Deck 10: Diversity in Death Rituals

Question 1

Compared with the American funeral service at the beginning of the 20th century,Puritan funeral services were more elaborate and sentimental.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Embalming was a common practice in colonial America.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Mourning behaviors are relatively free from gender influences.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The manifest social function of the funeral is to create a social gathering that fosters family unity.

Question 5

The similarities between cultures are often greater than the differences.

Question 6

Modern methods of embalming were developed in the United States in the 19th century.

Question 7

The Egyptian embalming process was a secret method of preservation.

Question 8

The first embalming took place more than 1,000 years before Christ.

Question 9

The Egyptian process of embalming required 70 days to perform.

Question 10

Crying is a universal grief behavior that is found in nearly all societies of the world.

Question 11

The Bible records the fact that physicians embalmed the body of the Hebrew patriarch Jacob.

Question 12

One of the functions of social rituals is to intensify emotions so that the group will intensely share a particular sentiment.

Question 13

During the Victorian era Americans wore mourning clothes as one method for extending the period of lamentation.

Question 14

Rituals assist individuals in the process of transforming their identities.

Question 15

In most non-Western societies,death is seen more as an event than a process,where the deceased person is ushered into the realm of the spirits.

Question 16

Romanticism and sentimentalism fostered a more elaborate American funeral ritual where "therapeutic self-indulgence" was encouraged.

Question 17

A concept of soul and immortality is not found in most societies.

Question 18

Societies encourage both expressions of sadness and joy in their mourning rituals.

Question 19

"Jazz funerals"- dancing in defiance of death-sometimes take place in New Orleans.

Question 20

Against the background of death,life becomes transparent and fundamental social and cultural issues are revealed.

Question 21

One weeps at the death of a significant other only because of sadness.

Question 22

Mechanisms have been developed in most societies to control the anger of the bereaved and to channel it along nondestructive paths.

Question 23

The Day of the Dead is celebrated in Mexico on October 31.

Question 24

A bier is something used for cleansing a corpse in preparing for burial.

Question 25

A ceremony centering around transitions in life from one status to another is called a rite of passage.

Question 26

"Manifest function" refers to consequences of behavior that are hidden and unintended.

Question 27

The practice by the Yanomamo Indians of eating the ashes of the deceased in order to charge a warrior up prior to going into battle is known as endocannibalism.

Question 28

Anthropologist Radcliffe-Brown argued that those participating in ceremonial weeping come to feel emotion that is not sorrow but togetherness.

Question 29

The Islamic and Christian traditions forbid cremation as a legitimate method of body disposition.

Question 30

A bier is often consumed to help people forget their grief and sadness.

Question 31

Women tend to cry and self-mutilate during bereavement more than men.

Question 32

Rituals can only have positive functions,never negative functions.

Question 33

For the Kapauku Papuans of West New Guinea,burial rites are determined by the deceased's status and cause of the death.

Question 34

In some societies one's rank or status in the community or village may determine the final disposition of the remains.

Question 35

The Christian tradition discourages the practice of embalming.

Question 36

A combustible pile for burning a corpse at a funeral rite is called a pyre.

Question 37

In most societies it is encouraged that someone be with the dying at the time of death.

Question 38

In most societies the body is usually cleaned after death.

Question 39

Orthodox Jews and Muslims will attempt to bury their dead within 24 hours of the death.

Question 40

To "exhume" means to remove a corpse from its place of burial.

Question 41

Which of the following is not an example of a rite of passage?

A)Marriage ceremony
B)Graduation ceremony
C)Sports awards ceremony
D)Funeral
E)None of the above.

Question 42

Which is not included among the functions of rituals?

A)Validation and reinforcement of values
B)Reassurance and feelings of security
C)Reinforcement of group ties
D)Restabilizing patterns of interaction
E)Contributing to psychological tensions

Question 43

Cremation is the preferred form of body disposition for __________.

A)Jews
B)Muslims
C)Hindus
D)Buddhists
E)Both c and d

Question 44

To remove a corpse from its place of burial is known as

A)interment.
B)levirate.
C)exhuming.
D)pyre removal.
E)none of the above.

Question 45

A combustible pile for burning a corpse at a funeral rite is a __________.

A)bier
B)cremation platform
C)pyre
D)levirate
E)None of the above.

Question 46

A framework upon which the corpse or casket is placed for viewing /or carrying is a __________.

A)pyre
B)bier
C)cadaver
D)pall holder
E)dibble

Question 47

Which of these statements regarding the practice of embalming the dead body is False?

A)Modern methods of embalming were developed in the 19th century in the United States.
B)Not all funeral directors are permitted to embalm a body.
C)Eighty percent of all bodies are embalmed before final disposition in the United States.
D)None of the above.

Question 48

A professional generally prepares the corpse for final disposition in the United States,but this is not universally .Discuss the importance of the family being involved in preparing the body for final disposition.

Question 49

The practice of eating the ashes of the deceased in order to charge one up for warfare and to display friendship and solidarity is called

A)cremain chewing.
B)endocannibalism.
C)exhuming.
D)usufruct.
E)None of the above.

Question 50

Which of these statements regarding historical practices outside the United States is True?

A)Anthropologists have discovered a few civilizations where the people do not recognize death with a funeral.
B)The Bible records the fact that physicians embalmed the body of the Hebrew patriarch Jacob.
C)The Egyptian embalming process was a secret method of preservation.
D)None of the above.

Question 51

That which is left after cremation is called__________.

A)leftovers
B)ashes
C)cremains
D)cryonics
E)pyrmains

Question 52

Which religious tradition has some food ritual after the funeral as a rite of reincorporation for the religious community?

A)Jewish
B)Islamic
C)Hindu
D)Buddhist
E)All of the above.

Question 53

Which of these statements regarding the practice of embalming the dead body is False?

A)The first embalming took place more than 1,000 years before Christ.
B)The Egyptian process of embalming required 70 days to perform.
C)Embalming was a common practice in colonial America.
D)None of the above.

Question 54

Hindu funerals are very important religious ceremonies and are relatively costly for families.

Question 55

Which of these statements regarding cremation practices in the United States is False?

A)Cremation is always less expensive than earth burial because one does not have the expense of a cemetery lot and the funeral service.
B)Approximately one-half of funerals in the United States involve cremation.
C)When a body is cremated,the remains look very much like ashes that can be found in a fireplace.
D)All of the above.

Question 56

Which of the following is the most popular means of disposition in the United States?

A)Entombment
B)Cremation
C)Earth burial
D)Burial at sea

Question 57

________ is where "jazz funerals" sometimes take place-dancing in defiance of death.

A)New York City
B)Chicago
C)New Orleans
D)San Francisco
E)Dallas

Question 58

Which of the following religious traditions symbolically begins its mourning ritual by the rending (tearing)of garments.

A)Jewish
B)Christian
C)Islamic
D)Hindu
E)Buddhist

Question 59

Rite of passage is a theoretical concept developed by which social scientist?

A)Durkheim
B)Van Gennep
C)Malinowski
D)Radcliffe-Brown