Deck 8: The Green Worlds Gift: Photosynthesis

Question 1

In the cycling of energy and carbon through living things, plants and some other organisms use CO₂ to make carbon-containing molecules, while other organisms break down those molecules and release CO₂. During this process, CO₂ is produced during ________ and used during ________.

A) cellular respiration; photosynthesis
B) cellular respiration; photosynthesis and cellular respiration
C) photosynthesis; cellular respiration
D) photosynthesis; photosynthesis
E) cellular respiration; cellular respiration

Answer 1

A

Question 2

________ permit CO₂ to enter the leaf and O₂ to escape.

A) Mesophyll cells
B) Thylakoids
C) Stomata
D) Chloroplasts

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Chlorophyll is found in which part of the plant cell?

A) stroma
B) cytoplasm
C) thylakoid
D) plasma membrane

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The stomata are located in the leaf's ________, and the chloroplasts are located in the leaf's ________.

A) epidermis; epidermis
B) mesophyll; epidermis
C) epidermis; mesophyll
D) epidermis; stomata
E) mesophyll; mesophyll

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A) The shortest wavelength of light is the ultraviolet ray, which is the highest in energy.
B) The longest wavelength of light is the ultraviolet ray, which is the highest in energy.
C) The shortest wavelength of light is the visible light, which is the highest in energy.
D) The shortest wavelength of light is the infrared ray, which is the highest in energy.
E) The longest wavelength of light is the infrared ray, which is the highest in energy.

Question 6

What function does sunlight perform in photosynthesis?

A) Sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll to a higher energy level.
B) Sunlight fixes the CO₂ into glucose.
C) Sunlight converts electrons in chlorophyll to a lower energy state.
D) Sunlight converts electrons in water to a lower energy state.
E) Sunlight excites electrons in water to a higher energy level.

Question 7

The products of photosynthesis are:

A) O₂ and sugar.
B) H₂O and sugar.
C) CO₂ and sugar
D) O₂ and CO₂

Question 8

Chlorophyll a and the accessory pigments of a photosystem act as an antenna by:

A) being the primary electron acceptor.
B) absorbing energy from sunlight and passing it on.
C) absorbing CO₂ and passing it on.
D) absorbing energy from NADPH and passing it on.

Question 9

The ultimate source of energy for most life on Earth is:

A) heat from the Earth.
B) the metabolic processes found in all living things.
C) the sun.
D) oxygen.

Question 10

What two colors of light drive most of photosynthesis?

A) red and green
B) blue and green
C) red and blue
D) green and yellow
E) red and yellow

Question 11

The site of photosynthesis in a cell is the:

A) mitochondrion.
B) central vacuole.
C) stomata.
D) chloroplast.

Question 12

The breaking apart of water in photosynthesis is critical to us as animals because photosynthesis:

A) generates ATP.
B) regenerates RuBP.
C) creates a food source.
D) consumes carbon dioxide.
E) produces oxygen.

Question 13

If you see a red leaf, what color(s) of light in the visible light spectrum is/are being reflected?

A) red
B) all colors except red
C) all colors
D) no colors

Question 14

The purpose of chlorophyll is to:

A) absorb light.
B) let CO₂ enter the plant.
C) make ATP.
D) make NADPH.

Question 15

What product(s) do plants produce during photosynthesis that is/are used by humans and other animals?

A) glucose
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) glucose and oxygen

Question 16

Which of the following equations properly summarizes photosynthesis?

A) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + sunlight → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
B) C₆H12O₆ + 6CO₂ + sunlight → 6O₂ + 6H₂O
C) 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
D) 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + sunlight

Question 17

The transfer of electrons from chlorophyll a molecules to the primary electron acceptor is an example of a/an:

A) redox reaction.
B) synthesis reaction.
C) light reaction.
D) absorption reaction.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of plants?

A) Plants can create their own sugars using photosynthesis.
B) Plants can create their own sugars using fermentation.
C) Plants can create their own sugars using aerobic cellular respiration.
D) Plants can create their own sugars using anaerobic cellular respiration.

