Deck 9: The General and Special Senses

Question 1

Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called

A) nociceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) thermoreceptors.
D) baroreceptors.
E) proprioceptors.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Olfactory glands

A) contain the neural receptors for the sense of smell.
B) form the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium.
C) are sensitive to aromatic molecules in the air.
D) produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epithelium.
E) form structures called olfactory bulbs.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Olfactory receptors are examples of

A) pain receptors.
B) thermoreceptors.
C) mechanoreceptors.
D) chemoreceptors.
E) proprioceptors.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which statement regarding sensory reception is correct?

A) The larger the receptive field, the better is one's ability to localize a stimulus.
B) The CNS can tell the difference between a "true" sensation and a "false" one.
C) Output from higher centers can dampen receptor sensitivity.
D) The CNS interprets the nature of sensory information entirely on the basis of the area of the brain stimulated.
E) In general, the stronger the stimulus, the lower the frequency of action potentials.

Question 5

Nociceptors are sensitive to

A) pain.
B) light touch.
C) vibration.
D) osmotic pressure.
E) blood pressure.

Question 6

Temperature sensations are relayed along the same pathways that carry sensations of

A) pressure.
B) low frequency vibration.
C) body position.
D) pH.
E) pain.

Question 7

Neurons in the respiratory centers of the brain that respond to pH are examples of

A) baroreceptors.
B) nociceptors.
C) thermoreceptors.
D) mechanoreceptors.
E) chemoreceptors.

Question 8

The fading of a dominant odor sometime after one enters a room is an example of experiencing

A) sensory adaptation.
B) damage to receptors.
C) sensory deprivation.
D) a change in concentration of the odor.
E) proprioception.

Question 9

Temperature senses use two types of

A) chemoreceptors.
B) free nerve endings.
C) proprioceptors.
D) tactile corpuscles.
E) lamellated corpuscles.

Question 10

Axons leaving each olfactory bulb travel along the olfactory tract to reach the olfactory cerebral cortex, portions of the limbic system, and the

A) thalamus.
B) superior colliculus.
C) pineal body.
D) hypothalamus.
E) epithalamus.

Question 11

Sensory receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called

A) thermoreceptors.
B) baroreceptors.
C) proprioceptors.
D) nociceptors.
E) chemoreceptors.

Question 12

Proprioceptors

A) do not adapt to constant stimulation.
B) for the most part produce information that is processed consciously.
C) do not send information continuously to the CNS.
D) are free nerve endings that branch within the walls of a distensible organ.
E) are exemplified by receptors in the carotid and aortic sinus.

Question 13

The Golgi tendon organs are examples of which of the following?

A) mechanoreceptors
B) proprioceptors
C) baroreceptors
D) chemoreceptors
E) nociceptors

Question 14

Lamellated corpuscles (Pacinian corpuscles) are

A) tactile receptors.
B) baroreceptors.
C) nociceptors.
D) thermoreceptors.
E) proprioceptors.

Question 15

Nociceptors

A) are rare in joint capsules.
B) increase in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.
C) have large receptive fields.
D) carry fast pain sensations through unmyelinated fibers.
E) are widely distributed in all tissues.

Question 16

Ruffini corpuscles are examples of

A) tactile receptors.
B) baroreceptors.
C) chemoreceptors.
D) proprioceptors.
E) nociceptors.

Question 17

The conscious awareness of a sensation is called

A) reception.
B) perception.
C) proprioception.
D) adaptation.
E) desensitization.

Question 18

Which of the following arrives at the primary sensory cortex?

A) olfactory sensations
B) visual sensations
C) auditory sensations
D) motor efferents
E) touch sensations

Question 19

Gustation refers to the special sense of

A) balance.
B) touch.
C) equilibrium.
D) vision.
E) taste.

Question 20

The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called

A) preferential pain.
B) recalcitrant pain.
C) actual pain.
D) referred pain.
E) slow pain.

Question 21

Each gustatory cell extends a ________ into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore.

A) taste bud
B) papilla
C) taste hair
D) basal cell
E) neuron

Question 22

Normal eye focusing is termed

A) hyperopia.
B) myopia.
C) presbyopia.
D) emmetropia.
E) refraction.

Question 23

Which structure of the eye contains blood vessels and lymphatic vessels?

A) retina
B) fibrous layer
C) sclera
D) vascular layer
E) neural layer

Question 24

Which of the following concerning olfaction is true?

A) Olfactory receptors are highly modified neurons.
B) Molecules to be smelled cannot be dissolved first in mucus.
C) Humans have fewer than 10,000 olfactory receptors.
D) Human power of olfaction is as powerful as that of most other mammals.
E) Olfactory stimuli must pass through the thalamus before journeying to the olfactory cortex.

