Deck 11: Human Organization

Question 1

Simple squamous epithelium has

A) a single layer of cube-shaped cells.
B) a single layer of column-shaped cells.
C) a single layer of flat cells.
D) many layers of flat cells.
E) many layers of cube-shaped cells.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is an organ system?

A) muscular
B) nervous
C) urinary
D) epithelial
E) connective

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What type of epithelium contains thin, flat cells stacked upon each other?

A) simple squamous
B) stratified squamous
C) simple cuboidal
D) stratified cuboidal
E) simple columnar

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which statement is true about epithelial tissue?

A) Epithelial tissue helps to protect the body from bacterial invasion.
B) Epithelial tissue can be glandular.
C) Epithelial tissue can be found lining the tubules of the kidney.
D) Epithelial tissue may contain column-shaped cells.
E) All the answers are true statements.

Question 5

Which of the following tissues is correctly matched with a function?

A) epithelial-storage of fat
B) connective-capillary lining
C) muscle-protection from pathogens
D) nervous-integration of data
E) connective-promotes electrical flow through the heart

Question 6

Which type of tissue contains cells close together and connected to a basement membrane?

A) hyaline cartilage
B) elastic cartilage
C) muscle tissue
D) nerve tissue
E) epithelial tissue

Question 7

Glands that secrete their products into ducts are classified as

A) serous glands.
B) mucous glands.
C) endocrine glands.
D) exocrine glands.
E) salivary glands.

Question 8

Which two types of tissue come together to make a "basement membrane"?

A) muscle and connective
B) connective and nervous
C) nervous and epithelial
D) epithelial and connective
E) nervous and muscle

Question 9

Muscles are connected to bones by

A) nerve tissue.
B) epithelial tissue.
C) ligaments.
D) tendons.
E) a basement membrane.

Question 10

Which tissue lacks a direct blood supply and heals very slowly?

A) bone
B) cartilage
C) muscle
D) epithelial tissue
E) nerve

Question 11

Collagenous and elastic fibers are found in what type of tissue?

A) epithelial
B) muscle
C) nerve
D) connective
E) simple squamous

Question 12

The tissue that has a white, translucent appearance and is found at the ends of long bones is called

A) hyaline cartilage.
B) fibrocartilage.
C) elastic cartilage.
D) compact bone.
E) dense fibrous connective tissue.

Question 13

The urine in your bladder is unable to pass out of the bladder through its epithelial lining. Which type of junction exists between these cells?

A) tight junction
B) basement membrane
C) gap junction
D) adhesion junction
E) There is no special junction between these cells.

Question 14

A tight junction forms an impermeable barrier between two cells.

Question 15

Which of the following tissue types would line the inside of the mouth?

A) muscular
B) connective
C) epithelial
D) nervous
E) glandular

Question 16

Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and lines kidney tubules?

A) hyaline cartilage
B) nerve tissue
C) columnar epithelium
D) cuboidal epithelium
E) squamous epithelium

Question 17

Which type of junction permits small molecules to pass between two cells?

A) desmosome
B) tight junction
C) gap junction
D) striations
E) cross junction

Question 18

Which of the following tissues may be specialized to secrete mucus?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) nervous
E) cartilage

Question 19

Which function is correctly matched to its type of tissue?

A) Adipose tissue stores fat.
B) Reticular connective tissue supports lymphoid tissue.
C) Connective tissues bind organs together and provide support and protection.
D) Loose, fibrous connective tissue encloses internal organs, including muscles.
E) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 20

Epithelial tissue can be modified to

A) store fat.
B) perform absorption.
C) receive stimuli.
D) move body parts.
E) carry impulses.

Question 21

Which of these is part of a neuron?

A) cell body
B) dendrite
C) axon
D) nucleus
E) All of the answer choices are parts of a neuron.

Question 22

Which is a correct description of muscle tissues?

A) Cardiac muscle is found in the heart, blood vessels, and nerves leading to the heart.
B) Smooth muscle is voluntary and represented by most skeletal muscles.
C) Skeletal muscle cells are often striated or banded where actin and myosin filaments overlap.
D) Smooth muscle cells are voluntary.
E) Skeletal muscle cells are branched and tangled and bound end-to-end at intercalated disks.

