Question 1

A general principle of toxicology is that no drug ever exerts a single action.All chemicals exert many actions,some desirable and others undesirable.&#10;A)Both statements are true&#10;B)Both statements are false&#10;C)The first statement is true,the second statement is false&#10;D)The first statement is false,the second statement is true

Accepted Answer

This is a well-established principle in toxicology that applies not only to drugs but to all chemicals. Chemicals can exert multiple effects on the body, including both desirable (therapeutic) and undesirable (toxic) effects. Therefore, it is important to assess the benefits and risks of a chemical before exposing living organisms to it.

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common method by which drugs may produce ADRs?&#10;A)direct extension of a drug's pharmacologic actions&#10;B)deleterious effect on a chemically,genetically,metabolically,or morphologically altered recipient&#10;C)initiation of an immune response&#10;D)none of the above

Accepted Answer

The most common method by which drugs may produce adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is through a direct extension of their pharmacologic actions, meaning the side effects are often predictable based on the known actions of the drug.

Question 3

Reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs)in medical literature account for _________ % of all hospital admissions.&#10;A)1% to 5%&#10;B)3% to 5%&#10;C)3% to 20%&#10;D)40%

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that reports of ADRs in medical literature account for 3% to 20% of all hospital admissions. This highlights the importance of monitoring and reporting ADRs in order to improve patient safety and reduce the burden of preventable harm.

Question 4

Which of the following are nonopioid analgesics used in the dental office?&#10;A)acetaminophen&#10;B)codeine&#10;C)aspirin&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen and aspirin are both nonopioid analgesics that are commonly used in the dental office. Codeine is an opioid and is not a nonopioid analgesic.

Question 5

_______________ are dentistry's most commonly used drugs.&#10;A)Analgesics&#10;B)Antibiotics&#10;C)Antianxiety agents&#10;D)Local anesthetics

Accepted Answer

Local anesthetics are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry as they are used to numb the area during procedures. Analgesics, antibiotics, and antianxiety agents are also frequently used in dentistry, but not as commonly as local anesthetics.

Question 6

Overdose of opioid analgesics is associated with:&#10;A)tachycardia&#10;B)orthostatic hypotension&#10;C)tardive dyskinesia&#10;D)respiratory depression

Accepted Answer

Overdose of opioid analgesics can cause respiratory depression, which can lead to a decrease in oxygen levels and ultimately result in respiratory arrest. Tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension may be side effects of opioids, but they are not typically associated with overdose. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder that is not caused by opioid overdose.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is/are true of allergy?&#10;A)An allergy requires previous exposure&#10;B)An individual develops antibodies to a foreign antigen&#10;C)An individual develops antigens to a foreign antibody&#10;D)A and B&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

Allergies require previous exposure to an allergen for the immune system to react (A), and the reaction involves the individual developing antibodies to the foreign antigen (B), not antigens to a foreign antibody (C).

Question 8

The major cause of drug-related emergency situations in the dental office is the administration of:&#10;A)antibiotics&#10;B)aspirin&#10;C)local anesthetics&#10;D)codeine

Accepted Answer

Local anesthetics are the major cause of drug-related emergency situations in the dental office. Allergic reactions to local anesthetics may occur, as well as systemic toxicity if an excessive amount is administered or if the patient is not metabolizing the drug effectively. Antibiotics, aspirin, and codeine are not typically associated with emergency situations in the dental office.

Question 9

Which of the following are parenteral routes of drug administration?&#10;A)intranasal&#10;B)submucosal&#10;C)inhalation&#10;D)A,B,and C&#10;E)A and C

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following are parenteral routes...

Question 10

The greatest potential for serious ADRs is with the _______ route of drug administration.&#10;A)IM&#10;B)IV&#10;C)transdermal&#10;D)submucosal

Accepted Answer

The IV route delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream, which can rapidly increase drug concentrations and increase the risk of serious ADRs. This is why IV drugs are typically given slowly and with close monitoring.

Question 11

Ester-type local anesthetics are used _____________ in the dental office.&#10;A)topically but not parenterally&#10;B)parenterally but not topically&#10;C)both topically and parenterally&#10;D)neither topically nor parenterally

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ester-type local anesthetics are used _____________ in...

Question 12

Most ADRs are related to:&#10;A)side effects&#10;B)overdose&#10;C)local toxic effects&#10;D)allergy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most ADRs are related to:&#10;A)side effects&#10;B)overdose&#10;C)local toxic...

Deck 22: Drug-Related Emergencies: General Considerations