Question 1

How did the working-class movement in Britain differ from the one in Russia?&#10;A) It faced a more hostile and autocratic state and never influenced politics.&#10;B) It was more committed to the ideas and program of Marxism.&#10;C) It advocated class struggle and revolution to overthrow capitalism.&#10;D) It advocated a reformist program and a peaceful transition to socialism.

Accepted Answer

The working-class movement in Britain advocated a reformist program and a peaceful transition to socialism, while the one in Russia was more committed to the ideas and program of Marxism and advocated class struggle and revolution to overthrow capitalism. Additionally, the working-class movement in Britain faced a more democratic state and had more opportunities to influence politics compared to the more hostile and autocratic state in Russia.

Question 2

Which of the following was a result of the Industrial Revolution?&#10;A) An increase in production in mining,manufacturing,and services&#10;B) The dominance and expansion of agriculture in the economic sector&#10;C) The decline of the middle class and the rise of the working class&#10;D) The closing of the economic gap between rich and poor countries

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution led to significant improvements in technology and machinery, resulting in increased production in mining, manufacturing, and services sectors. This led to the growth of urban areas and the expansion of the middle class. However, it also had negative consequences, such as poor working conditions for the working class and a widening economic gap between different social classes. The dominance and expansion of agriculture did not occur as a result of the Industrial Revolution. While the working class did rise in prominence, the middle class did not decline. The closing of the economic gap between rich and poor countries did not occur as a result of the Industrial Revolution, as it primarily affected industrialized countries.

Question 3

Which of the following has been offered as an explanation for why Britain was the first European country to industrialize?&#10;A) Lack of oil deposits forced British industrialists to develop wind-based energy sources.&#10;B) The British government directed and financed every aspect of the country's industrialization.&#10;C) A scarcity of workers in Britain led to technological innovations that increased efficiency.&#10;D) Britain had a ready supply of coal and iron ore,the resources that fueled industrialization.

Accepted Answer

Britain's ready supply of coal and iron ore allowed for the development of steam power and the construction of machines and infrastructure necessary for industrialization.

Question 4

Which of the following arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is inherently more suited to industry and technology?&#10;A) In 1750,core areas of Europe and Asia enjoyed similar levels of economic development.&#10;B) Non-European civilizations have made valuable contributions to world history in music and cuisine.&#10;C) Europeans today lag far behind the United States in terms of industry and technology.&#10;D) Europe's early industrialization relied almost exclusively on slave labor from Africa.

Accepted Answer

This argument points out that there was a time in history when Europe and Asia were equally developed economically, thus countering the notion that European culture is inherently more suited to industry and technology.

Question 5

Which of the following describes the situation in Latin America after independence?&#10;A) The availability of cheap land created a new class of small independent farmers.&#10;B) Internal divisions,regional revolts,and foreign wars created political instability.&#10;C) The military declined,and civilian governments restored stability and prosperity.&#10;D) New legal distinctions were created based on race,sex,age,class,and religion.

Accepted Answer

After gaining independence, Latin America experienced political instability due to internal divisions, regional conflicts, and foreign wars. This was a result of the lack of strong institutions and the competition for power among different factions. The region struggled to establish stable democratic governments, and military intervention became a common occurrence.

Question 6

In the eighteenth century,how did the Industrial Revolution solve an emerging energy crisis?&#10;A) It emphasized intensive use of renewable energy sources.&#10;B) It introduced the use of coal,oil,and natural gas as sources of fuel.&#10;C) It facilitated the migration of the rural population to towns and cities.&#10;D) It encouraged the global trend toward economic protectionism.

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution introduced the use of coal, oil, and natural gas as sources of fuel, solving the emerging energy crisis. These non-renewable resources allowed for increased energy production and fuelled the growth of industry and transportation. While renewable energy sources were used to some extent, they were not emphasized or utilized on the same scale as fossil fuels. The migration of rural populations to towns and cities, as well as the trend toward economic protectionism, were not direct solutions to the energy crisis.

