.
B) comorbidity.
C) malingering.
D) chronic fatigue syndrome.

Question 41

Conrad is a health care provider who has completed graduate training in advanced-practice nursing and primary care.Conrad is most likely a(n):

A) registered nurse.
B) nurse practitioner.
C) physician's assistant.
D) social worker.

Question 42

Studies of patient-provider consultations have found that:

A) the more time physicians spend with their patients,the more satisfied the patients are.
B) patients are usually satisfied with the consultations and treatment they receive.
C) the harm that stems from poorly delivered bad news usually is not long-lasting.
D) health care providers are more verbally dominant with female patients.

Question 43

Research studies indicate that telemedicine is:

A) becoming part of every health care provider's training.
B) too impersonal and mechanical for most physicians and their patients.
C) a limited and infrequent vehicle for health care.
D) practical only for people living in major urban areas.

Question 44

A major part of health care reform under the Affordable Care Act is the creation of:

A) managed care.
B) accountable care organizations.
C) fee-for-service organizations.
D) health maintenance organizations.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic types of health care delivery systems around the world?

A) Single-provider system
B) National Health Insurance
C) Mandated Insurance
D) Private sector model

Question 46

A health care organization in which individuals pay a fixed monthly rate and use services as needed is:

A) managed care.
B) fee-for-service.
C) the preferred-provider organization.
D) a health maintenance organization.

Question 47

In _____________,patients become active participants in their own care.

A) managed care
B) patient-centered care
C) a preferred-provider organization
D) a health maintenance organization

Question 48

In Irving Janis's study of surgical patients,those who displayed ____________ had the fewest postoperative problems.

A) the lowest levels of fear
B) moderate levels of fear
C) high levels of reactance
D) low levels of reactance

Question 49

In recent years,the average number of days per hospital stay in the United States _______________,and the average cost per stay _______________.

A) decreased slightly;increased substantially
B) decreased substantially;increased substantially
C) increased slightly;did not change
D) increased slightly;increased substantially

Question 50

Cognitive control refers to interventions that:

A) teach techniques for controlling pain.
B) speed recovery during and after a medical procedure.
C) direct the patient's attention to the positive aspects of a procedure.
D) increase patients' knowledge regarding a medical procedure.

Question 51

One classic study of medical consultations found reported that in nearly two-thirds of the cases,the physician interrupted the patient after:

A) 18 seconds.
B) 60 seconds.
C) 2 minutes.
D) 5 minutes.

Question 52

Interventions that help patients prepare for hospitalization by describing the particular procedures and physical sensations that might be expected are focused on increasing:

A) informational control.
B) cognitive control.
C) sensory control.
D) behavioral control.

Question 53

Commonly called "Obamacare," the _______________ is expected to bring about significant changes in how health care is paid for and provided in the United States.

A) Managed Care Act
B) Fee-for-service Act
C) Affordable Care Act
D) Crossing the Quality Chasm Act

Question 54

Interventions aimed at increasing behavioral control are most beneficial for medical procedures in which:

A) the patient's participation has no effect on the progress of the procedure.
B) the patient's participation can assist progress.
C) the procedure is not painful.
D) the procedure is quite painful.

Question 55

Interventions that teach techniques for controlling pain and speeding recovery during and after a medical procedure are called:

A) behavioral control.
B) cognitive control.
C) informational control.
D) social control.

Question 56

Research studies have reported that patients with high health literacy are more likely to:

A) adhere to treatment instructions.
B) report the lowest levels of confidence in their doctors.
C) take a passive,deferential role in their treatment.
D) have less accurate perceptions of the risk and benefits of health screening.

Question 57

A managed-care network of physicians,hospitals,and other health care providers that agree to charge pre-established rates for specific services is:

A) managed care.
B) fee-for-service.
C) the preferred-provider organization.
D) a health maintenance organization.

Question 58

Janice is a health care provider who completed the first year of medical school,followed by a second year of clinical rotations.She performs many of the routine tasks of medical care,including taking medical histories and prescribing medications.Janice is most likely a(n):

A) registered nurse.
B) nurse practitioner.
C) physician's assistant.
D) social worker.

Question 59

Hospitalized patients often feel a sense of:

A) depersonalization.
B) increased information control over their health condition.
C) increased behavioral control.
D) increased cognitive control.

Question 60

A payment model in which health care services are paid by patients,out of pocket,at the time of treatment is:

A) managed care.
B) fee-for-service.
C) the preferred-provider organization.
D) a health maintenance organization.