Deck 10: Minority Youth and Crime: Minority Youth in Court

Question 1

Among __________,juvenile property crime victimization rates do not vary significantly from adult victimization rates.

A)African Americans
B)Hispanics
C)Native Americans
D)whites

Answer 1

Hispanics

Question 2

In the late 1980s,__________ became the first state to create a computerized database of suspected gang members.

A)Texas
B)New Jersey
C)California
D)Florida

Answer 2

California

Question 3

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention report "Juvenile Victims of Property Crime," stated that ________ juveniles had been the victim of a property crime.

A)one of every eight
B)two of every eight
C)one of every six
D)two of every seven

Answer 3

one of every six

Question 4

The proportion of the total population younger than age 18 that reached each stage in the juvenile justice process is called:

A)transitional probability
B)compound probability
C)transitional risk
D)compound risk

Question 5

Data on homicide offenders reveal that roughly _____ percent of all homicides are committed by offenders known to the victim.

A)65
B)35
C)50
D)77

Question 6

The juvenile justice system was designed to be more concerned about rehabilitation than:

A)punishment.
B)retribution.
C)deterrence.
D)incapacitation

Question 7

The number of juveniles arrested increased _____ percent between 1985 and 1994.

A)75
B)100
C)18
D)32

Question 8

In general,__________ crime victimization rates are higher for younger age groups than for older age groups.

A)violent
B)property
C)sexual
D)all

Question 9

Data on __________ victimization rates broken down by age,gender,and race reveal that young African American males are particularly at risk.

A)violent
B)property
C)sexual
D)all

Question 10

Information concerning the racial and ethnic trends in victimization for juveniles is:

A)scarce.
B)plentiful.
C)inaccurate.
D)Answers b and c are correct.

Question 11

The number of juveniles arrested declined _____ percent between 1994 and 2003.

A)75
B)100
C)18
D)32

Question 12

The United States Supreme Court ruled in __________ that hearings determining whether juvenile cases will be heard in adult court must measure up to "the essentials of due process and fair treatment."

A)Kent v.United States (1966)
B)In re Gault (1967)
C)In re Winship (1970)
D)Breed v.Jones (1975)

Question 13

Because the juvenile justice system espouses the philosophy of parens patriae,it is less __________ than the adult system.

A)formal
B)flexible
C)compassionate
D)discretionary

Question 14

Data on homicide offenders reveal that offending peaks at around age:

A)18.
B)19.
C)21.
D)23.

Question 15

Juvenile arrests for violent crimes increased _____ percent between 1985 and 1994.

A)75
B)100
C)18
D)32

Question 16

The NCVS defines juvenile as youth aged:

A)12 to 18.
B)12 to 17.
C)10 to 18.
D)10 to 17.

Question 17

Because the juvenile justice system espouses the philosophy of parens patriae,it allows for more __________ than the adult system.

A)formality
B)incapacitation
C)retribution
D)discretion

Question 18

Juvenile arrests for violent crimes declined _____ percent between 1994 and 2003.

A)75
B)100
C)18
D)32

Question 19

The calculated likelihood that a youth at one stage in the juvenile justice process would reach the next stage is called:

A)transitional probability
B)compound probability
C)transitional risk
D)compound risk

Question 20

The small racial differences in outcomes at the initial stages of the process that accumulate and become more pronounced as minority youths are processed further into the juvenile justice system are known as:

A)transitional probability
B)compound probability
C)transitional risk
D)compound risk

Question 21

In the late 1980s,California became the first state to create a computerized database of suspected gang members.

Question 22

Compound probability is a measure calculated based on the proportion of the total population younger than age 18 that reached each stage in the juvenile justice process.

Question 23

The number of juveniles arrested increased 100 percent between 1985 and 1994.

Question 24

Since 1988,the ________________has required states to determine whether the proportion of people of color in confinement exceeds their proportion of the population.If there is disproportionate minority confinement,the state must develop and implement policies to reduce it.

A)Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act
B)Supreme Court
C)Juvenile Justice Equity Act
D)Department of Justice

Question 25

The United States Supreme Court ruled in Kent v.United States (1966)that hearings to determine whether juvenile cases may be moved to adult court must measure up to "the essentials of due process and fair treatment."

Question 26

The calculation of the proportion of the total population younger than age 18 that reached each stage in the juvenile justice process is called __________ probability.

Question 27

Among __________,juvenile property crime victimization rates do not vary significantly from adult victimization rates.

Question 28

The calculated likelihood that a youth at one stage in the juvenile justice process would reach the next stage is called transitional risk.

Question 29

Because the juvenile justice system espouses the philosophy of parens patriae,it is more __________ than the adult system.

Question 30

In general,__________ crime victimization rates are higher for younger age groups than for older age groups.

Question 31

Criteria for inclusion in gang databases are:

A)clear
B)too strict
C)vague
D)consistent

Question 32

Because the juvenile justice system espouses the philosophy of parens patriae,it is more discretionary than the adult system.

Question 33

Data on homicide offenders reveal that offending peaks at age 21.

Question 34

Data on __________ victimization rates broken down by age,gender,and race reveal that young African American males are particularly at risk.

Question 35

When taking characteristics of youth's family and community into account racial and ethnic differences in risk for violent victimization:

A)increase
B)decrease
C)stay the same
D)disappear

Question 36

Information concerning racial and ethnic trends in victimization for juveniles is scarce.

Question 37

In general,violent crime victimization rates are higher for younger age groups than for older age groups.

Question 38

While the development of the juvenile justice system is often seen as a "child savers" movement,Platt argues that it also developed with a strong emphasis on:

A)social control
B)rehabilitation
C)education
D)morality

Question 39

The authors argue that one of the main reasons that youth of color have disproportionate contact with the police is:

A)the amount of time spent outside
B)systematic racism
C)their violent tendency
D)disparity in treatment

Question 40

The NCVS defines juvenile as youth aged 12 to 17.

Question 41

In the late 1980s,__________ became the first state to create a computerized database of suspected gang members.

Question 42

The calculated likelihood that a youth at one stage in the juvenile justice process would reach the next stage is called __________ probability.

Question 43

Because the juvenile justice system espouses the philosophy of parens patriae,it is less __________ than the adult system.

Question 44

The small racial differences in outcomes at the initial stages of the process that accumulate and become more pronounced as minority youths are processed further into the juvenile justice system are known as __________.