Deck 12: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Killian finds it difficult to initiate conversations with people he doesn't know, and maintains a very small circle of friends. One of his friends mentioned that perhaps something occurred when Killian was younger, and as a result his problems with social skills emerged as an expression of the internal conflict. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) diathesis-stress
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive-behavioral

Answer 1

psychoanalytic

Question 2

If there were 100 cases of a disorder in a population of 1,000, the prevalence of the disorder would be ________ percent.

A) 20
B) 5
C) 10
D) 1

Answer 2

10

Question 3

The cognitive-behavioral model suggests that abnormal behavior is the result of ________.

A) learning and thinking
B) unconscious conflicts
C) biochemical imbalances
D) biology

Answer 3

learning and thinking

Question 4

The basic reason for the failed, and sometimes abusive, treatment of mentally disturbed people throughout history has been ________.

A) a lack of understanding of the nature and causes of psychological disorders
B) lack of money to provide adequate care for disturbed people
C) fear of retribution by supernatural forces
D) political and legal restrictions placed on treatment by insensitive authorities

Question 5

Insanity is considered to be _______.

A) a psychological term, not a legal one
B) both a legal term and a psychological one
C) a legal term, not a psychological one
D) neither a legal term nor a psychological one

Question 6

Mental health professionals take all of the following perspectives in defining abnormal behavior except _________.

A) looking for maladaptive personality traits
B) determining psychological discomfort regarding a particular behavior
C) determining if their family members consider the behavior abnormal
D) evidence the behavior is preventing the person from functioning well in life

Question 7

The view that biological, psychological, and social risk factors combine to produce psychological problems is known as the ________ approach to abnormal behavior.

A) psychodynamic
B) pluralistic
C) multimodal
D) systems

Question 8

According to the diathesis-stress model, ________.

A) people learn to be schizophrenic from observing schizophrenic parents
B) schizophrenia results from the excess dilation of the blood vessels to the brain, resulting in stress to the neocortex
C) genetic factors predispose some people to schizophrenia and stress activates the disorder
D) schizophrenia results when children are taught to act in ways that contradict their perceptions of reality and their feelings

Question 9

Austin feels depressed all the time. He feels worthless, and like nothing he ever does is good enough. His mother takes him to a psychologist who suggests that Austin's problem is based on the poor structuring of his internal processes. The psychologist believes that Austin engages in too much self-criticism and negative thinking. This view is typical of the ________ model of abnormality.

A) cognitive-behavioral
B) biological
C) diathesis-stress
D) psychoanalytic

Question 10

Biological predispositions toward behaviors are known as a ________.

A) genetic invulnerability
B) physical disability
C) diathesis
D) hereditary disorder

Question 11

Public and private institutions for confining and imprisoning the mentally ill were first established in ________.

A) the late Middle Ages
B) the nineteenth century
C) ancient times
D) the Renaissance

Question 12

Stephen's son is demonstrating some characteristics of the autism spectrum, and he mentions it to his son's pediatrician. Stephen was concerned because his sister had demonstrated some of these same behaviors as a child. The doctor told him that his son's behavior fits the _____ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) intrapersonal
C) behavioral
D) psychoanalytic

Question 13

While abnormality is defined by the perspective you are examining it with, the main standard society uses to judge abnormal behavior is ________.

A) the person's success in meeting societal expectations for performance in work, school, and in social relationships
B) the person's experience of inner distress
C) an individual's personal sense of well-being
D) whether behavior conforms to what is socially expected

Question 14

The systems approach is also known as the _________ model of mental illness.

A) unimodal
B) biopsychosocial
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 15

The legal term for a defendant's ability to understand the charges against him or her and participate in a defense in court is ________.

A) insanity
B) abnormality
C) competency
D) mental illness

Question 16

The number of new cases that arise in a given time is known as the disorder's ________.

A) prevalence
B) epidemiology
C) occurrence
D) incidence

Question 17

The ________ model of mental illness holds that abnormal behavior is caused by physiological malfunction that is often attributable to hereditary factors.