Question 19

Photosynthesis is driven by the ________ light spectrum.

A) visible
B) infrared
C) ultraviolet
D) microwave

Question 20

What product that is required by plants do animals-as well as plants-produce during cellular respiration?

A) CO₂
B) glucose
C) oxygen
D) ADP

Question 21

During the light reactions of photosynthesis, which of these does not occur?

A) Water is used to regenerate the electrons in the chlorophyll that were excited by sunlight.
B) Sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll, which are transferred directly to ATP.
C) Sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll, allowing an electron acceptor up the energy hill to accept them.
D) Sunlight excites electrons in chlorophyll, which eventually wind up on NADPH.

Question 22

The electron carrier in photosynthesis that will donate electrons to CO₂ so that it can be fixed into sugars is:

A) NADPH.
B) glucose.
C) NADH.
D) FADH.
E) CO₂.

Question 23

Plants make ATP during the light reactions of photosynthesis. Why do plants also need to carry out the process of cellular respiration?

A) The ATP made during photosynthesis is different from the ATP made during cellular respiration.
B) The ATP made during photosynthesis is only enough to fuel the dark reactions. The plant has to carry out cellular respiration to make ATP for other metabolic activities.
C) Plants need to make ATP from cellular respiration only when the conditions for photosynthesis are bad.
D) Plants do not need to perform cellular respiration.

Question 24

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is false?

A) Sunlight excites electrons from chlorophyll, which are captured by ATP.
B) In the light reactions, electrons eventually wind up on NADPH.
C) Photosynthesis involves many redox reactions similar to the electron transport chain used during cellular respiration.
D) During the light reactions, ATP and NADPH are synthesized.
E) A waste product of the light reactions is O₂.

Question 25

During the light reactions of photosynthesis:

A) H₂O is oxidized to oxygen and hydrogen ions.
B) ATP is used to produce H₂O.
C) ATP is used to produce NADPH.
D) CO₂ is fixed into glucose.

Question 26

The oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from:

A) water.
B) carbohydrates.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) the air plants take in.

Question 27

The products of the light reactions that are then used by the Calvin cycle are:

A) ATP and NADPH.
B) ADP and NADP⁺.
C) ATP and O₂.
D) O₂ and NADPH.
E) ATP and CO₂.

Question 28

Electrons from photosystem I are transferred down an electron transport chain to ________, which become reduced to ________.

A) NAD⁺; NADPH
B) NADPH; NADP⁺
C) NADP⁺; NADPH
D) ADP; ATP

Question 29

The splitting of water in photosynthesis provides:

A) CO₂ and electrons.
B) O₂ and electrons.
C) glucose and electrons.
D) hydrogen ions and light energy.

Question 30

The Calvin cycle requires all of the following except:

A) O₂.
B) ATP.
C) NADPH.
D) RuBP.

Question 31

The absorption of light energy by a photosystem:

A) transfers an electron from a reaction center to accessory pigment molecules.
B) causes electrons to be transferred from NADP⁺ to a reaction center.
C) boosts electrons to a higher energy level.
D) causes electrons to lose energy until they reach the reaction center.

Question 32

The electrons excited by sunlight in photosystem I are replaced by ________, and the electrons excited by sunlight in photosystem II are replaced by ________.

A) electrons from water; electrons from photosystem I
B) electrons from water; electrons from carbon dioxide
C) electrons from water; electrons from water
D) electrons from carbon dioxide; electrons from water
E) electrons from photosystem II; electrons from water

Question 33

Where does the NADPH created during the light reactions accumulate?

A) in the stomata
B) in the thylakoid membrane
C) in the leaf's epidermis
D) in the thylakoid compartment
E) in the stroma

Question 34

The light reactions occur in the:

A) mitochondrial membrane.
B) thylakoid membrane.
C) stoma.
D) thylakoid compartment.
E) mitochondrial compartment.