Question 23

Name the tissue in which the cells are separated by a liquid.

A) cartilage
B) nerve
C) blood
D) muscle
E) bone

Question 24

What is the primary function of neuroglial cells?

A) support and nourish neurons
B) conduction of nerve impulses
C) production of new neurons
D) deposition of inorganic salts
E) produce the matrix

Question 25

Dendrites and an axon are parts of a(n)

A) epithelial cell.
B) muscle cell.
C) reproductive cell.
D) neuron.
E) cartilage cell.

Question 26

What tissue is found in pads between the vertebrae?

A) bone
B) elastic cartilage
C) fibrocartilage
D) hyaline cartilage
E) stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Question 27

Some very important persons such as Japanese Emperor Hirohito and China's Premier Zhou Enlai were kept alive during their last days by many transfusions of blood. Without knowing further details of their ailments, which of the following functions most likely provided the most significant contribution to keeping them alive?

A) oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying capacity
B) supplement of hormone levels
C) provision of organic nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fats
D) provision of albumin and fibrinogen
E) provision of immune antibodies

Question 28

Fibrocartilage forms the nose.

Question 29

Until recently, we only described neurons as cellular units of the nervous system. Which is a probable reason science overlooked the importance of neuroglial cells?

A) Neuroglial cells have long processes and look just like neurons.
B) Neuroglial cells are rare compared to neurons and make up a very small volume of the brain.
C) Neuroglial cells were thought to merely support neurons and their complex chemical role was not yet detected.
D) Neuroglial cells are distant from the other neuron tissue.
E) Neuroglial cells are developing larger today as people use more memory.

Question 30

Which is a type of neuroglial cell?

A) astrocyte
B) lacunae
C) dendrocytes
D) osteocytes
E) myelin

Question 31

Which type of muscle is involuntary and lacks striations?

A) skeletal
B) smooth
C) cardiac
D) triceps
E) the heart

Question 32

The muscle group in your upper arm is composed of what type of muscle tissue?

A) skeletal muscle
B) smooth muscle
C) cardiac muscle
D) both cardiac and skeletal
E) adipose

Question 33

Bone

A) is made of only a hard matrix of inorganic (mainly calcium) salts.
B) lacks the collagen fibers found in cartilage.
C) is lacking blood vessels and canaliculi that deliver nutrients.
D) is built by bone cells called osteons.
E) is formed by concentric rings of bone cells in canaliculi.

Question 34

Blood is unlike other types of connective tissue in that the matrix is not made by the cells.

Question 35

What type of bone contains numerous bony plates separated by irregular spaces?

A) compact
B) spongy
C) marrow
D) elastic
E) fibrous

Question 36

What is the name of the cavity that houses the bone cells?

A) osteons
B) fibrocartilage
C) lacunae
D) central canals
E) adipose

Question 37

What is the numerical relationship of neuroglial cells compared to neurons?

A) Because they are big, one neuroglial cell can serve many neurons, so there are about nine neurons for every neuroglial cell.
B) There are about an equal number of both; each neuron has a companion neuroglial cell.
C) There are about nine neuroglial cells for every neuron.
D) The numbers vary widely from animal to animal and depend on the size of the animal.
E) Brain volume is made of approximately two-thirds neurons and one-third neuroglial cells.

Question 38

In which direction does a nerve impulse usually move?

A) cell body → dendrite → axon
B) dendrite → axon → cell body
C) dendrite → cell body → axon
D) axon → cell body → dendrite
E) axon → dendrite → cell body

Question 39

Which of the following are cell fragments that help initiate blood clotting?

A) erythrocytes
B) leukocytes
C) platelets
D) osteocytes
E) fibroblasts

Question 40

Besides putting the patient to sleep, some anesthetics effectively stop food from moving through the intestine. Therefore, after an operation, the surgeon will not permit a patient to eat until food is moving normally through the digestive system. Without knowing more about the anesthetics, what is the likely mode of action of the anesthetic?