A) psychodynamic
B) biological
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) naturalistic

Question 18

The first individual to argue for pleasant living conditions for the mentally ill was ________.

A) Mesmer
B) Freud
C) Pinel
D) Dix

Question 19

The psychoanalytic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of ________.

A) learning
B) biochemical imbalances
C) unconscious conflicts
D) biology

Question 20

A 2004 World Health Organization study found that the lowest prevalence of psychological disorders was in ________.

A) Europe
B) Asia
C) the Americas
D) the Middle East and Africa

Question 21

Bipolar disorder has been linked to ________.

A) neurotransmitter imbalances
B) motor cortex malfunctions
C) lymph node disorders
D) hormonal imbalance

Question 22

Phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are all types of ________ disorders.

A) dissociative
B) anxiety
C) somatic symptom
D) psychosomatic

Question 23

Fear of flying or heights are both examples of ________.

A) social anxiety disorder
B) specific phobia
C) complex phobia
D) interactive disorder

Question 24

Carrie Fisher was an actress who suffered from repeated episodes of mania and severe depression. Several years later, she was open with the public regarding her diagnosis of ______.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) schizophrenia
D) somatic symptom

Question 25

A boy who had trouble making friends in a childhood summer camp and later feels unworthy to hang out with a new social group in high school is engaging in ________.

A) codependency tendencies
B) handicapping strategies
C) cognitive dissonance
D) cognitive distortions

Question 26

The DSM-5 distinguishes between ________ types of depressive disorders.

A) three
B) five
C) four
D) two

Question 27

Janet wakes up each morning feeling like she is useless. She believes that her friends don't really care for her, and that she does not do enough for them. Janet's low opinion of herself is probably the result of a(n) ________ disorder.

A) somatic symptom
B) anxiety
C) dissociative
D) mood

Question 28

A disorder involving mild to moderate, and highly persistent sadness (and related symptoms that may linger with little relief for up to two years) is called ________.

A) cyclothymia
B) persistent depressive disorder
C) minor depressive episode
D) major depressive episode

Question 29

Beck's theories have focused on the importance of cognitive distortions in the development of _______.

A) anxiety
B) bipolar disorder
C) cyclothymia
D) depression

Question 30

In young children, ________ may be manifested as a "failure to thrive," or weight gain, or as a delay in speech or motor development.

A) schizophrenia
B) depression
C) an adjustment disorder
D) personality disorder

Question 31

The most common mood disorders are ________.

A) anxiety disorders
B) manic disorders
C) depressive disorders
D) bipolar disorders

Question 32

The legal term for someone who is so mentally disturbed that he or she is not considered responsible for his or her criminal actions is ________.

A) psychosis
B) abnormality
C) schizophrenia
D) insanity

Question 33

Men are more likely than women to succeed in a suicide attempt because men ________.

A) do not tell anyone about their suicidal intentions
B) plan their attempts more thoroughly than women do
C) take suicide attempts more seriously than women do
D) use more lethal means, such as guns

Question 34

In the United States, the suicide rate is ________ among Whites than among minorities.

A) slightly higher
B) much higher
C) slightly lower
D) much lower

Question 35

Estimates indicate that about ________ in 10 people in the United States suffer from at least one specific phobia.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 36

Bipolar disorder is ________ common than depression and has a ________ biological component than depression.

A) more; stronger
B) less; weaker
C) more; weaker
D) less; stronger

Question 37

The DSM has been available to psychologists for nearly ________ years.

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Question 38

Jake has been diagnosed with Tourette's and as a result, sometimes shouts inappropriate phrases. He also experiences motor tics, that he notices make people uncomfortable, but which Jake knows are just a part of his illness. The last four jobs that Jake has interviewed for, he has been told that he doesn't have the right "attitude" for the job, and he has had an episode during each interview. Jake may be experiencing ______.

A) self-stigma
B) social stigma
C) rejection stigma
D) a mood disorder

Question 39

Deidra is irrationally afraid of spiders. She has never been bit, yet cannot help screaming and flinching when she sees one. She is probably suffering from a ________.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) specific phobia
C) conversion disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 40

The DSM was designed to ________.

