Deck 10: Human Nutrition

Question 1

________ is a serious condition that results from a deficiency of protein and kilocalories.

A)Marasmus
B)Kwashiorkor
C)Type 2 diabetes
D)Celiac disease
E)Rickets

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The recommended amount of calories from proteins is at least ________ percent.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
E)40

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Glycogen is stored in which of the following?

A)chloroplasts.
B)fat cells.
C)skeletal muscle and fat cells.
D)liver and skeletal muscle cells,as well as fungi.
E)mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Symptoms of this deficiency include puffy skin,swollen belly,fatty liver,and listlessness.This deficiency is from the lack of which of the following?

A)vitamin A
B)iodine
C)lipids
D)proteins
E)carbohydrates

Question 5

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is a component of the disaccharide lactose?

A)fructose
B)sucrose
C)ribose
D)galactose
E)maltose

Question 6

Which of the following is associated with obesity?

A)type 2 diabetes
B)hypertension
C)asthma
D)osteoarthritis
E)All of these are associated with obesity.

Question 7

The building blocks of carbohydrates are which of the following?

A)monosaccharides.
B)amino acids.
C)fatty acids.
D)disaccharides.
E)More than one of the above are correct.

Question 8

Two plants that in combination supply all of the essential amino acids are which of the following?

A)beans and rice
B)corn and rice
C)beans and tomatoes
D)beans and corn
E)corn and tomatoes

Question 9

The fiber from ________ has been shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer.

A)fruits
B)whole grains
C)vegetables
D)seeds
E)all of these

Question 10

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate or polysaccharide?

A)galactose
B)glycogen
C)sucrose
D)lactose
E)More than one of these are complex carbohydrates.

Question 11

The most abundant monosaccharide is which of the following?

A)fructose
B)galactose
C)sucrose
D)glucose
E)amylose

Question 12

The recommended average daily caloric intake for an adult male is which of the following?

A)1000 kcal
B)2000 kcal
C)2200 kcal
D)3000 kcal
E)3200 kcal

Question 13

Which of the following is a disaccharide found in germinating grains?

A)lactose
B)maltose
C)galactose
D)sucrose
E)dextrose

Question 14

The most common disaccharide is which of the following?

A)lactose
B)maltose
C)glucose
D)sucrose
E)galactose

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about macronutrients?

A)Macronutrients are called that because they are larger than micronutrients.
B)Macronutrients are required in larger amounts than micronutrients.
C)Macronutrients include vitamins and minerals.
D)All of these are correct statements about macronutrients.
E)None of the above are a correct statement.

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of butyric acid?

A)It stabilizes blood glucose levels.
B)It reduces blood cholesterol levels.
C)It is produced in the small intestine.
D)Raises the acidity of the colon.
E)It is produced by bacteria.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a macronutrient?

A)fats
B)protein
C)carbohydrates
D)vitamins
E)All of the above are macronutrients.

Question 18

What does the text say is the ultimate cause of gluten sensitivity?

A)damaged and flattened villi in the small intestine
B)diets consisting primarily of wheat
C)high permeability of the intestinal wall
D)T cells of the immune system attacking gluten molecules
E)lack of enzymes to break down gluten

Question 19

Fat supplies ________ kilocalories per gram.

A)4
B)5
C)7
D)9
E)10

Question 20

Which of the following plant compounds occur in the middle lamella?

A)mucilage
B)hemicellulose
C)lignin
D)gum
E)pectin

Question 21

Which of the following statements is correct about LDL?

A)It is a protein that carries cholesterol to cells.
B)It removes excess cholesterol from tissues.
C)It is the "bad" cholesterol.
D)It is found in high quantities in palm and coconut oils.
E)It helps prevent atherosclerosis.

Question 22

Corn oil ________ HDL and ________ LDL,whereas olive oil ________ HDL and ________ LDL.

A)raises;lowers;lowers;raises
B)lowers;raises;raises;lowers
C)lowers;lowers;raises;lowers
D)raises;raises;lowers;lowers
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 23

________ vitamins can be stored by the body;as a consequence,they can build up to toxic levels if overconsumed.

A)Fat-soluble
B)Complex
C)Organic
D)Water-soluble
E)Sugar-soluble

Question 24

Which of the following minerals is a major component of hemoglobin?

A)iron
B)calcium
C)iodine
D)phosphorous
E)More than one of the above are major components of hemoglobin.

Question 25

The building blocks of triglycerides are glycerol and which of the following?

A)amino acids
B)nucleotides
C)monosaccharides
D)fatty acids
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 26

How do unsaturated fatty acids differ from saturated fatty acids?

