Deck 1: Welcome to Positive Psychology

Question 1

With most psychologists preoccupied with human weakness and pathology, what would most of their focus be on?

A) Keeping psychology in the laboratory.
B) Fostering strengths in their clients.
C) Understanding and treating mental illness.
D) Analyzing the brain's connection to pathology.

Answer 1

Understanding and treating mental illness.

Question 2

Robert Kennedy's 1968 speech at the University of Kansas focused on which of the following points?

A) The importance of achievement to well-being
B) The things in life that make it worthwhile
C) An emphasis on more positive ways to raise children
D) The value of encouraging racial harmony

Answer 2

The things in life that make it worthwhile

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the two aims of positive psychology?

A) examine their maladaptive behaviors
B) test their mental abilities
C) build their emotional intelligence
D) To uncover people's strengths and promote their positive functioning.

Answer 3

To uncover people's strengths and promote their positive functioning.

Question 4

Which of the following are topics included in the definition of positive psychology?

A) Psychological strengths and positive emotions.
B) Pathology and methods of therapy
C) Personality traits and psychological strengths
D) Positive functioning and emotion management

Question 5

What was result of increased wages for practicing therapy and earning grants to conduct psychological research?

A) An increase in psychologists entering the field.
B) The building of a greater understanding of mental illness and effective treatment.
C) More complacency among psychologists, leading to a conflict of interest.
D) Fewer psychologists in academic settings, resulting in lower numbers of students.

Question 6

Which of the following events helped increase research on understanding and therapeutic treatment of mental illness by awarding grants?

A) The development of intelligence tests in the early 20th century.
B) The initial publishing of Psychology Today.
C) The creation of the National Institutes of Health.
D) The founding of the Veterans Administration.

Question 7

Which of these qualities have been shown to be most likely serve as a buffer to mental illness?

A) Neuroticism
B) Aggression
C) Courage
D) Stoicism

Question 8

According to Seligman, psychologists previously viewed people as being ______, which affected how they treated patients.

A) essentially passive
B) strong-willed
C) unmotivated
D) neurotic and unstable

Question 9

What kind of news story is someone most likely to be presented with?

A) A powerful story
B) A joyful story
C) A negative story
D) An enlightening story

Question 10

If you were a psychologist who began practicing in the mid-20th century, you would have noticed the shift toward focusing on ______.

A) stimuli and responses
B) personal strengths and virtues
C) pharmacological treatment
D) Freudian therapeutic practices

Question 11

The Presidential Task Force on Prevention is taking on tasks such as ______.

A) using preventative medicines to treat mental illness
B) training professionals in prevention and health promotion
C) ensuring that adults are receiving mental health treatment
D) promoting depression screenings in occupational settings

Question 12

Which perspectives help provide information about various factors that underpin positive psychology?

A) Physiology, neurobiology, and evolutionary.
B) Phrenology, introspection, and psychodynamic.
C) Neurobiology, adaptive, and behaviorism.
D) Existentialism, evolutionary, and cultural.

Question 13

In what way does prevention differ from pathologizing?

A) Prevention involves increased study of curing mental illness.
B) Prevention uses more systematic methods of treating mental illness.
C) Prevention aims to promote human virtues within younger people.
D) Prevention uses positivity to shift focus away from needing treatment.

Question 14

The medical model has guided professionals toward examining the damaged brain and ______, resulting in making prevention more difficult.

A) personal weakness
B) new therapeutic practices
C) containing the mentally ill
D) increasing diagnoses

Question 15

As a result of increased research and funding for understanding and treating mental illness, psychologists focused less on the missions of making lives better and ______.

A) understanding the influence of culture on mental health
B) changing public views on the stigma of mental illness
C) keeping psychology in the laboratory
D) identifying and nurturing high talent

Question 16

After reading Snyder's story about the airport delay, how did his readers react?

A) They did not believe the story, claiming it was unrealistic.
B) They enjoyed it but still reacted negatively to the parts about the airport delays.
C) They preferred that the editors continued to feature "regular" news.
D) They responded favorably and wished for more stories.

Question 17

In Snyder's story about the airport delay, upon learning that their flights were behind schedule the passengers reacted to the news by ______.

A) responding angrily to the airport staff
B) using a variety of healthy coping mechanisms
C) waiting calmly and quietly for their flights to arrive
D) using coping mechanisms, then becoming impatient

Question 18

What two missions have been neglected by the field of psychology until recently?