A) The anesthetic probably slows the cardiac muscle, which in turn slows all other organ systems.
B) The anesthetic probably affects nerves that slow all skeletal muscle actions.
C) The anesthetic probably affects nerves that slow all smooth muscle actions.
D) The anesthetic probably affects nerves that stop all homeostatic actions.
E) The anesthetic probably affects nerves that stop all muscle contraction.

Question 41

Which of these organs are found in the coelom?

A) brain, spinal cord, kidneys, heart
B) salivary glands, vertebrae, heart
C) intestines, heart, lungs, liver
D) intestines, brain, lungs, liver
E) reproductive organs, heart, lungs, brain

Question 42

A person enters a heat chamber carrying a raw egg on a plate. As the temperature is gradually increased, the exposed egg is cooked while the subject maintains a normal internal temperature. What mechanism is lacking in the egg but is present in the human subject that maintains homeostasis?

A) Lack of a circulatory system prevents the egg from distributing the heat.
B) The egg cannot "breathe away" hot air to "air condition" its body.
C) The surface-area-to-volume ratio prevents the smaller body from losing heat as fast.
D) Increased sweating causes evaporation that carries away heat.
E) The human subject contains more fluid volume to absorb heat.

Question 43

Which molecule is responsible for waterproofing the skin?

A) mucus
B) keratin
C) hyaline cartilage
D) myosin
E) lanolin

Question 44

Which of the following functions would not be lost or seriously compromised if someone suffered a severe burn over most of their body?

A) prevention of heat and water loss
B) prevention of massive and continuous infection from invasion by external bacteria, viruses, and parasites
C) production of sweat that evaporates and cools the body when it is overheating
D) protection of muscle and other surface tissues from abrasion and pain
E) exchange of gases

Question 45

Which of the following is matched to the incorrect body system?

A) helps control pH of body fluids-urinary system
B) protects against disease and infections-cardiovascular system
C) produces body heat-muscular system
D) helps regulate metabolism-endocrine system
E) produces blood cells-skeletal system

Question 46

Usually it is not possible to penetrate inside a body cavity without cutting through protective tissues. However, sperm reach the egg without crossing any epidermal barrier. After traveling through the vagina, which body cavity will the sperm enter?

A) thoracic
B) pelvic
C) pericardial
D) dorsal
E) pleural

Question 47

Which of the following statements regarding homeostasis is true?

A) Homeostasis is controlled by hormones.
B) Homeostasis holds fluctuations near to the body's average levels.
C) Homeostasis requires coordination between internal organs.
D) Homeostasis is often controlled by negative feedback.
E) All of the answer choices are true.

Question 48

During a medical test for spinal meningitis, the physician orders a "spinal tap." What cavity would he be removing the fluid from?

A) thoracic
B) abdominal
C) pericardial
D) dorsal
E) pleural

Question 49

The diaphragm separates the pericardial cavity from the thoracic cavity.

Question 50

A person with severe burns over a large percentage of their body would be in danger of developing a vitamin D deficiency.

Question 51

Melanin is a substance responsible for

A) cell growth.
B) muscle contraction.
C) nerve impulses.
D) skin pigmentation to protect from harmful light.
E) increases blood flow to the epidermis.

Question 52

The part of the skin that has adipose tissue to help insulate the body is the

A) epidermis.
B) dermis.
C) subcutaneous layer.
D) connective tissue.
E) muscle layer.

Question 53

If you wash your skin and hair many times a day, you will soon have dry skin that cracks and bleeds because you have removed the ________ secreted by ________ that is necessary to keep the skin supple.

A) salty sweat; sweat glands
B) pili; erectors
C) lymph; lymphatic ducts
D) sebum; sweat glands
E) sebum; oil glands

Question 54

The endocrine system is the only system that is involved in coordinating and regulating the functioning of all the body's other systems.

Question 55

Which layer of the skin protects the body from bacterial infection and water loss?

A) dermis
B) epidermis
C) connective tissue layer
D) hyaline cartilage
E) basement membrane

Question 56

The body responds to excess heat by constricting the blood vessels in the skin.