A)Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.
B)Unsaturated fatty acids have more hydrogen atoms.
C)Unsaturated fatty acids are soluble in water.
D)Unsaturated fatty acids are always solid at room temperature.
E)Unsaturated fatty acids differ in all of these ways.

Question 27

The only vitamin not available from plants is which of the following?

A)biotin
B)thiamine
C)niacin
D)D
E)B₁₂

Question 28

Which of the following vitamins is important in the production of collagen?

A)A
B)B₆
C)C
D)D
E)B₁₂

Question 29

The scientific evidence shows that which of the following applies to omega-3 fatty acid?

A)They are found most abundantly in beef.
B)They are found in saturated fats.
C)They reduce the incidence of celiac disease.
D)They reduce the risk of blood clots.
E)Fatty acids are described by all of the above.

Question 30

Persons with celiac disease show elevated levels of what enzyme?

A)transglutaminase
B)ATP synthase
C)catalase
D)amylase
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 31

Which of the following vitamins is obtainable through the skin's exposure to UV light?

A)A
B)B₂
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 32

What does zonulin do?

A)Increases the permeability of the intestinal lining.
B)Breaks down gluten into its component amino acids.
C)Stimulates T cells to attack gluten molecules.
D)Breaks down cholesterol in the liver.
E)Induces cellular respiration.

Question 33

Triglycerides include which of the following?

A)steroids
B)mostly made from monosaccharides
C)fats and oils
D)soluble in water
E)More than one of these answers are correct.

Question 34

A deficiency in vitamin K can cause which of the following conditions?

A)beriberi
B)poor blood clotting
C)rickets
D)muscle weakness
E)night blindness

Question 35

The vitamin,________,is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates before entering the Krebs cycle.

A)biotin
B)thiamine
C)niacin
D)D
E)B₁₂

Question 36

Diets high in trans fats have been shown to cause or contribute to all of the following except one.Choose the exception.

A)type 2 diabetes
B)coronary heart disease
C)lower levels of LDL
D)higher levels of LDL
E)lower levels of HDL

Question 37

The amount of calcium in bones is under the control of hormones and vitamin ________.

A)A
B)B₂
C)C
D)D
E)E

Question 38

Celiac disease episodes can be triggered by which of the following?

A)gluten
B)secalin
C)hordein
D)All of the above can trigger celiac disease episodes.
E)None of the above can trigger celiac disease episodes.

Question 39

Essential amino acids include which of the following?

A)collagen
B)keratin
C)actin
D)myosin
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 40

Symptoms of this deficiency are dermatitis,dementia,diarrhea,and eventually death.This deficiency is which of the following?

A)osteomalacia
B)xerophthalmia
C)anemia
D)goiter
E)pellagra

Question 41

Lack of iodine results in the nutritional disease called ________.

A)goiter
B)anemia
C)osteoporosis
D)kwashiorkor
E)elephantiasis

Question 42

The form of iron found in plant sources is called ________.Its absorption can be improved by vitamin C.

Question 43

Kwashiorkor takes place when neither caloric nor protein needs are met by children.

Question 44

The pigment beta-carotene in plants is converted into vitamin C in the human body.

Question 45

The vitamins A,D,E,and K can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body.

Question 46

Marasmus is a nutritional disease that results when the caloric but not the protein needs are met.

Question 47

Beriberi is a nutritional disease caused by insufficient protein in the diet resulting in abdominal swelling and a reddish tint to dark hair and skin.

Question 48

Childhood obesity in countries such as Brazil and the United States may lead to increases in Type 2 diabetes as adults.

Question 49

Some benefits from a mostly vegetable diet are a decreased chance of contracting cardiovascular disease and colon cancer.

Question 50

All proteins in plants are incomplete;they lack either the right combination of amino acids or lack those amino acids in the right proportions.

Question 51

Breast-fed infants in some impoverished countries may have a higher risk for rickets.

Question 52

________ on a food label indicate the percentage of nutrients that are provided by a single serving of a food based on a 2000 Calorie diet.

Question 53

The primary treatment for patients with celiac disease is to remove gluten from the diet.

Question 54

Most dietary lipids are ________.

Question 55

In the human body,the beta-carotene of carrots is converted to ________.

Question 56

The Surgeon General in 2001 stated that the obesity epidemic in the United States would probably not affect the health gains we had achieved in recent decades.

Question 57

________ may destroy destructive free radicals that have been implicated as the cause of cancer and other diseases.

Question 58

Fats that have only single bonds between the carbon atoms are called ________ fats.