A) Measuring intelligence and understanding physiology.
B) Examining emotional intelligence and promoting the field.
C) Creating better learners and engaging in research.
D) Making normal people stronger and fostering human potential.

Question 19

Which of the following choices describes a reason that practitioners and researchers were more focused on studying negative characteristics?

A) They felt no need to study positive traits.
B) They were operating within the particular circumstances of their time.
C) People were mostly unhappy with their lives.
D) They did not want to impede on the work of positive psychologists.

Question 20

The authors believe that for positive psychology to become more prevalent, it must be based upon ______. A and D are both correct, as sociocultural perspectives must ALWAYS be considered in the field of psychology. Choosing another answer for D is necessary.

A) scientific principles
B) desirable virtues
C) anecdotes from clients
D) sociocultural perspectives

Question 21

Which of the following statements describes the issue that comes along with reality negotiation?

A) Prevailing views have ties to society's most powerful people, groups, and institutions.
B) Common people are unsure of how to engage in negotiations, which halts progress.
C) Ongoing political strife from all viewpoints leads to an imbalance in who controls the negotiations.
D) Disagreements about humanity's purpose skews the opinions of all involved.

Question 22

How could parents and schools utilize facets of positive psychology?

A) By emphasizing strengths and bringing out the best in children.
B) By not using grades to measure performance.
C) Through filtering out weaknesses in children.
D) By building relationships with the parents and educators. Also a correct answer.

Question 23

The positive psychology and pathology perspectives are both influenced by ______.

A) research and diagnosing
B) creating more funding for their goals
C) sociocultural goals and values
D) a physiological approach

Question 24

What is reality negotiation?

A) Negotiating the philosophical elements of our livelihoods.
B) Agreeing upon what we can and cannot perceive.
C) A debate for determining realistic goals for society.
D) The ongoing process by which people move toward agreed upon worldviews.

Question 25

What would a future psychologist need to include in their approach?

A) Knowledge of how to handle weaknesses.
B) Weaknesses and strengths of people within a cultural context.
C) A complete understanding of the dominant culture.
D) Information about which strengths are to be fostered in therapy.

Question 26

In order to operate as a good science, the authors suggest that the way to advance positive psychology is to ______.

A) build up research that opposes the pathology view
B) consider both the good and bad aspects of life
C) try to branch off and allow it to become its own field
D) study positive traits that outweigh other traits

Question 27

According to the authors, one of the more notable accomplishments of positive psychology is ______.

A) that more psychologists are participating in it than other perspectives
B) the increased attention toward the field due to theories and research findings
C) how much more we know about virtues
D) continuing to build upon itself throughout history

Question 28

A social construct is ______.

A) something that dictates how we act in public
B) a view that comes about from common law and is followed widely
C) a perspective or definition agreed upon by many people that constitutes reality
D) the amalgamation of people's interests and desires

Question 29

What would a culturally competent field of psychology manage to maintain the balance of?

A) Positive psychology and pathology. I see where this question came from in the chapter, but the second half of that sentence in the book isn't a definition of "culturally competent positive psychology" -- it's a call for both a culturally competent psychology as well as a balanced psychology (positive and pathology) to be attended to by this new generation. I would remove this question.
B) Pathology and physiology.
C) Medical practices and positive psychology.
D) Research and therapeutic practices.

Question 30

Who initially coined the phrase positive psychology?

A) Martin Seligman
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Carl Rogers

Question 31

A comprehensive and valid approach to psychology includes understanding cultural factors and ______.

A) assessment of disorders
B) assimilation to the dominant culture
C) stressors and resources in the environment
D) research methods

Question 32

What enabled Martin Seligman to bring more attention to positive psychology?

A) Becoming president of the APA.
B) His weekly television programs.
C) The fall of other perspectives.
D) An epidemic of mood disorders.

Question 33

When examining pathology in non-dominant groups, what would the likely revelation be?

A) Non-dominant groups do not display many symptoms of most mental illnesses.
B) Minorities tend to be easier to treat when it comes to mental illness.
C) Non-dominant groups are not represented enough for any meaningful results.
D) There exists too much pathologizing of minorities due to a bias toward Western culture.

Question 34

While continuing to study strengths within positive psychology, it is important to remember that ______.

