Deck 19: Nutrition and Metabolism

Question 1

Which of the following is not true of vitamins?

A) They are inorganic molecules.
B) They attach to enzymes to help them function.
C) They can act as antioxidants.
D) Too little or too much of a vitamin can be harmful.

Answer 1

They are inorganic molecules.

Question 2

The body is unable to store which of the following vitamins?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K

Answer 2

Vitamin C

Question 3

Which of the following is not true of the process of glycolysis?

A) It is the first step in carbohydrate metabolism.
B) It occurs in the mitochondria.
C) Its end product is pyruvic acid.
D) It does not require oxygen.

Answer 3

It occurs in the mitochondria.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) Detoxifying bacterial toxins
B) Detoxifying certain drugs
C) Storing iron
D) All of the above are functions of the liver.

Question 5

The condition that results from a diet that is sufficient in calories but deficient in protein is called

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) marasmus.
C) kwashiorkor.
D) bulimia.

Question 6

Which is not true of protein metabolism?

A) In a healthy person, protein anabolism occurs more often than protein catabolism.
B) In a healthy person, protein catabolism occurs more often than protein anabolism.
C) Nonessential amino acids are needed in the formation of proteins.
D) Amino acids can be built into complex proteins.

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of fat metabolism?

A) Metabolized fat is used as a source of energy.
B) Fat is catabolized by the process of glycolysis.
C) Anabolized fat is stored in adipose tissue.
D) All of the above are true of fat metabolism.

Question 8

Which hormone raises blood sugar levels?

A) Glucagon
B) Growth hormone
C) Insulin
D) Both A and B

Question 9

Which is the only hormone that can reverse hyperglycemia?

A) Glucagon
B) Growth hormone
C) Insulin
D) Hydrocortisone

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of the electron transport chain?

A) It occurs in the mitochondria.
B) It takes the high-energy electrons and converts them to energy in the form of ADP.
C) It is the third step in carbohydrate metabolism.
D) All of the above are true of the electron transport chain.

Question 11

The condition scurvy results from a lack of vitamin

A) A.
B) E.
C) C.
D) K.

Question 12

Which of the following proteins produced by the liver is not involved in blood clot formation?

A) Fibrinogen
B) Prothrombin
C) Albumin
D) All of the above proteins are involved in blood clot formation.

Question 13

Which statement about minerals is untrue?

A) They are inorganic substances.
B) They are as important as vitamins.
C) They assist in the function of enzymes.
D) Unlike vitamins, large amounts of minerals are not harmful.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The BMR must be lower than the TMR.
B) The TMR must be lower than the BMR.
C) Consistent caloric intake above the BMR will cause a gain in weight.
D) Both A and C are true.

Question 15

Which of the following is not part of basal conditions?

A) Not digesting a meal
B) Being asleep
C) Being in a comfortably warm room
D) All of the above are basal conditions.

Question 16

Which of the following is not considered part of metabolism?

A) Assimilation
B) Catabolism
C) Anabolism
D) All of the above are part of metabolism.

Question 17

Which type of heat loss is the flow of heat waves away from the body?

A) Evaporation
B) Radiation
C) Convection
D) Conduction

Question 18

Glycogenesis

A) is also called glucose anabolism.
B) can occur in liver cells.
C) can occur in muscle cells.
D) All of the above are true of glycogenesis.

Question 19

Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle?

A) It is the last step in carbohydrate metabolism.
B) It occurs in the mitochondria.
C) One of its end products is carbon dioxide.
D) It requires oxygen.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) Producing plasma proteins
B) Producing bile for the chemical digestion of fat
C) Helping maintain the proper blood glucose level
D) All of the above are functions of the liver.

Question 21

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Term that refers to food entering the cell and undergoing many chemical changes

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 22

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The food the cell would prefer to use for energy

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 23

Which of the following is a method used by the body to conserve or generate heat?

A) Reducing blood flow to the skin
B) Shivering
C) Increasing the level or metabolism-stimulating hormone
D) All of the above are methods to conserve heat.

Question 24

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
An inorganic substance that attaches to enzymes and helps them function

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 25

Which is an inherited condition that causes a rise in body temperature in response to some types of anesthesia?

A) Malignant hyperthermia
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Fever
D) Hypothermia

Question 26

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The total amount of energy used by the body per day

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 27

Which type of heat loss occurs when liquid water turns to water vapor?

A) Evaporation
B) Radiation
C) Convection
D) Conduction

Question 28

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Substance the body uses as its source of immediate energy

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 29

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The last process in glucose catabolism; it occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 30

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
An organic substance that attaches to enzymes and helps them function

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 31

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The number of calories needed per hour to keep the body alive, awake, and comfortable

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 32

Which of the following is not true of anabolism?

A) Anabolism releases energy.
B) It is part of metabolism.
C) It builds smaller molecules into larger molecules.
D) All of the above are true of anabolism.

Question 33

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The first process in glucose catabolism; it occurs in the cytoplasm and does not use oxygen

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 34

Which type of heat loss occurs when body heat is used to heat the air flowing away from the skin?

A) Evaporation
B) Radiation
C) Convection
D) Conduction

Question 35

Which of the following is not true of catabolism?

A) Catabolism releases energy.
B) It is part of metabolism.
C) It builds smaller molecules into larger molecules.
D) All of the above are true of catabolism.

Question 36

Which of the following is a rise in body temperature that is used to help the immune system fight a pathogen?

A) Malignant hyperthermia
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Fever
D) Hypothermia

Question 37

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The process of glucose anabolism

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 38

Which of the following is not true of ATP?

