Deck 7: Byzantium and Islam

Question 1

__________ is a philosophy concerned with human beings,their achievements,and interests.

A) Humanism
B) Christianity
C) Orthodoxy
D) Classicism
E) Byzantium

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Caliph Abu Bakr encouraged __________ to expand the religion of Islam.

A) missionary work
B) scholarship
C) art
D) holy struggle
E) theatre

Answer 2

D

Question 3

__________ was the most influential person besides the emperor during the rule of Justinian.

A) Procopius
B) Caesar
C) Nika
D) Theodora
E) Theodoric

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In medieval times,the city of __________ best preserved the classical tradition.

A) Athens
B) Rome
C) Paris
D) London
E) Constantinople

Question 5

The genre of __________ literature grew out of monasticism.

A) devotional
B) mystical
C) funerary
D) meditation
E) monkish

Question 6

Orthodoxy differs from Catholicism by focusing on a __________ communion with God.

A) community
B) afterlife
C) personal
D) familial
E) artistic

Question 7

__________ refers to a Muslim's sacred pilgrimage to Mecca.

A) Muezzin
B) Minaret
C) Hajj
D) Sunnite
E) Zalaat

Question 8

The name "Muhammad" means __________.

A) Messiah
B) Angel
C) Praised One
D) Son of God
E) Savior

Question 9

The Orthodox Church asserts that God's __________ provide active principles in human life.

A) letters
B) appearances
C) energies
D) angels
E) apostles

Question 10

The fall of the Roman Empire occurred in the year __________.

A) 411
B) 330
C) 395
D) 476
E) 732

Question 11

Byzantium was a sacked by the __________ in 1204.

A) Ottoman Empire
B) Visigoths
C) Petchenegs
D) Crusaders
E) Scots

Question 12

A(n)__________ is a large niche or niche-like space projecting from and expanding the interior space of a building.

A) Nave
B) Cornice
C) Apse
D) Hajj
E) Proscenium

Question 13

__________ are images depicting the saints,the blessed Virgin,and God himself.

A) Stigmata
B) Illuminations
C) Icons
D) Paterfamilias
E) Ecloga

Question 14

The Roman emperor __________ made Byzantium his new capital.

A) Augustus
B) Caesar
C) Constantine
D) Theodosius
E) Justinian

Question 15

__________ is a decorative work for walls,vaults,floors,or ceilings,composed of pieces of colored material set in plaster or cement.

A) Hajj
B) Apse
C) Nave
D) Mosaic
E) Collage

Question 16

Art taken by Venetians during the sack of Constantinople became the inspiration for the __________.

A) Gothic
B) Early Gothic
C) Romanesque
D) Renaissance
E) Reformation

Question 17

__________ is the adherence to the accepted,traditional,and established religious faith.

A) Christianity
B) Hieratic
C) Monasticism
D) Humanism
E) Orthodoxy

Question 18

The __________ demanded the removal of icons from Orthodox churches,on grounds that they were in fact idols.

A) clergy
B) Muslims
C) Visigoths
D) iconoclasts
E) iconophiles

Question 19

Early in its history,Islam split between Sunnites and __________.

A) Sufis
B) Shiites
C) hajjs
D) Muhammads
E) Allahites

Question 20

In the East,nearly all subject matter was __________.

A) abstract
B) secular
C) entertaining
D) religious
E) mythological

Question 21

The __________ was the first major example of Islamic architecture.

A) Pammakaristos
B) Dome of the Rock
C) Temple of Muhammad
D) Great Mosque
E) none of the above

Question 22

Anna Comnena was perhaps the most important writer of __________ in the Byzantine era.

Question 23

The Hagia Sophia has the largest __________ ever created.

A) proscenium
B) pendentive
C) apse
D) dome
E) nave

Question 24

Modern readers are often struck at the Byzantine distaste for __________ and their preference for elaboration on tradition.

Question 25

Although no music manuscripts exist from the Byzantine era,we are still familiar with the type of hymn called __________,based on the sixth-century hymns.

