Deck 13: Human Biological Diversity

Question 1

Which of the following traits is associated with human males?

A)greater proportion of body fat
B)faster maturation at all stages of life
C)relatively larger hearts and lungs
D)less susceptibility to disease

Answer 1

relatively larger hearts and lungs

Question 2

Racism is

A)the recognition of phenotypic differences among human groups.
B)any failure to ignore differences among human populations.
C)any social policy that involves differential treatment of individuals.
D)judging an individual solely on the basis of his or her racial affiliation.

Answer 2

judging an individual solely on the basis of his or her racial affiliation.

Question 3

As used in the chapter,"sex" refers to

A)human reproductive activities.
B)cultural categories related to the identities and roles of men and women.
C)biological traits that distinguish males from females.
D)socially defined identities of men and women.

Answer 3

biological traits that distinguish males from females.

Question 4

What seems to be the position among biologists in general with regard to the concept of subspecies or races?

A)All species,except humans,have subspecific divisions.
B)All species,including humans,have subspecific divisions.
C)Few if any species have divisions that are valid biological subspecies.
D)Subspecies is not a valid concept because it can lead to racism.

Question 5

Culturally defined categories within a society are called

A)laws.
B)moral concepts.
C)folk taxonomies.
D)world views.

Question 6

To say that gender is a folk taxonomy means that

A)the concept is unimportant in modern societies.
B)it is found only among primitive folk cultures.
C)it is an example of cultural categories.
D)gender only has meaning in scientific Western cultures.

Question 7

The distribution of most phenotypic variation in most species may be described as

A)coming in discreet clusters.
B)a continuum of gradual change.
C)being specifically geared to certain environmental conditions.
D)completely random with little or no regularity.

Question 8

Subspecies,in biology,is a synonym for

A)species.
B)race.
C)breeding population.
D)ethnic group.

Question 9

Race,in biology,is a synonym for

A)ethnic group.
B)species.
C)breeding population.
D)subspecies.

Question 10

A continuum of change in phenotypic traits across geographic space is called a

A)breeding population.
B)cline.
C)racial classification.
D)folk taxonomy.

Question 11

Which of the following traits is associated with human females?

A)faster recovery time from muscle fatigue
B)greater tendency toward obesity
C)higher blood pressure
D)greater oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 12

As used in the chapter,"gender" refers to

A)cultural categories related to the identities and roles of men and women.
B)human reproductive activities.
C)biological traits that distinguish males from females.
D)one's preference with regard to sexual partners.

Question 13

To say that human race is a folk taxonomy means that

A)the concept is unimportant in modern societies.
B)it is found only among primitive folk cultures.
C)it is an example of cultural categories.
D)race only has meaning in scientific Western cultures.

Question 14

Societies that recognize more than two genders are societies that

A)have more than the average number of people of ambiguous sexuality.
B)feel it important to recognize and formalize sexual ambiguities.
C)are primitive societies with little scientific understanding of sex categories.
D)are inbred and produce an abnormal number of people with malformations.

Question 15

Folk taxonomies are

A)how people in a given society name animals and plants.
B)primitive systems for organizing the world.
C)systems of cultural categories for ideas and things relevant to a particular society.
D)categories of traditional music styles.

Question 16

On average,any two humans differ in how many of their single nucleotide polymorphisms?

A)3 million
B)10 million
C)1000
D)3.1 billion

Question 17

The hijras of India are

A)men born with female traits.
B)any homosexual men.
C)transvestites (men who dress as women).
D)men who have been surgically emasculated and constitute a third gender.

Question 18

The folk taxonomy for race that we recognize in the U.S.is derived from

A)European race categories.
B)categories invented here during the colonial period.
C)African and Asian racial taxonomies.
D)the scientific study of human biological variation.

Question 19

For a population to remain a single species

A)there must be very few mutations taking place within its members.
B)there must be almost no natural selection going on.
C)there must be sufficient gene flow among its various demes.
D)there must be no genetic variation among its members.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a reason why we say that human races don't exist on a biological level?

A)Our species displays too much gene flow.
B)Our species is very genetically homogeneous.
C)Recognizing race leads to social inequalities.
D)Because of culture,we all share a similar basic environment.

Question 21

IQ test are said to have "reified" intelligence.This means that IQ tests

A)are a valid way to measure a person's innate intelligence.
B)have provided a way of finally understanding the nature of intelligence.
C)made intelligence seem like a real thing.
D)reduced a complex idea into a single entity,in this case,a number.

Question 22

Athletic ability is the product of:

A)largely one's race.
B)the quality of one's training.
C)abilities one is born with.
D)a combination of ability and training.

Question 23

The connection between race and IQ is

A)biological.
B)genetic.
C)non-existent.
D)cultural.

Question 24

Genetic Ancestry Testing Services:

A)can pinpoint one's geographic origin.
B)can indicate one's racial heritage.
C)provide limited information at present.
D)are based on pseudoscience.