Deck 11: Cartilage Healing

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cartilage erosion?

A) Trauma
B) Infection
C) Shearing loads
D) Immobilization
E) Continuous passive motion (CPM)

Answer 1

Continuous passive motion (CPM)

Question 2

Which of the following terms is defined as the intrinsic cartilage repair?

A) Chondromalacia
B) Chondrogenesis
C) Hydrophilic
D) Angiogenesis

Answer 2

Chondrogenesis

Question 3

Which of the following is the first stage of articular cartilage degeneration?

A) Blistering of articular surface
B) Fissuring of articular surface
C) Fibrillation
D) Splitting

Answer 3

Fibrillation

Question 4

What procedure involves a two-step procedure to harvest articular cartilage,culture the material in the laboratory,and then patch the cartilage?

A) Débridement
B) Microfracture
C) Arthroscopic osteochondral autografts
D) Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI)

Question 5

Why do superficial articular cartilage defects not heal as well as deeper cartilage injuries?

A) They lack the blood vessels needed to deliver the cells in the inflammatory response
B) Superficial defects are not as serious and therefore do not have the strong inflammatory response deeper injuries receive
C) Superficial defects do heal as well as deeper cartilage injuries
D) Chondrocytes adhere to the superficial defects better than the deeper injuries

Question 6

Which cartilage zone is composed of calcified cartilage made up mainly of cells,cartilage,matrix,and inorganic salts?

A) Superficial
B) Middle/transitional
C) Deep
D) Deepest

Question 7

Which joint disease seems to respond to injections of hyaluronic acid to reduce inflammation?

A) Degenerative disk disease
B) Psoriatic arthritis
C) Osteoarthritis
D) Knee replacements

Question 8

Which of the following treatments does NOT stimulate cartilage repair?

A) Reduced stair climbing,squats,walking
B) Isometric exercises
C) Limited weight-bearing activities
D) CPM
E) Ice and heat

Question 9

Why is it difficult to impossible for articular cartilage to heal itself?

A) Articular cartilage has the wrong type of collagen to stimulate its own healing
B) Articular cartilage is an avascular cartilage that produces a limited vascular inflammatory response
C) The vascular inflammatory response overwhelms the articular cartilage and prevents intrinsic healing
D) None of the above

Question 10

How does cartilage receive its nutrients?

A) Through normal joint motion causing fluid movement and through diffusion or convection
B) Through the normal blood supply to the knee
C) From the blood supply to the synovial fluid
D) Through the cartilage artery

Question 11

Which of the following is the last stage of articular cartilage degeneration?

A) Blistering of articular surface
B) Fraying of articular cartilage
C) Splitting
D) Fibrillation

Question 12

Which of the following meniscus tears typically occurs with the older population?

A) Intraarticular fibrocartilage tears
B) Degenerative meniscal tears
C) Glenoid labrum detachment
D) All of the above

Question 13

What is the zone category for a meniscus tear where one portion is torn within the vascularized area and the other portion is in a nonvascularized area?

A) Zone I
B) Zone II
C) Zone III
D) Zone IV

Question 14

Which of the following synovial joints contain fibrocartilage?

A) Shoulder and knee
B) Elbow and wrist
C) Hip
D) A and C only

Question 15

Which cartilage zone is composed of water and parallel,highly organized collagen fibrils?

A) Superficial
B) Middle/transitional
C) Deep
D) Deepest

Question 16

What is the repair required for a meniscus injury that is called white-on-white?

A) Surgical repair
B) Partial or total meniscectomy
C) Immobilization
D) Débridement and microfracture

Question 17

Which type of collagen is the majority of articular cartilage composed of?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type V
D) Type VI

Question 18

What is articular cartilage repair using microfracture?

A) The surgeon deeply fractures the cartilage to stimulate the inflammatory response
B) The surgeon aggrades or fractures multiple small holes in the cartilage layers down to the bone to stimulate bleeding and initiate the healing process
C) This is a nonsurgical procedure that delivers saline lavage to the irritated joint
D) None of the above

Question 19

What is the effect of immobilization on cartilage?

A) There is no effect of immobilization on cartilage
B) Immobilization encourages cartilage to heal and repair itself
C) Immobilization has profound negative effects on cartilage healing
D) None of the above

Question 20

Which of the following terms is defined as softening of hyaline cartilage?

A) Chondromalacia
B) Chondrogenesis
C) Hydrophilic
D) Angiogenesis