A) provide a comprehensive listing of all licensed therapists in the United States
B) describe and classify the various kinds of psychological disorders
C) identify the various types of treatment facilities available in the United States
D) evaluate the most effective therapy approaches for various mental illnesses

Question 41

Eddie is found wandering by the police in a park. He is brought to the station for an evaluation when he claims to have no memory of his past. Without his wallet, which Eddie was carrying, the police would not even know he was. His symptoms are typical of someone suffering from ________.

A) dissociative fugue
B) somatic symptom disorder
C) depersonalization disorder
D) dissociative amnesia

Question 42

Feeling fearful but not knowing why is characteristic of ________.

A) dissociative neurosis
B) specific phobia
C) amnesia
D) generalized anxiety disorders

Question 43

An anxiety disorder in which a person becomes so preoccupied with his or her imagined ugliness that normal life is impossible is called ________ disorder.

A) somatization
B) a conversion
C) body dysmorphic
D) psychosomatic

Question 44

A young girl was severely scratched by her neighbor's cat when it jumped from her arms. She is now terrified of cats, and will not get near them. Her phobia of cats is best explained by ________ theory.

A) learning
B) humanistic
C) psychobiological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 45

Emily has noticed a few small skin bruises and some minor muscle cramps over the last few weeks. Her physician says that while her symptoms are real, they reflect no serious illness. Emily refuses to believe him. She is convinced they are the first indications of terminal cancer, and proceeds to visit one physician after another trying to find one who will agree with her. Emily's behavior is typical of ________.

A) an affective disorder
B) illness anxiety disorder
C) a personality disorder
D) a conversion disorder

Question 46

Theory suggests a history of child abuse involved in the development of dissociative identity disorder.

A) Learning
B) Cognitive
C) Posttraumatic
D) Biological

Question 47

Repetitive, ritualistic behaviors that a person feels drawn to perform are called _______.

A) impulses
B) obsessions
C) panic attacks
D) compulsions

Question 48

Abe constantly worries about his hands being dirty, and germs leading to an infection. He washes his hands to the point where his skin is chafing, but still worries that his hands are not clean enough. He also carries around alcohol wipes to clean his hands in his car, due to distress over the possibility of germs. He simply feels that his hands are never, ever clean enough. Abe's thoughts are typical of a(n) ________.

A) hallucination
B) obsession
C) compulsion
D) delusion

Question 49

Ryan is very anxious and jittery right after surviving a tornado that destroyed his subdivision. This is known as ________ disorder.

A) acute stress
B) specific panic
C) generalized anxiety
D) posttraumatic stress

Question 50

Depersonalization disorder is also known as _________.

A) derealization disorder
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) dissociative fugue
D) dissociative amnesia

Question 51

Artem is getting ready to defend his senior thesis in front of his professors and friends. He suddenly experiences an intense feeling of impending doom, chest pain and dizziness, and begins to sweat. Artem has never experienced something like this before. His symptoms most resemble ________.

A) posttraumatic stress disorder
B) a specific phobia
C) an affective disorder
D) a panic attack

Question 52

An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, inappropriate fears connected with public situations or performances in front of other people is ________.

A) agoraphobia
B) a social anxiety disorder
C) an interactive phobia
D) a specific phobia

Question 53

Disorders in which there is real physical illness that is largely caused by psychological factors such as stress or anxiety are called ________ disorders.

A) conversion
B) organic
C) somatic symptom
D) psychosomatic

Question 54

George is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. If he tries to stop his obsessive thoughts or compulsive behaviors he is likely to experience ________.

A) amnesia
B) severe anxiety
C) psychosomatic illnesses
D) tremendous guilt

Question 55

________ disorders involve vague symptoms of bodily disorder with no evidence of organic causes.

A) Psychosomatic
B) Somatic symptom
C) Anxiety
D) Dissociative

Question 56

Brent has always been described by his family as a "worrier.". Right now, he feels tense and keyed up, even though he is caught up on school work and doing well. All signs point to his success in the future, but Brent is still apprehensive and having trouble sleeping. His symptoms sound most like ________ disorder.