A) diversity should not influence treatment
B) weaknesses should not be emphasized
C) certain strengths are more useful
D) people are diverse, so context matters

Question 35

How should a psychologist approach the positive psychology initiative, as recommended by Seligman?

A) Striving to cure as many disorders as possible.
B) Taking most of their focus to studying virtues.
C) Continuing to use the scientific approach.
D) Finding ways to become the more dominant view.

Question 36

Seligman's work to strengthen the positive psychology movement included ______.

A) deemphasizing other perspectives
B) printing more materials and dominating the market
C) utilizing media platforms to spread the word
D) initiating conferences and providing research grants

Question 37

What successes came about while operating from the pathology perspective?

A) The development of diagnosis, measurement approaches, and treatments.
B) Developing a diagnostic manual and understanding brain chemistry. Half of this is true.
C) Advances in medicine to be used in place of treatment.
D) Knowledge of why people engaged in virtuous behavior.

Question 38

Which of the following would help both traditional and positive psychologists continue to strive toward understanding and helping people?

A) Continuing their research and practice in equally important fields.
B) Embracing both viewpoints while keeping cultural contexts in mind.
C) Choosing which side will ultimately result in the improvement of society.
D) Founding another field that will supersede both perspectives.

Question 39

In consideration to the debate between positive psychology and pathology, what stance do the authors suggest that future psychologists take?

A) To avoid being drawn into it altogether.
B) To choose a side and stick to it so the debate stops.
C) To find another field to enter if the debate continues.
D) To find a way to equally fund both sides.

Question 40

Maddux, Snyder, and Lopez argue that reality negotiations are not dictated scientifically, but rather by ______.

A) perceptions on common sense
B) people and institutions who are interested in defining social constructs
C) the aftermath of many events taking place around the world
D) social rules and societal constructs that shape our behaviors

Question 41

How do the personal mini experiments featured throughout the book apply to the work of psychologists?

A) Their use does not apply outside of the field.
B) Psychologists use similar experiments and tasks within their research or with clients.
C) Researchers can use the anecdotal data.
D) They require written reports, which are utilized throughout the field.

Question 42

Aside from acquiring more psychological knowledge, what is another goal set upon the readers by the authors?

A) Spreading the message to other people.
B) Ensuring that positive psychology survives the 21^st century.
C) Diminishing their own weaknesses.
D) Becoming more skilled at capitalizing their own strengths.

Question 43

What virtues were sought out during the Victorian period in England?

A) Duty, honor, and discipline.
B) Studiousness and intelligence.
C) Gentlemanlike behaviors.
D) Courageousness and vanity.

Question 44

Around the fifth century BC, what would leaders in Athens have dedicated their resources toward in relation to positive psychology?

A) Determining who had the best physical fitness.
B) Understanding scholarliness.
C) Human virtues such as good character and actions.
D) Defining honor and discipline.

Question 45

What can be the result of refocusing our thoughts?

A) We can continue to be productive.
B) Determining whether we are seeking meaningful experiences.
C) Learning to remain calm in stressful situations.
D) We can concentrate on the problem at hand.

Question 46

What is the difference in the views that psychologists interested in psychotherapy hold about the influence of love, work, and play?

A) The usefulness of love, work, and play depend on the disorder a client is experiencing.
B) Some view these as being a part of the process of change or as part of the counseling process.
C) There is a split between those who think they are beneficial and those who think they are part of the problem.
D) Some psychotherapists believe that work and play are not as important if love needs are met.

Question 47

Seligman referred to ______ as the three great realms of life.

A) love, work, and play
B) career, goal setting, and love
C) spirituality, work, and play
D) love, entertainment, and knowledge

Question 48

Which of the following best describes the contrast that exists between trying to avoid unwanted outcomes and thinking of what one wants to happen?

A) People who avoid unwanted outcomes are generally unhappy.
B) Anyone who thinks of what they want to happen tends to see desirable results.
C) Those who try to avoid unwanted outcomes become more reactive than those pursuing happier circumstances.
D) People who are oriented toward only thinking of what they want to happen are likely to fail, unlike those who manage to avoid failure.

Question 49

Positive psychology is both a scientific and applied approach to psychology.
Approach to?

Question 50

The purpose of the We Want You To Experience personal mini experiment in Chapter 1 is to demonstrate that ______.