Question 35

What is the primary purpose of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A) to produce glucose
B) to create oxygen gas
C) to release electrons needed to convert solar energy to chemical energy
D) to remove carbon dioxide gas from the atmosphere

Question 36

During photosynthesis, energy is released and used to create ATP when:

A) electrons are passed down the energy hill during the light reactions.
B) electrons jump from a reaction center to a primary electron acceptor.
C) CO₂ is fixed into sugars in the light reactions.
D) water is split, releasing oxygen.
E) electrons are passed from photosystem I to NADPH.

Question 37

Chloroplasts transform ________ energy into the ________ energy of ATP.

A) heat; light
B) light; heat
C) heat; chemical
D) light; chemical
E) chemical; heat

Question 38

As a by-product of photosynthesis, what percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is oxygen?

A) 31 percent
B) 41 percent
C) 21 percent
D) 10 percent
E) 50 percent

Question 39

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration rely on electron carrier molecules to provide electrons to ultimately help produce ATP. In photosynthesis, the source of electrons is ________ and in cellular respiration the source of electrons is ________.

A) carbon dioxide; oxygen
B) glucose; oxygen
C) oxygen; carbon dioxide
D) water; glucose

Question 40

The Calvin cycle takes place in the:

A) thylakoids.
B) grana.
C) stroma.
D) cytoplasm.

Question 41

Photorespiration results in:

A) no change in the sugar being produced during photosynthesis.
B) more sugar being produced during photosynthesis.
C) less sugar being produced during photosynthesis.
D) sometimes more and sometimes less sugar being produced during photosynthesis.

Question 42

Photorespiration is when:

A) plants use sugars by respiration.
B) plants produce sugars during photosynthesis.
C) the enzyme rubisco binds O₂ during the Calvin cycle.
D) the enzyme rubisco binds CO₂ during the Calvin cycle.

Question 43

Sugars are created during:

A) aerobic respiration.
B) the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
C) the light reactions of photosynthesis.
D) anaerobic respiration.

Question 44

Plants perform only photosynthesis, not cellular respiration.

Question 45

Oxygen is required to carry out photosynthesis.

Question 46

Which of the following types of plants would most likely be found in the Mojave Desert?

A) CAM
B) C₃
C) C₄
D) CAM, C₃, and C₄ would all be equally likely in this environment.

Question 47

Which of the following is a C₄ plant?

A) cactus
B) lilac
C) corn
D) pine trees
E) orchids

Question 48

During photorespiration, rubisco binds with ________ , and during photosynthesis, rubisco binds with ________.

A) oxygen; a six-carbon sugar
B) oxygen; a five-carbon sugar
C) CO₂; oxygen
D) a five-carbon sugar; oxygen
E) oxygen; CO₂ and a five-carbon sugar

Question 49

The sugar that first bonds with carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle is:

A) 3-PGA.
B) G3P.
C) RuBP.
D) rubisco.

Question 50

Most plant leaves appear green because they absorb green light.

Question 51

Only plants can carry out photosynthesis.

Question 52

For every six carbon dioxide molecules fixed by the Calvin cycle, how many molecules of G3P exit the cycle?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) six

Question 53

Which type of photosynthesis do most plants use?

A) C₄
B) C₃
C) CAM
D) photorespiration

Question 54

Carbon fixation is taking place when plants:

A) oxidize CO₂.
B) incorporate CO₂ into sugars.
C) ingest CO₂.
D) produce CO₂.
E) convert CO₂ into ATP.

Question 55

How many carbon dioxide molecules are required to make one molecule of glucose?

A) two
B) three
C) six
D) eight

Question 56

What advantage is it for some plants to use C₄ and CAM photosynthesis?

A) They can conserve water and reduce photorespiration under hot, dry conditions
B) They can conserve water and produce four-carbon sugars instead of glucose
C) They can absorb carbon dioxide more efficiently when atmospheric CO₂ levels are low.
D) They can use the Calvin cycle at night when conditions are cooler and more humid.