A) kanones
B) echoi
C) eight-form
D) plainsong
E) pantomime

Question 26

Unlike painting in the West,icons did not __________ biblical events.

A) ignore
B) simplify
C) illustrate
D) alter
E) define

Question 27

__________ is the description of the lives of saints.

A) Eschatology
B) Hermeneutics
C) Hagiography
D) Ecclesiast
E) Transubstantiation

Question 28

The ascetic poems of Abu al-'Atahiyah,collected in the __________,are the basis of his reputation as a poet.

Question 29

"The Qu'ran" means "__________" in Arabic.

Question 30

The Qur'an is composed of 114 __________,or chapters.

Question 31

The four __________ were added to the Hagia Sophia by the conquering Muslims.

A) clerestory windows
B) mosaics
C) vaults
D) ambulatories
E) minarets

Question 32

After the sack of Constantinople,many Greek scholars brought humanism to __________.

A) Spain
B) France
C) Low Countries
D) Italy
E) none of these

Question 33

The Church-controlled format of icons encouraged __________.

A) creativity
B) regularity
C) individuality
D) invention
E) narrative

Question 34

In the early years of Islam,music was considered a "__________ pleasure."

Question 35

Another word for a halo is __________.

A) hajj
B) illumination
C) deëis
D) nimbus
E) mosaic

Question 36

The bulk of Byzantine literature is in the category of __________.

Question 37

__________ of the Qur'an have traditionally been forbidden,and when produced have been seen as only paraphrases of the actual text.

Question 38

Stylistically,Byzantine icons derive from __________ funeral portraits of the second century C.E.

A) Greek
B) Roman
C) Egyptian
D) Early Christian
E) pagan

Question 39

__________ script is one of the earliest and most decorative Arabic calligraphy styles.

Question 40

A(n)__________ places all the separate stories within a larger framework,as in The Arabian Nights.

Question 41

The "holy struggle" encouraged by Caliph Abu Bakr is referred to as __________.

Question 42

Which ivory carving includes depictions of emissaries from the West and from India?

Question 43

The two sacred cities of Islam are Mecca and __________.

Question 44

Byzantine emperors were seen as divinely sanctioned by God.

Question 45

How was Byzantine art signed?

Question 46

The goal of hieratic style is to represent real life.

Question 47

What were the two highest forms of study in Byzantine intellectual life?

Question 48

What was the layout of the typical Byzantine church?

Question 49

Small-scale relief sculpture in ivory and metal are the primary Byzantine sculpture types.

Question 50

Which Byzantine medium was more important for wall art than painting?

Question 51

Byzantine art was a short-lived phenomenon.

Question 52

"Orthodoxy" means __________ and rests on the concept of unerring authority of the dogma established by the seven General Ecumenical Councils of the early Christian Church.

Question 53

The Muslim calendar begins on the date in 622 C.E.in which __________ fled to Medina.

Question 54

Byzantine art is easily dated and stylistic developments are mostly understood.

Question 55

The fifth century barbarians quickly invaded the Eastern Empire.

Question 56

Depictions of humans and animals are actually common in the courts of the caliphs.

Question 57

The content of Byzantine art focuses on human figures.

Question 58

The city of Byzantium,later Constantinople,is today called __________.

Question 59

Constantine imported mosaic artists to his new capital from Western Europe.

Question 60

Works of Byzantine art often picture the hierarchy of state and religion,with Christ at the top.

Question 61

Select an example of Byzantine art.What can it tell us about Byzantine culture? Base your analysis on specific visual characteristics,such as the rich materials and the subject matter.

Question 62

Discuss the role of literature in Islamic culture.What are its connections to the pre-Islamic past and what does it tell us about the society of its time? (You may pick one or two examples to make your argument more clear.)

Question 63

Iconoclasm is found in both Christianity and Islam.Discuss its historical role in each religion,and suggest some reasons why people might fear or repress images.