Question 7

Which of the following describes how the Industrial Revolution unfolded?&#10;A) It began independently in only one place,Great Britain.&#10;B) It was actively resisted almost everywhere.&#10;C) It spread slowly and evenly throughout the world.&#10;D) It spontaneously started in the most commercialized economies.

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution began independently in Great Britain and then slowly spread to other parts of the world. It was not actively resisted everywhere, although there were some resistance and challenges to the changes brought about by industrialization. It did not spontaneously start in the most commercialized economies, as there were other factors at play such as access to resources and technological advancements.

Question 8

Which of the following groups benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century Britain?&#10;A) The aristocracy&#10;B) The middle classes&#10;C) The laboring classes&#10;D) Women and children

Accepted Answer

The middle classes benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century Britain. The Industrial Revolution allowed for new opportunities in the manufacturing and transportation industries, creating a need for new professions and entrepreneurs. The growth of the middle class led to increased consumerism and economic prosperity. While there were improvements in living standards for some members of the laboring classes, they generally remained poor and exploited. The aristocracy also maintained their wealth and power, with some even investing in the new industries. Women and children faced harsh working conditions and low wages in factories.

Question 9

In what way did the Industrial Revolution transform the human relationship to the natural world?&#10;A) Humans learned to domesticate plants and began to practice animal husbandry.&#10;B) The ecological exchanges fostered by industrialization encouraged globalization.&#10;C) People learned to access energy resources derived from outside the biosphere.&#10;D) Scientists discovered the laws that made possible human mastery of nature.

Accepted Answer

The Industrial Revolution enabled humans to access energy resources such as coal and oil, which are derived from outside the biosphere. This allowed for unprecedented levels of industrial production and technological innovation, but also led to environmental destruction and human-induced climate change.

Question 10

In nineteenth-century Britain,women from the laboring classes found jobs as&#10;A) factory workers and domestic servants.&#10;B) teachers and college professors.&#10;C) executives,supervisors,and managers.&#10;D) doctors,nurses,and midwives.

Accepted Answer

Factory work and domestic service were two of the most common jobs available to women from the laboring classes during the nineteenth century in Britain. Women in these positions often worked long hours for very little pay and had few opportunities for advancement. While there were some women who worked as teachers or in other professional occupations, these opportunities were generally limited to women from more affluent backgrounds. Positions as executives, supervisors, and managers were almost entirely reserved for men, and women were largely excluded from the medical profession.

Question 11

Which of the following explains why industrialization first occurred in Europe?&#10;A) Europe had an unchallenged economic advantage over all other regions by 1750.&#10;B) Europe possessed a unique capacity for technological innovation.&#10;C) European rulers fostered unusually close alliances with their merchant classes.&#10;D) Europe was the only region that had commercialized economies in 1750.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following explains why industrialization...

Question 12

What agricultural breakthrough sustained the Industrial Revolution?&#10;A) The development of firestick farming&#10;B) The shift from four- to two-crop rotation&#10;C) The use of guano excrement as fertilizer&#10;D) The domestication of plants and animals

Accepted Answer

The answer of What agricultural breakthrough sustained the Industrial Revolution?&#10;A)...

Question 13

How did Britain's geography affect its Industrial Revolution?&#10;A) Proximity to France made it vulnerable to Napoleon's invasions.&#10;B) Its northern location minimized the effects of the Little Ice Age.&#10;C) Coal and iron ore deposits were abundant and close to each other.&#10;D) Trees covered the country,providing a renewable source of energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did Britain's geography affect its Industrial...

Question 14

The economic development of Latin America depended heavily on&#10;A) state subsidies.&#10;B) domestic manufacturing.&#10;C) stock appreciation.&#10;D) foreign capital.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The economic development of Latin America depended...

Question 15

Industrialization was associated with violent social revolution only in&#10;A) Britain.&#10;B) France.&#10;C) the United States.&#10;D) Russia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Industrialization was associated with violent social revolution...