Question 57

Photorespiration occurs most on:

A) hot, dry days.
B) hot, humid days.
C) cool, cloudy days.
D) cold, dry days.
E) cloudy, rainy days.

Question 58

During the Calvin cycle, plants:

A) fix CO₂ into sugar.
B) create ATP.
C) oxidize H₂O to oxygen.
D) convert solar energy to chemical energy.

Question 59

Which of the following is a CAM plant?

A) lilac
B) cactus
C) sugarcane
D) pine tree
E) corn

Question 60

A C₄ plant is different from a C₃ plant because a C₄ plant:

A) can leave its stomata open longer without ill effect.
B) stores CO₂ in four-carbon molecules before the CO₂ enters the Calvin cycle.
C) does not have bundle-sheath cells.
D) performs photorespiration.

Question 61

Your friend Bill says that all food on Earth ultimately comes from photosynthesis. Your friend Tom disagrees, saying that, "Cows and pigs don't photosynthesize, and they are food." Who do you think is correct, and why?

Question 62

You perform an experiment using an aquatic plant called elodea to determine which color of light is most effective at driving photosynthesis. You take three plants, immersed under water, and place plant A under blue light, plant B under red light, and plant C under green light. You notice bubbles coming off the leaves. More bubbles are coming from plants A and B, and few are coming from plant C. What is producing the bubbles? How do these results determine which color of light is most effective at driving photosynthesis?

Question 63

When sunlight hits chlorophyll, the electrons are excited out of the chlorophyll; the electrons go ________ an energy hill, and as they pass through the electron transport chain they go ________ an energy hill.

Question 64

Match the following.

A) mesophyll
B) grana
C) stomata
D) stroma
E) thylakoids
The Calvin cycle takes place in this space

Question 65

Photosynthesis forms ATP using oxidation-reduction reactions similar to those seen in the electron transport chain of respiration.

Question 66

If something is oxidized, it loses electrons.

Question 67

Plants and animals are mutually dependent on each other. Explain the energy-producing metabolic processes used by plants and animals, and name the products that result. Describe how animals benefit from the products of plant metabolism and how plants benefit from the products of animal metabolism.

Question 68

Match the following.

A) mesophyll
B) grana
C) stomata
D) stroma
E) thylakoids
These allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to exit

Question 69

Up until the 1930s it was assumed that the carbohydrates plants produced resulted from the combination of carbon atoms with water, and the oxygen released came from the splitting of the carbon dioxide molecule. You are a scientist testing this hypothesis. You have available to you water labeled with radioactive oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide labeled with radioactive oxygen atoms. Design an experiment to determine whether the oxygen produced during photosynthesis comes from the splitting of carbon dioxide or the splitting of water.

Question 70

Unlike animals, plants are able to obtain ATP through two processes. What are the two processes? Now consider deciduous trees, which drop their leaves in the fall. Do deciduous trees continue to use both these processes during the winter? If not, how do they stay alive during the winter until they grow new leaves in the spring?

Question 71

Match the following.

A) mesophyll
B) grana
C) stomata
D) stroma
E) thylakoids
The leaf tissue where most photosynthesis occurs

Question 72

Match the following.

A) mesophyll
B) grana
C) stomata
D) stroma
E) thylakoids
Stacks of membrane inside the chloroplast

Question 73

Describe how cellular respiration and photosynthesis are different.

Question 74

It has been argued that, wherever in the universe we might find living things, we will find some of them to be colored. Do you agree? Explain.

Question 75

Your friend lives in a basement apartment with no windows. She loves plants, but every time she tries to grow one it dies. What might you suggest your friend try, and why?

Question 76

The two colors of light that drive most photosynthesis are ________ and ________.

Question 77

Match the following.

A) mesophyll
B) grana
C) stomata
D) stroma
E) thylakoids
The light reactions occur here

Question 78

During the process of ________, carbon dioxide is incorporated into an organic molecule.

Question 79

Photosynthetic organisms provide two products that animals could not live without: ________ and ________.

Question 80

The enzyme ________ can bind both carbon dioxide and oxygen.