Deck 30: Transport and Exchange 1: Blood and Breath

Question 1

The human cardiovascular system is comparable in some ways to a car's:

A) engine.
B) electrical system.
C) cooling system.
D) transmission system.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following best describes fibrinogen?

A) Fibrinogen is the connective tissue in the wall of an artery.
B) Fibrinogen is the protein portion of the hemoglobin molecule.
C) Fibrinogen is a transport lipoprotein that carries cholesterol.
D) Fibrinogen is a lipid found in platelets.
E) Fibrinogen is a plasma protein involved in clotting.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

What is the relationship of bone marrow to the cardiovascular system?

A) Bone marrow produces red blood cells.
B) Bone marrow helps keep the blood moving through the body.
C) Bone marrow produces chemicals that help carry carbon dioxide in the blood.
D) Bone marrow breaks down old blood cells.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Blood flow from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart is known as the:

A) pericardial circulation.
B) pulmonary circulation.
C) coronary circulation.
D) systemic circulation.

Question 5

Which of the following is true of the relationship of red blood cells to the other formed elements?

A) Red blood cells make up about half of the formed elements.
B) Red blood cells make up over 99 percent of the formed elements.
C) Red blood cells are the only formed element not made in bone marrow.
D) Red blood cells are the most important formed element involved in blood clotting.
E) Red blood cells are the only formed element without a plasma membrane.

Question 6

Which blood component is made of fragments of cells rather than a complete cell?

A) red blood cells
B) platelets
C) white blood cells
D) plasma

Question 7

Formed elements in the blood consist of all the parts below except:

A) plasma proteins.
B) white blood cells.
C) platelets.
D) red blood cells.

Question 8

Veins always carry blood:

A) toward the heart.
B) toward the capillaries.
C) away from the lungs.
D) away from the heart.

Question 9

Which of the following may be found in blood plasma?

A) water, proteins, nutrients, and ions
B) water, proteins, and ions
C) water and proteins
D) water

Question 10

People with high blood pressure often take medication to lower blood pressure. Some of these medications might do this by:

A) increasing the blood volume.
B) relaxing the smooth muscles in the arteries.
C) opening the valves in the veins.
D) increasing the number of platelets in the blood.

Question 11

If a person is unable to clot blood properly, which of the following might be lacking?

A) platelets
B) red blood cells
C) white blood cells
D) ions

Question 12

Erythrocyte is another term for:

A) plasma protein.
B) white blood cell.
C) platelet.
D) red blood cell.

Question 13

The outer layer of an artery or vein is composed of:

A) epithelium.
B) smooth muscle.
C) connective tissue.
D) cartilage.

Question 14

What happens when the diameter of an artery decreases?

A) Its semilunar valves open.
B) Its epithelial cells stretch.
C) The heart rate decreases.
D) The blood pressure decreases.
E) The blood pressure increases.

Question 15

Many people regularly donate plasma. Which of the following substances is not given when the plasma is donated?

A) electrolytes
B) antibodies
C) water
D) red blood cells

Question 16

Which vessels are structurally suited for the central purpose of allowing substances to pass in and out of them through their entire lengths?

A) arterioles
B) veins
C) arteries
D) capillaries
E) semilunar valves

Question 17

Why do new red blood cells survive for only a few months?

A) The heart pumps red blood cells so often that their membranes deteriorate.
B) The oxygen that red blood cells carry damages their organelles.
C) Red blood cells do not have most organelles or a nucleus.
D) The hemoglobin that red blood cells carry is toxic.

Question 18

The formed elements account for about what percentage of the total volume of blood?

A) 100 percent
B) 45 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 10 percent

Question 19

If someone has an iron deficiency in the diet, which part of the blood would this mainly impact?

A) plasma proteins
B) red blood cells
C) platelets
D) white blood cells

Question 20

Which of the following best describes High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)?

A) HDLs are transport proteins that carry lipids from tissues to the liver.
B) HDLs are transport proteins that carry lipids from the liver to tissues.
C) HDLs are large versions of the cholesterol molecule.
D) HDLs are critical components to the oxygen-carrying ability of red blood cells.

Question 21

The tiny air sacs of the lungs are called:

A) bronchi.
B) trachea.
C) alveoli.
D) bronchioles.

Question 22

A heart murmur would be associated with the malfunction of which structure?