Question 57

The type of membrane that covers the heart is called a

A) mucous membrane.
B) serous membrane.
C) basement membrane.
D) pleural membrane.
E) plasma membrane.

Question 58

"Goose bumps" are caused by the arrector pili muscles making the hair follicles stand up.

Question 59

Which type of tissue will respond to stimuli and transmit impulses?

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) nervous
D) muscle
E) blood

Question 60

Which of the following body systems rids the body of metabolic wastes and helps regulate the fluid balance and pH of the blood?

A) cardiovascular
B) muscular
C) lymphatic
D) urinary
E) endocrine

Question 61

During a football game, an offensive lineman is hit in the legs from the side. Upon examination by the physical trainer, it was determined that the player has a dislocated knee. There was a significant amount of damage to the entire knee joint. What is/are the main muscle, tissues, and membrane that would have been damaged?

A) skeletal muscle, connective tissues, and the synovial membrane
B) skeletal muscle, connective tissues, and the mucous membrane
C) smooth muscle, connective tissues, and the synovial membrane
D) skeletal muscle, connective tissues, and the serous membrane
E) None of the answer choices is correct.

Question 62

What is the main reason for the presence of a pimple?

A) increased production of sebum
B) increased levels of hormones
C) the presence of Propionibacterium acnes
D) inflammatory response
E) All of the answer choices are reasons for the presence of a pimple.

Question 63

List the three layers of the integumentary system and indicate the main functions of each layer.

Question 64

When you drink coffee, which is more acidic than your bloodstream, the pH of your blood drops.

Question 65

List the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity and indicate the main organs that are found within each of the subdivisions.

Question 66

What type of disease tends to occur suddenly and generally lasts a short time, although some can be life-threatening.

A) chronic
B) systemic
C) acute
D) localized
E) simple

Question 67

Which skin disorder is the result of a proliferation caused by the human papillomavirus?

A) warts
B) psoriasis
C) acne
D) All of the answer choices are caused by the human papillomavirus.
E) None of the answer choices is caused by the human papillomavirus.

Question 68

Which membrane is composed of loose connective tissue and lines moveable joint cavities?

A) synovial
B) serous
C) mucous
D) meninges
E) pleurae

Question 69

Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?

A) Lymph nodes regulate homeostasis.
B) Human oral body temperature is always close to 37^oC (98.6^oF).
C) There are more red cells than white cells.
D) An organism is limited in how high it can jump.
E) An organism makes about as many turns to the right as to the left.

Question 70

An example of a negative feedback system is when there is too much of a particular chemical in the body and a sensor detects it and brings about a response that causes the levels to drop.

Question 71

Which organ is part of the urinary system?

A) kidneys
B) mouth
C) esophagus
D) uterus
E) pancreas

Question 72

Why would it make sense to have the birthing process controlled by a positive feedback loop?

A) because there is a definite cutoff point to be reached
B) because birth is a positive experience
C) because there is no sensor involved
D) because there is no stimulus involved
E) because there is a fluctuation of hormones above and below the level necessary to induce birth

Question 73

List the four major tissue types found in the human body.

Question 74

Which system is one of the two main body systems that helps maintain homeostasis by regulating other body systems?

A) digestive
B) endocrine
C) respiratory
D) lymphatic
E) cardiovascular

Question 75

A home heating system is an example of a positive feedback mechanism.

Question 76

To which system does the spinal cord belong?

A) urinary
B) nervous
C) integumentary
D) endocrine
E) musculoskeletal

Question 77

Which structure can be classified as an endocrine and reproductive organ?

A) testes
B) lungs
C) lymphocytes
D) uterus
E) oocytes

Question 78

Which feature(s) helps distinguish the subcutaneous layer from the epidermis and dermis?

A) The subcutaneous layer is composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.
B) The subcutaneous layer is composed of loose connective tissue and contains various sensory receptors.
C) The epidermis is composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.
D) The subcutaneous layer is composed of fibrous connective tissue, such as collagen and elastic fibers.
E) The subcutaneous layer contains melanocytes, which will give skin its pigmentation.