Question 25

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the

A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) iris.
D) pupil.
E) canthus.

Question 26

The space between the suspensory ligaments and the iris is the

A) anterior chamber.
B) posterior chamber.
C) pupil.
D) vitreous body.
E) posterior cavity.

Question 27

Nearsightedness is more properly called

A) emmetropia.
B) myopia.
C) retinal detachment.
D) hyperopia.
E) glaucoma.

Question 28

Humans are most sensitive to which taste?

A) sweet
B) bitter
C) sour
D) salty
E) umami

Question 29

Which of the following is a primary taste sensation?

A) sweet
B) putrid
C) pungent
D) metallic
E) fruity

Question 30

The mechanism of gustatory reception seems to parallel that of

A) light receptors.
B) mechanoreceptors.
C) olfactory receptors.
D) nociceptors.
E) baroreceptors.

Question 31

The portion of the eye that contains blood vessels, pigment cells, loose connective tissue, and intrinsic muscle fibers is the

A) conjunctiva.
B) cornea.
C) iris.
D) pupil.
E) canthus.

Question 32

The space between the iris and the cornea is the

A) anterior chamber.
B) posterior chamber.
C) pupil.
D) aqueous humor.
E) vitreous body.

Question 33

Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves

A) IX, X, and XI.
B) VII, VIII, and IX.
C) VII, IX, and X.
D) V, VII, and IX.
E) IX, XI, and XII.

Question 34

Loss of lens transparency is referred to as

A) a cataract.
B) glaucoma.
C) myopia.
D) accommodation.
E) corneal scarring.

Question 35

The anterior cavity is

A) hollow.
B) filled with aqueous humor.
C) filled by the vitreous body.
D) filled with perilymph.
E) filled with endolymph.

Question 36

Which of the following is part of the inner layer of the wall of the eye?

A) lateral rectus muscle
B) iris
C) retina
D) sclera
E) conjunctiva

Question 37

Changing the shape of the lens to keep the focal length constant is a process called

A) nearsightedness.
B) farsightedness.
C) myopia.
D) astigmatism.
E) accommodation.

Question 38

Taste receptors are

A) found only on the tongue.
B) unable to divide.
C) modified neural cells.
D) specialized epithelial cells.
E) sensitive to pain.

Question 39

There are ________ primary taste sensations.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 12
D) 20
E) more than 50

Question 40

Within the olfactory epithelium, which of the following are regenerative stem cells?

A) olfactory bulbs
B) olfactory glands
C) odorant-binding proteins
D) basal cells
E) olfactory tracts

Question 41

Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for the eye looking down?

A) lateral rectus
B) inferior oblique
C) inferior rectus
D) medial rectus
E) superior rectus

Question 42

The highest concentration of cones is in the

A) fibrous layer.
B) blind spot.
C) choroid.
D) optic disc.
E) fovea centralis.

Question 43

Which statement is correct?

A) For distant vision, the ciliary muscle is relaxed and the lens is rounded.
B) For close vision, the ciliary muscle is relaxed and the lens is flattened.
C) For distant vision, the ciliary muscle is contracted and the lens is flattened.
D) The closer the light source, the shorter the focal distance.
E) For close vision, the ciliary muscle is contracted and the lens is rounded.

Question 44

You have been diagnosed with glaucoma. The doctor is worried that the pressure within the anterior cavity will damage the corneal cells, even with treatment. How is this explained?

A) The cornea is the location of the photoreceptor cells.
B) The damaged lens will stick to the cornea, affecting light refraction.
C) The glaucoma will cause the pupils to get smaller, allowing less light through the cornea.
D) The cornea cannot easily get nutrients and oxygen.
E) The cornea will be pushed inward toward the back of the eyeball, causing pressure increases on the retina.

Question 45

A person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close.

A) myopia
B) hyperopia
C) glaucoma
D) emmetropia
E) cataracts

Question 46

The fibrous layer of the eye

A) consists of the sclera and the cornea.
B) contains the intrinsic eye muscles.
C) regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
D) consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
E) consists of the retina.

Question 47

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure D is the

A) ciliary muscle.
B) ciliary body.
C) vitreous humor.
D) medial rectus muscle.
E) ciliary zonule.

Question 48

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
Light rays refract or bend when they go through

A) J.
B) L.
C) B.
D) X.
E) R.

Question 49

The lens focuses the visual image on the photoreceptors by

A) moving up and down.
B) moving in and out.
C) changing shape.
D) opening and closing.
E) dilating and constricting.

Question 50

The shape of the lens is controlled by the

A) pupillary constrictor muscles.
B) pupillary dilator muscles.
C) ciliary muscle.
D) conjunctiva.
E) aqueous body.