A) aorta
B) pacemaker
C) heart muscle
D) atrioventricular valves
E) heart epithelial tissue

Question 23

Some of the fluid that leaks out of the capillaries is pulled back nearer to the end of the capillary bed by:

A) higher blood pressure in the capillaries.
B) suction from valves.
C) higher osmotic pressure in the capillaries.
D) low interstitial fluid pressure.

Question 24

Why is the left side of the heart stronger than the right side of the heart?

A) The left side pumps blood to the right side of the body, which has more muscle mass.
B) The left side receives more oxygen from the lungs.
C) The right side pumps only to the lungs, and the left side pumps blood around the whole body.
D) The right side pumps blood only to the brain, and the left side pumps blood around the whole body.

Question 25

Which chamber of the heart is connected to the aorta?

A) right ventricle
B) left ventricle
C) right atrium
D) left atrium

Question 26

Which vein in the body carries oxygenated blood?

A) coronary vein
B) superior vena cava
C) inferior vena cava
D) pulmonary vein
E) Veins never carry oxygenated blood.

Question 27

The coronary arteries that bring blood to the heart branch off from the:

A) aorta.
B) vena cava.
C) pulmonary artery.
D) pulmonary vein.

Question 28

When a doctor uses a stethoscope to listen to your heart and hears the lub-dub sound, she is actually listening to the:

A) valves in the heart closing.
B) blood surging through the arteries.
C) contraction of the cardiac muscle in the ventricles.
D) electrical signals that control heartbeat.

Question 29

Nerve-like muscle cells that function as the heart's pacemaker are found in the:

A) left ventricle.
B) right ventricle.
C) coronary arteries.
D) atrioventricular valves.
E) sinoatrial node.

Question 30

The movement of air in and out of the lungs is called:

A) cellular respiration.
B) ventilation.
C) external respiration.
D) internal respiration.

Question 31

The combination of large numbers and small size collectively gives alveoli what characteristic that is essential to their function?

A) low air resistance
B) easy inflatability
C) low surface area
D) high surface area

Question 32

In an area that has been "set up" for a heart attack by plaque formation, what is the most direct final trigger likely to be?

A) a sudden rise in HDL levels
B) a sudden drop in LDL levels
C) thinning of the blood
D) blood clot formation in the swollen area
E) eating a fatty meal

Question 33

Which is the best description of the function of the respiratory system?

A) delivers carbon dioxide to the blood
B) fills the lungs with air
C) facilitates gas exchange between the environment and body cells
D) delivers oxygen to the blood

Question 34

Which of the following will raise HDL and lower LDL levels?

A) exercise
B) replacing unsaturated fat in the diet with saturated fat
C) drinking more milk
D) stopping the use of anti-inflammatory medications

Question 35

What relationship between LDLs and HDLs is the healthiest?

A) high levels of both HDLs and LDLs
B) high levels of LDLs and low levels of HDLs
C) low levels of LDLs and high levels of HDLs
D) low levels of both HDLs and LDLs

Question 36

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the lungs?

A) left ventricle
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) right atrium

Question 37

Which of the following usually drain blood from a capillary bed?

A) arteries
B) venules
C) veins
D) arterioles

Question 38

What force is most important in returning blood back to the heart in the veins?

A) contraction of the skeletal muscles in the body
B) contraction of the ventricles on the heart
C) gravity
D) osmotic pressure of proteins in the blood

Question 39

Which structure contains deoxygenated blood?

A) left atrium
B) left ventricle
C) aorta
D) pulmonary vein
E) pulmonary artery

Question 40

Which factor contributes to plaque formation in coronary arteries?

A) inflammation of the lining where LDLs have attached
B) inflammation of the lining where HDLs have attached
C) protein deposits in the interior
D) fat cells clogging the interior

Question 41

Capillaries are essentially water-tight vessels, so nutrients and gases diffuse in and out, but water stays put.

Question 42

The blood consists entirely of blood cells and water.

Question 43

When the thoracic cavity gets smaller, the pressure inside the lungs increases.

Question 44

Water and plasma proteins make up about 99 percent of blood plasma.

Question 45

Valves in veins are important features that help keep blood moving back toward the heart.

Question 46

Blockage of the aorta is the most common fatal heart attack.

Question 47

Ions in plasma are also known as electrolytes.