A) people have more control over their lives than they think
B) there are different ways to channel our thoughts
C) our experiences are very similar
D) you can strive for positive outcomes

Question 51

During the fifteenth century in Florence, people used riches and talents to advance ______.

A) musical talents
B) beauty
C) purity of heart
D) resilience

Question 52

Freud suggested that the capacity to love, work, and play is the definition of ______.

A) livelihood
B) consciousness
C) health
D) normalcy

Question 53

What do the authors suggest can help reveal the power of positive emotions and strengths? I agree with Lucy - A and B could be partially true, and "voiding" could be viewed as "counteracting" which could be viewed as the answer as well in that case.
This question might have multiple answers

A) Relying on the text to guide you.
B) A mindful approach to life.
C) Striving to reach certain goals but only if they are easy enough.
D) Completely voiding stressors and negativity.

Question 54

Which of these strategies fits within the purpose of the Life Enhancement Strategies?

A) Sharing emotions with a family member.
B) Mindfulness meditation.
C) Conscientious work.
D) Containing negative emotions/

Question 55

How would developmental researchers describe the contribution of love, work, and play to human life?

A) They are more applicable in adulthood.
B) They correlate with age.
C) They are associated with human growth and successful aging.
D) They do not have much influence on growth but do in other areas.

Question 56

Much like Athens, Florence, and England in previous eras, which country do the authors indicate can provide major contributions to positive psychology during the 21^st century?

A) Canada
B) Norway
C) Switzerland
D) The United States.

Question 57

Which of these do the authors suggest would help contribute to the success of positive psychology?

A) Increased funding for research and textbooks.
B) Finding ways to make the field the top priority in psychology.
C) Holding it to higher standards of logic and science.
D) Promoting its merits to as many future psychologists as possible.

Question 58

What is the authors' purpose in providing a detailed list of movies to watch?

A) To see the influence of psychology in films.
B) To observe how prevalent negative emotions are in media.
C) To help incorporate positive psychology into one's leisure time.
D) To show flaws in movies that pertain to psychology.

Question 59

In addition to applying good scientific practices, what else does the field of positive psychology require?

A) Skeptical and open minds.
B) Research grants.
C) Less distractions from other fields.
D) More practitioners.

Question 60

The authors' goals for this book are for it to be an excellent summary of the science and practice of positive psychology, and ______.

A) highlight the how much research has gone into the field
B) show insights into the ongoing debate against pathology
C) utilize multiple perspectives to show that positive psychology is the best option
D) allow the readers to apply positive psychology to their own lives.

Question 61

Like other areas of psychology, positive psychology does not need to undergo scientific rigor.

Question 62

Explain the side effects of the recent shift to studying strength and resilience, along with employing these in practice.

Question 63

Reality negotiation tends to be dictated by the views of the majority of people.

Question 64

Prevention involves scientifically examining human strengths and fostering these virtues in younger people.

Question 65

Until recently, societies were not accustomed to applying strengths and virtues to daily life.

Question 66

By placing greater emphasis on positive psychology, we must pay less attention to weaknesses.

Question 67

How did positive psychology manifest itself during the past in various societies?
Instead of "other"

Question 68

An inclusive approach to psychology takes cultural context into consideration.

Question 69

Psychologists were tasked with the mission of nurturing genius in the first half of the 20^th century.

Question 70

Before World War II, the primary mission in psychology was curing mental illness.

Question 71

Snyder's article detailed him observing passengers who reacted to news of delays by reacting favorably but then becoming restless as time went on.

Question 72

Describe the contrasting effects that stemmed from following pathology perspective when it was most prevalent?
Could this question be made a little more clear? I didn't understand the question

Question 73

What are the similarities and differences between the positive psychology and pathology perspectives?

Question 74

Studying traits in power-holding groups has led to less pathologizing of minority groups.

Question 75

Seligman and Kennedy share similar views on exploring the value of life.

Question 76

The ongoing debate between positive psychology and pathology centers around using medicine or using therapeutic methods as primary treatment.

Question 77

The authors suggest that focusing on only the positives or negatives is not good science.

Question 78

How would you explain the importance of the three great realms of life to a family member, client, or other person who might be unfamiliar with this concept?

Question 79

Research has indicated that love, work, and play are connected to someone's degree of mental health.