Question 16

Which of the following reflects an explanation for Europe's Industrial Revolution that most historians criticize as Eurocentric and deterministic?&#10;A) Technological creativity outside Europe had slowed down considerably or stagnated by the early modern era.&#10;B) Unique features of European society,economy,or history gave it a long-term advantage and head start in industrializing.&#10;C) By the eighteenth century,the most advanced regions in the world enjoyed global economic parity.&#10;D) Industrial techniques that originated in Britain spread around the world with little innovation elsewhere.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following reflects an explanation...

Question 17

Which of the following was a reason for the failure of socialism to take root in the United States?&#10;A) The absence of labor unions in the United States&#10;B) The lack of class-consciousness among workers in the United States&#10;C) The availability of cheap land and high rates of home ownership&#10;D) The homogenous nature of the American population

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following was a reason...

Question 18

Which of the following played a greater role in industrial development in Russia than in the United States or Western Europe?&#10;A) The state&#10;B) The serfs&#10;C) Trade unions&#10;D) Political parties

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following played a greater...

Question 19

Which of the following describes how the movement toward industrialization in the nineteenth century affected Latin America?&#10;A) The commercial activities of private entrepreneurs in Latin America financed the region's industrialization.&#10;B) Governments in Latin America encouraged manufacturing industries through state subsidies and tax breaks.&#10;C) Latin America exported textiles,machinery,tools,weapons,and luxury goods to the United States and Europe.&#10;D) Latin America provided the food products,raw materials,and markets for industrializing countries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following describes how the...

Question 20

In what parts of the world did industrialization lead to major social transformations?&#10;A) Britain,the United States,and Japan&#10;B) Ottoman Empire and Egypt&#10;C) Latin America and China&#10;D) Colonial India and Africa

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what parts of the world did...

Question 21

Most of the European capital invested in Latin America was used to finance which of the following?&#10;A) Factories&#10;B) Telegraphs&#10;C) Steamships&#10;D) Railroads

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most of the European capital invested in...

Question 22

Which of the following was a factor that pushed many Europeans to immigrate in the nineteenth century?&#10;A) The rise in artisan manufacturing worldwide&#10;B) The decline in peasant farming in their homelands&#10;C) The high cost of transportation in Europe&#10;D) The scarcity of factory jobs in European urban centers

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following was a factor...

Question 23

Which of the following describes a feature of Karl Marx's vision of the society he predicted would emerge after the collapse of capitalism?&#10;A) A society controlled by a totalitarian state&#10;B) A society made up only of the middle class&#10;C) A society without classes and conflict&#10;D) A society run by the captains of industry

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following describes a feature...

Question 24

Which of the following was a value associated with middle-class culture in nineteenth-century Britain?&#10;A) Social justice&#10;B) Racial equality&#10;C) Respectability&#10;D) Extravagance

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following was a value...

Question 25

Which was the only country in Latin America to experience a nationwide revolution in the early twentieth century?&#10;A) Mexico&#10;B) Argentina&#10;C) Peru&#10;D) Chile

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which was the only country in Latin...

Question 26

Which of the following made global migration an appealing option for many Europeans during the nineteenth century?&#10;A) The demand for labor overseas&#10;B) The appeal of socialist ideas&#10;C) The search for a utopian society&#10;D) The commitment to revolution

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following made global migration...

Question 27

Which group in the United States in the early twentieth century supported reforms to improve working conditions and called for greater governmental intervention in the economy?&#10;A) The Labour Party&#10;B) The Progressives&#10;C) The Bolsheviks&#10;D) The Marxists

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which group in the United States in...

Question 28

In nineteenth-century Britain,most members of the aristocracy derived their wealth from&#10;A) manufacturing.&#10;B) commerce.&#10;C) finance.&#10;D) landownership.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In nineteenth-century Britain,most members of the aristocracy...

Question 29

Which of the following is a phrase that has been used to describe the form of economic growth in Latin America in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?&#10;A) Industrial capitalism&#10;B) Market-driven industrialization&#10;C) Socialist development&#10;D) Dependent development

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a phrase...

Deck 18: C: Revolutions of Industrialization 1750-1914