Deck 6: Imperial Rome, 31 Bc-Ad284

Question 1

The principate refers to

A)the principle of succession to the empire
B)the transition between republic and empire
C)the period from Augustus to the death of Marcus Aurelius
D)the rule of Augustus alone
E)the rule of the "Good Emperors"

Answer 1

the period from Augustus to the death of Marcus Aurelius

Question 2

Being both astute and infinitely diplomatic, which of the following was not used by Octavian (Augustus)to avoid a second Ides of March?

A)In acquiring his office, most of his enemies had been killed.
B)He lived long enough to consolidate his rule.
C)He avoided such terms as emperor or dictator.
D)He was able to hold office without monopolizing power.
E)The Roman military was used as both a threat and as a terrorizing segment of his government.

Answer 2

The Roman military was used as both a threat and as a terrorizing segment of his government.

Question 3

What was the Third-Century Crisis? Explain how Rome could descend from peace and prosperity to a century of troubles that threatened the very existence of the empire.

Answer 3

Key to a successful answer is the identification of trends and lingering problems, as well as of accidental occurrences such as Marcus Aurelius's succession by Commodus.

Question 4

All of the following were effects of Julio-Claudian government except

A)The oppression of the Old Nobility
B)The Marginalization of the Senate
C)Good government under a skilled bureaucracy
D)Brutal politics in the imperial family
E)A decline in the military power of the empire

Question 5

Much has been written, filmed, and portrayed about the gladiators and the arenas of Rome.Aside from the gory side of the games, did the arena symbolize other aspects of the Roman Empire?

Question 6

In what way did Tacitus' views differ from Augustus' own perspective of his achievements? What does this say about the public perception of the ruling office? How has this changed¾if at all¾from when Rome was a Republic?

Question 7

Summarize the life of Jesus Christ and the early spread of Christianity.Why did the Romans persecute Christians and not Jews?

Question 8

What were some features of Romanization throughout the Roman Empire?

Question 9

Which is not one of the Julio-Claudian Emperors?

A)Titus
B)Nero
C)Caligula
D)Tiberius
E)Augustus

Question 10

Which is not one of Virgil's works?

A)Metamorphoses
B)Aeneid
C)Georgics
D)Eclogues
E)None of these is a work of Virgil

Question 11

What was the purpose of deification?

A)To make sure trade routes were open
B)To honor the Caesars by giving them divine honors after death, and solidify the political rule of the emperors
C)To more easily raise a conscript army
D)To validate laws passed by the senate
E)To standardize the calendar

Question 12

Which major public work in Rome was not effected during Augustus' rule?

A)The Theater of Marcellus
B)The Coliseum
C)The Pantheon
D)The Ara Pacis
E)The Baths of Agrippa

Question 13

For the urban poor, Augustus provided

A)very little help.
B)public works programs, free grain, and entertainment.
C)more debtors' prisons.
D)conscription into the army.
E)free land on the frontiers.

Question 14

To defend the imperial borders, Augustus

A)increased the number of soldiers on all frontiers.
B)used a combination of negotiation, buffer states, and local concentrations of troops.
C)continued to expand them dramatically.
D)abandoned the African provinces.
E)created Roman colonies peopled by retired soldiers and the urban poor.

Question 15

Discuss the position of women in the Roman Empire as presented in the chapter.How does it compare with that of women in earlier ages?

Question 16

The reign of Augustus is considered

A)a golden age for Rome.
B)the low point of Roman history.
C)a time of civil war and economic decline.
D)the golden age of the Republic.
E)the era most greatly affected by the rise of Christianity.

Question 17

Roman law is one of Rome's most influential legacies.From reading what is said in the chapter about it, describe some of its features and explain why it had such an impact on later ages.Can you make any comparisons with American law, as you know it?

Question 18

The features of the imperial economy under Augustus included

A)the debasement of coinage to increase the money supply.
B)affluence everywhere in the empire except Italy.
C)a great variety of Italian exports.
D)the elimination of rural poverty and slavery.
E)returning ancient privileges to the ruling class.

Question 19

Discuss the measures taken by Augustus to restore order and stability to Rome.What were the theory and the practice of the Principate?

