Question 1

Total airway obstruction is most often produced by the ________ in an unconscious patient.&#10;A)tonsils&#10;B)tongue&#10;C)epiglottis&#10;D)soft palate

Accepted Answer

When a patient is unconscious, the muscles of the tongue and throat can relax and fall back, causing obstruction of the airway. The tonsils, epiglottis, and soft palate can also contribute to airway obstruction, but they are less common causes in an unconscious patient.

Question 2

Signs of epinephrine overdose include:&#10;A)tachycardia&#10;B)pallor&#10;C)elevated blood pressure&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

A and C

Question 3

At what time during the dental &#34;experience&#34; do most medical emergency situations develop?&#10;A)just before treatment&#10;B)during or immediately following administration of local anesthetic&#10;C)during dental treatment&#10;D)after treatment,in the office&#10;E)after leaving the dental office

Accepted Answer

Most medical emergencies in a dental setting occur during or immediately following the administration of local anesthetic, often due to the anxiety or physiological reactions related to the anesthetic itself.

Question 4

The highest occurrence category for vasodepressor syncope is:&#10;A)elderly males over age 65&#10;B)middle-aged males age 40 to 65&#10;C)males from late teens to late 30s&#10;D)males age 6 and 12

Accepted Answer

Vasodepressor syncope is most commonly seen in males from late teens to late 30s, with a peak incidence in the early 20s. It is less common in females and in elderly males. It is also rare in children under age 6 and over age 12.

Question 5

Placing an unconscious patient into a supine position leads to rapid improvement for a patient with:&#10;A)drug overdose&#10;B)vasodepressor syncope&#10;C)allergy&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

Placing an unconscious patient into a supine position helps improve blood flow to the brain and vital organs, which is particularly important in patients with vasodepressor syncope, where there is a temporary drop in blood pressure leading to fainting. It is not necessarily the best choice for other conditions such as drug overdose or allergy, where specific treatments may be necessary.

Question 6

Over __% of deaths from anaphylaxis occur in patients over 19 years of age.&#10;A)25&#10;B)50&#10;C)75&#10;D)90

Accepted Answer

Over 90% of deaths from anaphylaxis occur in patients over 19 years of age.

Question 7

Allergy most often presents as:&#10;A)stomach upset&#10;B)a skin reaction&#10;C)tachycardia&#10;D)bradycardia

Accepted Answer

Allergy most commonly presents as a skin reaction, such as hives or rash. While stomach upset and changes in heart rate can occur as a result of severe allergic reactions, they are not the most common presentation.

Question 8

Urticaria and pruritus indicate:&#10;A)a toxic reaction&#10;B)an idiosyncrasy&#10;C)an allergic reaction&#10;D)anxiety

Accepted Answer

Urticaria (hives) and pruritus (itching) are both commonly associated with allergic reactions. They may be caused by the release of histamine and other chemicals in response to an allergen. Toxic reactions and idiosyncrasies can also cause skin symptoms, but they are not as commonly associated with hives and itching. Anxiety can also cause itching, but it is not typically associated with hives.

Question 9

Signs and symptoms that appear _____ drug administration most probably represent allergy.&#10;A)just before&#10;B)during&#10;C)after

Accepted Answer

Signs and symptoms that appear after drug administration most probably represent allergy. Allergic reactions to drugs can occur immediately after administration or can be delayed, but typically do not happen during drug administration.

Question 10

________ results in an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.&#10;A)Local anesthetic overdose&#10;B)Epinephrine overdose&#10;C)An allergic reaction&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine is a hormone that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, which results in an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. An overdose of epinephrine can lead to excessive stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, causing a dangerous increase in heart rate and blood pressure.

Deck 25: Drug-Related Emergencies: Differential Diagnosis