A) It contains an adenosine group.
B) It stores energy for the body.
C) It can be used by the cell directly for energy.
D) All of the above are true of ATP.

Question 39

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Process used to release energy from food

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 40

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The second process of glucose catabolism; it occurs in the mitochondria and uses oxygen

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 41

Match each of the following vitamins with its function.
Helps maintain epithelial tissue and produces visual pigments

A)Vitamin D (calciferol)
B)Vitamin A
C)Vitamin B₁₂
D)Vitamin E (tocopherol)
E)Vitamin B₃
F)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
G)Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)

Question 42

List the functions of the liver. Which of these are specifically related to nutrition and metabolism?

Question 43

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
An abnormally high body temperature brought about by a systemic inflammation response

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 44

Match each of the following vitamins with its function.
Helps in the manufacture of collagen fibers

A)Vitamin D (calciferol)
B)Vitamin A
C)Vitamin B₁₂
D)Vitamin E (tocopherol)
E)Vitamin B₃
F)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
G)Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)

Question 45

Match each of the following vitamins with its function.
Involved in blood production and other processes

A)Vitamin D (calciferol)
B)Vitamin A
C)Vitamin B₁₂
D)Vitamin E (tocopherol)
E)Vitamin B₃
F)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
G)Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)

Question 46

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
A behavioral disorder characterized by a chronic refusal to eat, often because of an abnormal fear of becoming obese

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 47

Define and give examples of the processes of anabolism and catabolism.

Question 48

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
Results from an insufficient intake of both protein and calories

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 49

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
A behavioral disorder characterized by insatiable craving for food followed by periods of self-deprivation

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 50

Match each of the following vitamins with its function.
Helps enzymes that catabolize amino acids

A)Vitamin D (calciferol)
B)Vitamin A
C)Vitamin B₁₂
D)Vitamin E (tocopherol)
E)Vitamin B₃
F)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
G)Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)

Question 51

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
The inability to maintain normal body temperatures in very cold environmental conditions; characterized by a body temperature lower than 95° F

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 52

Match each of the following vitamins with its function.
Protects cell membranes from being catabolized

A)Vitamin D (calciferol)
B)Vitamin A
C)Vitamin B₁₂
D)Vitamin E (tocopherol)
E)Vitamin B₃
F)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
G)Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)

Question 53

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
Condition that occurs when the body loses a large amount of fluid resulting from heat-loss mechanisms in warm conditions; normal body temperature is usually maintained

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 54

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
A serious condition in which the body is unable to maintain normal body temperature in a very warm environment; body temperature can rise to dangerous levels

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 55

Match each of the following vitamins with its function.
Aids in calcium absorption

A)Vitamin D (calciferol)
B)Vitamin A
C)Vitamin B₁₂
D)Vitamin E (tocopherol)
E)Vitamin B₃
F)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
G)Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)

Question 56

Match each of the following vitamins with its function.
Helps enzymes in the citric acid cycle

A)Vitamin D (calciferol)
B)Vitamin A
C)Vitamin B₁₂
D)Vitamin E (tocopherol)
E)Vitamin B₃
F)Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
G)Vitamin B₆ (pyridoxine)

Question 57

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
Results from a diet that has enough calories but too little protein

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 58

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
An inherited condition that causes an increase in body temperature in response to certain anesthetics

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 59

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Process that builds simple food molecules into more complex compounds

A)Glycolysis
B)Glycogenesis
C)Catabolism
D)Mineral
E)ATP
F)Assimilation
G)TMR
H)Citric acid cycle
I)Anabolism
J)Glucose
K)Electron transport chain
L)BMR
M)Vitamin

Question 60

Match each disorder with its corresponding definition or description.
Results from too little vitamin C

A)Malignant hyperthermia
B)Heat exhaustion
C)Hyperthermia
D)Scurvy
E)Marasmus
F)Heatstroke
G)Bulimia
H)Fever
I)Kwashiorkor
J)Anorexia nervosa

Question 61

Explain how a diet that is low in carbohydrates would reduce the amount of fat in the body.

Question 62

What are vitamins, and what is their function in the body?

Question 63

Name and give the function of four vitamins needed by the body.

Question 64

Defend the statement that the catabolism of all food substances has the goal of reattaching a phosphate group to ADP.

Question 65

What occurs in the electron transport chain?

Question 66

Explain the process of glycolysis. Include the starting substance, the end products, and where it occurs.

Question 67

Describe anorexia nervosa. Who is most at risk and how is it treated?

Question 68

Explain the citric acid cycle. Include the starting substance, the end products, and where it occurs.

Question 69

Explain the cycle of bulimia. What harmful consequences can result from bulimia?

Question 70

If a person's TMR is 2,400 calories, would the BMR be more or less than this? Explain your answer.

Question 71

What is the BMR? What is meant by basal conditions?

Question 72

What are minerals, and what is their function in the body?

Question 73

Explain the role of the hepatic portal system in helping to maintain a constant source of nutrients for the body.

Question 74

What is the result of fat anabolism?

Question 75

Explain what is meant by a nonessential amino acid. How can nonessential amino acids be obtained?

Question 76

Explain the process of glucose anabolism. Where does it occur?

Question 77

What is obesity? List the conditions for which obesity is a risk factor.

Question 78

Explain the protein-calorie malnutrition conditions marasmus and kwashiorkor.

Question 79

List and explain the four ways that heat is lost from the body.

Question 80

Name and give the function of four minerals needed by the body.