Question 51

The vitreous body

A) contains the lens.
B) helps to stabilize the eye shape.
C) contains blood vessels that nourish the retina.
D) is located between the lens and the iris.
E) is found in the posterior chamber.

Question 52

Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for enabling the eye to roll, look up, and look laterally?

A) inferior rectus
B) superior oblique
C) inferior oblique
D) superior rectus
E) medial rectus

Question 53

The lacrimal glands

A) are located in pockets in the lacrimal bones.
B) produce only about 20% of the volume of tears.
C) produce a slightly acidic secretion that contains lysozyme.
D) have a dozen or more ducts.
E) function only intermittently.

Question 54

The ciliary muscle helps to

A) control the amount of light reaching the retina.
B) pull the lens into a more rounded shape.
C) control the production of aqueous humor.
D) move the eyeball.
E) produce the vitreous body.

Question 55

When viewing an object in close distance, the lens should be more

A) rounded.
B) flattened.
C) convex.
D) lateral.
E) medial.

Question 56

The transparent anterior portion of the eye is called the

A) cornea.
B) retina.
C) conjunctiva.
D) lens.
E) choroid.

Question 57

The abducens nerve innervates which extrinsic eye muscle?

A) superior oblique
B) medial rectus
C) inferior oblique
D) superior rectus
E) lateral rectus

Question 58

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure C is the

A) choroid.
B) iris.
C) sclera.
D) ciliary body.
E) lens.

Question 59

A blind spot in the retina occurs

A) at the fovea.
B) where ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells.
C) at the optic disc.
D) where rod cells are clustered to form the macula.
E) where amacrine cells are located.

Question 60

Treatment of a cataract usually involves removal of the

A) cornea.
B) iris.
C) lens.
D) sclera.
E) vitreous humor.

Question 61

Structure S is the

A) nasolacrimal duct.
B) lacrimal pore.
C) lacrimal sac.
D) lacrimal gland.
E) lacrimal canal.

Question 62

Which structure contains neurons?

A) G
B) H
C) B
D) Y
E) N

Question 63

Structure L is the

A) ciliary body.
B) pupil.
C) lacrimal canal.
D) macula.
E) optic disc.

Question 64

Structure O is the

A) optic disc.
B) fovea.
C) blood vessels.
D) ocular muscle.
E) optic nerve.

Question 65

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure H is the

A) retina.
B) sclera.
C) choroid.
D) ciliary body.
E) cornea.

Question 66

Structure Q is the

A) lacrimal sac.
B) iris.
C) ciliary zonule.
D) ciliary muscle.
E) ciliary body.

Question 67

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure L is the

A) optic nerve.
B) optic disc.
C) choroid.
D) fovea.
E) lacrimal pore.

Question 68

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure G is the

A) retina.
B) sclera.
C) choroid.
D) ciliary body.
E) cornea.

Question 69

Aqueous humor fluid is produced at

A) Q.
B) V.
C) D.
D) I.
E) O.

Question 70

What is located within this chamber marked U?

A) vitreous humor
B) aqueous humor
C) plasma
D) lymph
E) saline

Question 71

Which structure focuses light rays?

A) Y
B) D
C) L
D) O
E) X

Question 72

Structure P is the

A) medial rectus muscle.
B) lateral rectus muscle.
C) retina.
D) choroid.
E) superior oblique muscle.

Question 73

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
When the muscle labeled P contracts, the eye moves

A) superiorly.
B) laterally.
C) medially.
D) inferiorly.
E) in a circular fashion.

Question 74

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure E is the

A) iris.
B) fovea.
C) cornea.
D) conjunctiva.
E) sclera.

Question 75

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure I is the

A) choroid.
B) sclera.
C) ciliary layer.
D) retina.
E) fovea.

Question 76

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
What is located within the chamber marked J?

A) saline
B) aqueous humor
C) plasma
D) vitreous humor
E) lymph

Question 77

Structure Y is the

A) lens.
B) cornea.
C) pupil.
D) choroid.
E) optic canal.

Question 78

Figure 9-1 Horizontal Dissection of the Right Eye
Use Figure 9-1 to identify the labeled part.
Structure K is the

A) lateral rectus muscle.
B) medial rectus muscle.
C) lateral oblique muscle.
D) medial oblique muscle.
E) lacrimal caruncle.

Question 79

Photoreceptors are located in

A) G.
B) H.
C) I.
D) N.
E) O.

Question 80

Structure R is the

A) lacrimal sac.
B) iris.
C) ciliary zonule.
D) ciliary muscle.
E) ciliary body.