Question 48

Inflammation is a typical part of the initial process that can result in a heart attack.

Question 49

During gas exchange, oxygen and carbon dioxide always move:

A) down their concentration gradients.
B) into the alveoli.
C) out of the blood.
D) into the blood.

Question 50

The stimuli for contraction of the heart come from within the heart rather than from the nervous system.

Question 51

Contraction of the diaphragm causes exhalation to occur.

Question 52

Arteries always carry blood that is oxygen rich.

Question 53

Most of the oxygen in human blood is:

A) carried in the plasma membrane of red blood cells.
B) carried on albumin.
C) carried in hemoglobin.
D) dissolved in the plasma.

Question 54

Because they are cell fragments, not cells, platelets are a component of plasma, not a formed element.

Question 55

The trachea branches into left and right bronchioles.

Question 56

The left ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery.

Question 57

When the diaphragm contracts, the thoracic cavity ________, and you ________.

A) gets larger; exhale
B) gets larger; inhale
C) gets smaller; inhale
D) gets smaller; exhale

Question 58

Some proteins are too large to leave the capillaries.

Question 59

Veins are smaller blood vessels than capillaries.

Question 60

Blood in the pulmonary arteries is moving toward the heart.

Question 61

Pulmonary ventilation occurs because of pressure differences between the lungs and the external environment.

Question 62

An athletic friend of yours recently had a blood test, asked for a copy of the report, and looked up numbers for his "total cholesterol," or combined LDL/HDL numbers. An online source lists his total as slightly high. He says, "My doctor's a quack! He told me my cholesterol was fine!" You press your friend for more details and come to understand that his LDL levels are within the healthy range, but his HDL levels are higher than average. What do you say to your friend to help him understand his doctor's comments?

Question 63

Why does exchange occur only in capillaries and not in arteries or veins?

Question 64

What technique is used to separate blood into plasma and formed elements?

Question 65

Match the following.

A) pumps blood to the aorta
B) receives blood from the pulmonary veins
C) pumps blood to the pulmonary arteries
D) receives blood from the superior vena cava
Left atrium

Question 66

List the pathway a single red blood cell would follow from the superior vena cava to the lungs.

Question 67

Match the following.

A) pumps blood to the aorta
B) receives blood from the pulmonary veins
C) pumps blood to the pulmonary arteries
D) receives blood from the superior vena cava
Right atrium

Question 68

Match the following.

A) "windpipe"
B) "upper throat"
C) small air passageways
D) tiny air sacs
E) "voice box"
Bronchioles

Question 69

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Question 70

Match the following.

A) "windpipe"
B) "upper throat"
C) small air passageways
D) tiny air sacs
E) "voice box"
Trachea

Question 71

Prepare an argument for why the following statement is incorrect: The formed elements are the only important part of blood, and plasma is just the water they're carried in.

Question 72

A friend has been asked to be a bone marrow donor for her sister. She tells you that her sister has low red blood cell counts that drop more every day. Your friend doesn't understand why blood transfusion wouldn't work without having to do a bone marrow treatment. How would you explain the need for the bone marrow donation to your friend?

Question 73

The technical term for a white blood cell is ________.

Question 74

Match the following.

A) "windpipe"
B) "upper throat"
C) small air passageways
D) tiny air sacs
E) "voice box"
Larynx

Question 75

Match the following.

A) pumps blood to the aorta
B) receives blood from the pulmonary veins
C) pumps blood to the pulmonary arteries
D) receives blood from the superior vena cava
Left ventricle

Question 76

Arteries branch into smaller and smaller arteries until they become small-diameter ________ that enter the capillary bed.

Question 77

Particularly with regard to gas exchange, why do we have respiratory and cardiovascular systems, but flatworms, which are only a few cells thick, don't?

Question 78

Match the following.

A) "windpipe"
B) "upper throat"
C) small air passageways
D) tiny air sacs
E) "voice box"
Alveoli

Question 79

Match the following.

A) "windpipe"
B) "upper throat"
C) small air passageways
D) tiny air sacs
E) "voice box"
Pharynx

Question 80

Match the following.

A) pumps blood to the aorta
B) receives blood from the pulmonary veins
C) pumps blood to the pulmonary arteries
D) receives blood from the superior vena cava
Right ventricle