Deck 4: Energy Metabolism

Question 1

Most people who expend more energy in exercise and physical activity oxidize more fat.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

People who regularly consume a high-fat diet tend to eat more.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Some experts have estimated that an intake of 2,000-2,500 kcal of carbohydrate over several days, after carbohydrate stores were at maximum, would be required before carbohydrate would be converted to fat.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the three principle components of daily total energy expenditure (TEE):

A)Basal/Resting Metabolic Rate (BMR or RMR)
B)Adaptive Thermogenesis
C)Active Energy Expenditure
D)Energy Nutrients

Question 5

Fats in your diet are more satiating than carbohydrates and are more likely than carbohydrates to turn off appetite.

Question 6

How much adaptive thermogenesis is accounted for in daily energy output?

A)10-15%
B)15-25%
C)25-30%
D)30-40%

Question 7

BMR accounts for 65-75% of total energy output.

Question 8

Which of the three components of daily total energy expenditure (TEE)has the greatest potential for increased TEE and possible weight loss?

A)Basal/Resting Metabolic Rate
B)Adaptive Thermogenesis
C)Activity energy Expenditure
D)All of the above

Question 9

Obesity can develop from a failure to balance fat intake with fat oxidation.

Question 10

After you eat, most dietary carbohydrate is either used for cellular functions or converted to glycogen for storage in the liver and muscles.

Question 11

The caloric value of oxygen varies depending on whether carbohydrate or fat is the primary fuel being used.

Question 12

This compound is made up of adenine (a carbon-nitrogen substance), ribose (a sugar), and three inorganic phosphates and stores chemical energy from food in high-energy bonds between the phosphates.

A)Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
B)Glycolysis
C)Monosaccharide
D)Amino acid

Question 13

Replacing dietary carbohydrates with fat promotes obesity.

Question 14

When carbohydrate stores run low, fat oxidation slows.

Question 15

The terms calorie (with a small c)and kilocalorie are often used interchangeably.

Question 16

All fats have the same metabolic effects.

Question 17

People usually use one energy nutrient at a time to fuel their activities.

Question 18

Generally, energy expenditure equal to _____kcal will result in a loss of 1lb.

A)1,500 kcal
B)2,500 kcal
C)3,500 kcal
D)4,000 kcal

Question 19

Fat stores are limited in size.

Question 20

A diet that is high in fat and low in carbohydrate reduces the size of glycogen stores and stimulates hunger.

Question 21

__________________________ is an indicator of the proportion of carbohydrate, fat, and protein being used to produce energy; this is calculated by dividing liters of carbon dioxide produced by liters of oxygen consumed.

A)Energy nutrients
B)Beta oxidation
C)Respiratory quotient
D)Adaptive thermogenesis

Question 22

__________________________ are fats mainly found in animal products, such as butter, cheese and beef.

A)Polyunsaturated fats
B)Saturated fats
C)Monounsaturated fats
D)All of the above

Question 23

_______________________ are fats mainly found in plant products, such as safflower oil and corn oil.

A)Polyunsaturated fats
B)Saturated fats
C)Monounsaturated fats
D)All of the above

Question 24

_________________ are the nutrients (carbohydrate, fat, and protein)that contain calories.

Question 25

___________________________ are required to burn fats.

A)Carbohydrates
B)Proteins
C)Both carbohydrates and proteins are required to burn fats
D)Fats

Question 26

In the average adult, about _____% of total stored energy is in the form of protein.

A)10%
B)25%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 27

_____________________ are fats that are also found in plant fats.These fats are found predominantly in nuts, olive oil, and canola oil.

A)Polyunsaturated fats
B)Saturated fats
C)Monounsaturated fats
D)All of the above

Question 28

Which of the following describes the process of thermogenesis?

A)burning of fat
B)synthesis of fat
C)generation of heat
D)generation of water

Question 29

_________________________ is the final stage of aerobic energy metabolism, in which ATP is synthesized from the energy generated in the electron transport system.

A)Aerobic glycolysis
B)Oxidative phosphorylation
C)Glycolysis
D)All of the above

Question 30

If muscle work is anaerobic, which of the following cannot serve as fuel?

A)fat
B)protein
C)carbohydrate

Question 31

__________________________ is the sum of all the energy transformation process in the human body.

A)Glycolysis
B)Metabolism
C)Electron transport
D)Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 32

This metabolic process takes place in the cytoplasm, or fluid portion, of each cell and does not require/ use oxygen.

A)Anaerobic metabolic process
B)Aerobic metabolic process
C)Ketosis
D)Resting Metabolic Rate

Question 33

________________________ is a metabolic process that may occur anaerobically or aerobically, in which glucose or glycogen is broken down to pyruvate (aerobic)or lactate (anaerobic)and APT is produced.

A)Oxidative phosphorylation
B)Glycolysis
C)Citric Acid Cycle
D)All of the above

Question 34

_______________________ is the measurement of heat generated as a result of metabolism and is the most accurate technique for measuring resting energy expenditure.

A)Direct calorimetry
B)Indirect calorimetry
C)Kilocalorie
D)All of the above

Question 35

_________________________ is the buildup of ketone bodies in body tissue resulting from incomplete oxidation of fats.

A)Ketosis
B)Beta oxidation
C)Citric acid cycle
D)Diet induced thermogenesis

Question 36

___________________________ is the aerobic process involving the removal of pairs of carbon atoms from fatty acids to allow fats to enter the citric acid cycle.

A)Ketosis
B)Glycolysis
C)Beta Oxidation
D)All of the above

Question 37

This metabolic process occurs in the cell mitochondria and requires oxygen.

A)Anaerobic metabolic process
B)Aerobic metabolic process
C)Resting Metabolic Rate
D)Adaptive Thermogenesis

Question 38

_____________________________ cannot continue indefinitely, in part because the production of lactic acid inhibits a key enzyme (phosphofructokinase)and ultimately slows down metabolism.

A)Aerobic glycolysis
B)Anaerobic glycolysis
C)Oxidative phosphorylation
D)All of the above

Question 39

Which of the following nutrients is oxidized at a higher rate when its intake is increased?

A)Fat
B)Carbohydrate
C)Protein
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 40

_______________________ is heat production that follows exposure to the cold or food intake.

A)Excess postexercise oxygen consumption
B)Adaptive thermogenesis
C)Diet induced thermogenesis
D)B& C

Question 41

______________________ is the measure of the energy value of food; technically, the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water 33.8°F (1°C).

Question 42

______________________ represents the sum of oxygen consumption of the active tissues of the body when an individual is resting but not asleep.