Deck 11: An Eye to the Future

Question 1

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a key property of motivational goals?

A)Their satisfaction should affect pursuit or avoidance of objects that fulfil or threaten the goals.
B)They should weaken the more they are unfulfilled.
C)If one method for goal fulfilment is blocked.people should tend to find another way.
D)If several methods for goal fulfilment are blocked.the motive should increase in intensity.

Answer 1

They should weaken the more they are unfulfilled.

Question 2

Which of the following statements accurately describes the sleeper effect?

A)It arises in a complex set of circumstances.
B)It depends on people forgetting a flaw that is linked to a message faster than the gist of the message.
C)Early evidence was not statistically reliable.
D)all of these

Answer 2

all of these

Question 3

According to Breckler (2004).what is one potential limitation of current perspectives on attitude structure?

A)There is a lack of information on how structure varies between emotional and cognitive attitudes.
B)There is a lack of information on individual differences in attitude structure.
C)Theories of attitude structure fail to recognize neurological processes.
D)Attitudes may subsume many evaluations.which are not reflected in the debate between bidimensionality and unidimensionality.

Answer 3

Attitudes may subsume many evaluations.which are not reflected in the debate between bidimensionality and unidimensionality.

Question 4

Which statement below describes synergism within attitudes?

A)the tendency for beliefs and expectancies to become consistent over time
B)the tendency for cognitive.affective.and behavioral information to influence each other
C)the tendency for related attitudes to become consistent over time
D)the tendency for emotions to precede cognitions

Question 5

Drawing on Armitage and Conner's (2000)evidence that ambivalence affects the magnitude of relations between attitudes and behavior.which of the following statements is more likely to be correct?

A) Ambivalent attitudes serve a social adjustive function.
B) Ambivalent attitudes serve a utilitarian function
C) Ambivalent attitudes are less likely to serve a value-expressive function
D) Ambivalent attitudes are less likely to serve a knowledge function.

Question 6

In a study of how feelings of ambivalence influence behavior.Durso.Briñol.and Petty (2016)investigated the effects of power prior to measuring tendencies toward action vs inaction.What did they find?

A)Feeling powerful led to more action than feeling powerless when participants had been given univalent (compared to ambivalent)information about the task at hand.
B)Feeling powerful led to more inaction than feeling powerless when participants had been given ambivalent information about the task.
C)Feeling powerful neither led to more action than feeling powerless when participants had been given univalent (compared to ambivalent)information about the task at hand nor led to more inaction than feeling powerless when participants had been given ambivalent information about the task.
D)Feeling powerful led to more action than feeling powerless when participants had been given univalent (compared to ambivalent)information about the task at hand but more inaction than feeling powerless when participants had been given ambivalent information about the task.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A)There are direct tests enabling us to verify whether current theories of attitude function cover all relevant motives.
B)Attitudes might serve a psychological need for consistency.
C)Attitudes might serve a combination of different functions simultaneously.
D)Interventions that change attitudes might also shape the psychological functions of the attitudes.

Question 8

Which statement(s)is (are)correct?

A)Online attitude formation presupposes the existence of an accessible attitude in one's cognitive system.
B)Online attitude formation leads to relatively strong attitudes compared to memory-based attitudes.
C)Online attitude formation leads to biased processing.
D)all of these

Question 9

The idea that emotion is of primary importance in attitudes is broadly consistent with which of the following domains of study?

A)analyses of the role of emotion in impression formation
B)analyses of the role of emotion in values and moral judgment
C)analyses of the role of emotion in online processing
D)all of these

Question 10

Which of the following statements is consistent with Bizer.Tormala.Rucker.and Petty's (2006)examination of attitude strength?

A)Attitudes are stronger following memory-based processing of information than following online processing of information.
B)Attitudes are weaker following memory-based processing of information than following online processing of information.
C)Attitudes are equally strong following memory-based processing of information than following online processing of information.
D)none of these

Question 11

Suppose you fancy someone.but also value the person as a friend.and you must decide whether to ask the person on a date.Which attitude formation process below would be in line with a functional approach to attitudes?

A)forming an affect-based versus a cognition-based attitude toward a possible date
B)forming an online versus memory-based attitude toward a possible date
C)developing an ambivalent attitude toward a possible date
D)forming an attitude through peripheral route processing

Question 12

Which statement below sums up the relationship between evaluative-cognitive inconsistency and potential ambivalence?

A)They are weakly negatively correlated.
B)They are strongly negatively correlated.but only when ambivalence is measured using implicit-explicit discrepancies.
C)There can be little association between them.
D)There are strongly positively correlated.but only when looking at ambivalence in emotions.

Question 13

Charlie campaigns for the Red Cross and can give a dozen reasons why people should donate blood.but he does not donate because he once fainted at the sight of blood.According to Cacioppo et al.(1997).Charlie's behavior could be further evidence that ______.

A) attitudes are bidimensional
B) attitudes are more swayed by emotion than by cognition
C) attitudes are more swayed by direct experience than by cognition
D) negatively valenced reactions tend to be stronger determinants of attitude than positive ones

Question 14

Which of the following statements describe important issues in the use of attitudes research in social marketing?

A)Social marketing interventions need to consider whether the relevant findings tackled issues relevant to values and the self-concept.
B)Social marketing interventions need to consider whether the relevant findings were applicable beyond student populations.
C)Social marketing interventions need to consider whether the relevant findings tackled issues relevant to utilitarian outcomes.
D)Social marketing interventions need to consider whether the relevant findings were applicable beyond student populations and whether the relevant findings tackled issues relevant to utilitarian outcomes.

Question 15

In the future.theoretical and empirical analyses of attitude change may need to consider failures ______.

A)to adequately control for prior attitude in most prior experiments
B)to address individual difference confounds
C)to consider effects on properties of attitude other than attitude valence
D)to address individual difference confounds and to consider effects on properties of attitude other than attitude valence