Question 20

Describe the peace and prosperity of the Pax Romana.

Question 21

In the field of jurisprudence, Augustus

A)fostered professionalism.
B)adapted Roman law to be used in the provinces.
C)allowed the first law school to open in Rome.
D)made changes and reforms of the Republic permanent.
E)All of these

Question 22

Which of the following statements about gladiators and the games is not true?

A)Audiences sat in ranked seats and included all levels of society.
B)Graffiti celebrated a star of the arena.
C)Amphitheaters were common throughout Italy and the Roman Empire.
D)Amphitheaters were not found in the Eastern sector of the empire for religious reasons.
E)Some gladiators were free men who volunteered for a limited time of service.

Question 23

Imperial law was all of the following except

A)a reflection of social inequality.
B)influential in later ages.
C)useful in imperial administration.
D)most basic in expanding the rights of women.
E)humane and pragmatic in regard to marriage.

Question 24

Which was not an Eastern or mystery cult to affect Rome?

A)Mithras
B)Isis
C)Dionysius
D)Vesta
E)Manichaeism

Question 25

The reign of Trajan was marked by

A)the success of his Parthian policy.
B)his refusal to cross the Danube.
C)the defeat of the Persians.
D)internal unrest, rare during the pax Romana.
E)the Roman Empire reaching its greatest geographical extent.

Question 26

Roman culture under Augustus included all of the following except

A)Virgil's great epic poem, the Aeneid.
B)Livy's massive history of Rome.
C)building projects, including the Pantheon.
D)the elimination of competing religious faiths.
E)strong elements of classicism.

Question 27

What military development of the "Five Good Emperors" would later prove fateful for the empire?

A)The switch from offensive operations to stationary frontiers
B)The employment of mercenaries
C)The general decline in the training of legions
D)The abandonment of infantry for cavalry
E)None of these

Question 28

All of the following contributed to the Third-Century Crisis except

A)the decadence of Commodus.
B)Barbarian invasions.
C)plagues.
D)devaluation of the currency.
E)power transferred from the army to the senate.

Question 29

Which philosopher was forced to commit suicide by Nero?

A)Tacitus
B)Livy
C)Ovid
D)Lucan
E)Seneca

Question 30

Silver Age culture included all of the following except

A)encyclopedias and scientific works.
B)fine historical works by Tacitus and Plutarch.
C)satires and literary criticism.
D)writers pursing political careers.
E)extensive silver mines constructed on the islands of Sicily and Corsica.

Question 31

One of the many famous Romans was Galen, who

A)had a great influence on the future Shakespeare.
B)was to medicine what Aristotle was to philosophy.
C)became a leader in one of Rome's many mystery religions.
D)was the best known pagan writer.
E)compiled a collection of medical theories lost in the destruction of Alexandria.

Question 32

The great political innovation of the "Five Good Emperors" was

A)the establishment of an imperial bureaucracy
B)The creation of civic societies to maintain the city of Rome
C)The establishment of adoption of heirs, based on merit and not family
D)The reformation of the military
E)Rapid expansion as a way to political stability

Question 33

All of the following have been attributed to Livia, Augustus's wife, except

A)being one of the most powerful women in Roman history.
B)being a master of intrigue.
C)improving women's legal standing in the empire.
D)poisoning potential heirs to the throne, including Augustus.
E)creating a troubled family environment.

Question 34

Tacitus expressed criticism of the social conditions of his time

A)by describing the virtues of the Germanic tribes.
B)by writing sarcastic poetry.
C)through his speeches in the senate.
D)through his plays.
E)by questioning the moral and political lessons of history.

Question 35

Which was not a social order in the early empire?

A)Equestrians
B)Slaves
C)Freedmen
D)Honestiores
E)Optimates

Question 36

Romanization did not include which of the following?

A)Elimination of languages such as Berber, Aramaic, and Celtic
B)Spread of Roman architecture and technology
C)Extension of Roman law and citizenship
D)Spread of Roman entertainment such as gladiator shows
E)Allowing non-citizens to join the Roman military legions

Question 37

The Five Good Emperors

A)made humaneness and effective government standard practice.
B)successfully expanded the empire's borders.
C)guaranteed the future stability and prosperity of Rome.
D)exemplified the principle of merit.
E)All of these

Question 38

How did the Julio-Claudian line fail?

A)The Roman senate restored the Republic
B)The Roman empire was invaded
C)Caligula was overthrown by Claudius
D)A deeply unpopular Nero was confronted with a major revolt
E)Augustus refused to settle on a law of imperial succession

Question 39

During the Pax Romana, the Roman economy exhibited all of the following except

A)growing agricultural demand from growing cities.
B)relatively easy and inexpensive travel and communications.
C)a relative backwardness compared to a modern economy.
D)an improved standard of living for the wealthy only.
E)the opening of new lands to agriculture.

Question 40

Which emperor finally added Britain to the Roman State?

A)Nero
B)Claudius
C)Titus
D)Vespasian
E)Augustus

Question 41

One of the defining features of the reign of Tiberius was its treason trials and murders.

Question 42

The Constitutio Antoniana was

A)the law allowing women to leave their property to their heirs.
B)the demand for a universal language in the Roman provinces.
C)the law rendering all the free inhabitance of the empire Roman citizenship.
D)the law demanding that bachelors get married.
E)All of these.

Question 43

The order in which the "five good emperors" served the Empire was

A)Trajan, Hadrian, Nerva, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius.
B)Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius.
C)Antoninus Pius, Nerva, Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Hadrian.
D)Trajan, Nerva, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius.
E)Nerva, Hadrian, Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, Antoninus Pius.

Question 44

Roman family law was very strict and did not allow women to own their own property.

Question 45

Paul of Tarsus was greatly influential in the complete separation of Christianity from Judaism.

Question 46

Virgil was famous for his extensive history of Rome.

Question 47

The popular religion of Manichaeism originated in Rome.

Question 48

The Sassanid Persians

A)made a pact with the emperor Valerian that saved Rome's eastern provinces.
B)were defeated by the Parthians.
C)were peaceful nomads who posed no threat to Rome.
D)overran the eastern provinces and captured Emperor Valerian.
E)destroyed the caravan city of Palmyra, seriously hurting Roman trade.

Question 49

The main theme of Septimius' reign was the transfer of power from the senate to the army.

Question 50

Augustus's era marks the beginning of the classical period of Roman jurisprudence.

Question 51

Which of the following was more a philosophy than a religion?

A)The cult of Isis
B)The cult of Mithras
C)Manichaeism
D)Neo-Platonism
E)The cult of Demeter

Question 52

In the Early empire the new government placed the control of the provinces solely under the governance of Augustus.

Question 53

The rise of Rabbinic Judaism marks the success of which group?

A)Essenes
B)Christians
C)Pharisees
D)Sadducees
E)Maccabees

Question 54

What was the last province to be added to the Roman Empire?

A)Gaul
B)Spain
C)Carthage
D)Judea
E)Dacia (Romania)

Question 55

What is the Mishnah?

A)The writings of Mani
B)A translation of the Torah
C)A commentary on the New Testament
D)A compilation of oral Jewish law
E)A Roman critique of Judaism

Question 56

Where was Christianity most strikingly successful?

A)Among the rural poor
B)Among the aristocracy
C)Outside of the Roman empire
D)In urban settings
E)Among the Jews

Question 57

Gladiators were made up solely of slaves and conquered peoples.

Question 58

Women in Judaism and early Christianity

A)could hold the positions of rabbi or priest.
B)could not hold important offices in both Judaism and Christianity.
C)have been recorded in history as being major figures of their time.
D)under Roman law could not be persecuted or tortured.
E)could not preach sermons.

Question 59

Which of the following cannot be attributed to Paul of Tarsus?

A)He was known for the persecution of the Christians in his earlier years.
B)He claimed to see a vision of Jesus.
C)He emphasized the death and resurrection of Jesus.
D)He was born a Roman who revered the emperor.
E)He personally represented the multi-ethnic and multi-cultural nature of the Roman peace.

Question 60

Characteristics of "Romanization" were

A)Participation in government by the provinces.
B)Spread of Roman Customs
C)Architecture
D)The diversity of the Roman army
E)All of these

Question 61

Women were kept from playing any influential role in Judaism and early Christianity.