A) panic
B) conversion
C) dissociative identity
D) generalized anxiety

Question 57

After returning from a deployment, a combat veteran reported blindness and deafness was occurring intermittently. Physicians could not find any evidence of a physical problem or cause, and sent the veteran to a psychologist as they suspected a ________ disorder.

A) personality
B) schizophrenic
C) conversion
D) compulsive

Question 58

A sudden, unpredictable feeling of intense terror, sweating, difficulty breathing, and with no immediately observable cause is a(n) ________.

A) compulsion
B) phobia
C) affective disorder
D) panic attack

Question 59

Sean went to a psychologist and confided that he thought he was "losing time." He would look at his watch and it would be 1 p.m., and then the next thing he knew it was night time. The psychologist hypnotized Sean, and found an alternate personality named Trevor. Each personality was unique, with a name and separate memories. Sean has ________ disorder.

A) dissociative identity
B) an affective
C) a schizophrenic
D) a somatic symptom

Question 60

A dissociative disorder that involves flight from home and the assumption of a new identity, with amnesia for past identity and events, is called ________.

A) somatic symptom disorder
B) dissociative fugue
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) dissociative amnesia

Question 61

The difference between people with schizoid personality disorder and people with avoidant personality disorder is that people with ________.

A) avoidant personality disorder want to have close relationships with others
B) schizoid personality disorder have lost contact with reality
C) avoidant personality disorder have bizarre thoughts and ideas
D) schizoid personality disorder are not loners or isolated

Question 62

People with ________ disorders develop inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking and acting that are so exaggerated and rigid that they cause serious distress and social problems.

A) affective
B) somatic symptom
C) personality
D) schizophrenic

Question 63

A personality disorder characterized by marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships is ________ personality disorder.

A) borderline
B) antisocial
C) histrionic
D) narcissistic

Question 64

In this approach, a nonhuman object is the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement.

A) voyeurism
B) sexual dysfunctions
C) fetishism
D) paraphilias

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true?

A) People with phobias are usually aggressive.
B) People with antisocial personality disorder are often intelligent and charming on first meeting.
C) People with personality disorders usually seek therapy.
D) Very few infants are narcissistic.

Question 66

The ________ personality disorder displays as an inability to make choices and decisions independently, and a lack of tolerance for being alone.

A) dependent
B) avoidant
C) borderline
D) antisocial

Question 67

Tom never tells the truth. He steals from others, and doesn't seem to care if he harms other people's feelings. He has never had a close relationship with anyone. Tom has ________ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) paranoid
C) narcissistic
D) borderline

Question 68

Fetishists are usually ________.

A) women
B) elderly
C) adolescents
D) men

Question 69

Which of the following is a sexual dysfunction?

A) homosexuality
B) erectile disorder
C) voyeurism
D) fetishism

Question 70

Sexual desire disorders play a part in ________ percent of all sexual dysfunctions.

A) 20
B) 40
C) 60
D) 80

Question 71

A compulsion to achieve sexual arousal by touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person in public situations is called ________.

A) frotteurism
B) catatonia
C) fetishism
D) exhibitionism

Question 72

Darren enjoys sex, but the only way he is able to achieve arousal is to watch others who are engaging in sexual activity. He was also previously arrested for spying on unsuspecting people who were nude. His disorder is ________.

A) voyeurism
B) exhibitionism
C) sadomasochism
D) sexual introversion

Question 73

Janice has always seen sex as a duty to perform for her husband. Whenever she starts to get aroused, her mind is flooded by negative thoughts about how dirty and sinful sexual activity is. As a result, she is almost totally cold to any sensual pleasure and she feels no desire for sexual activity. She is suffering from ________.

A) a sexual arousal disorder
B) inhibited sexual excitement
C) an orgasmic disorder
D) a sexual desire disorder

Question 74

Erika loves sex, but the only way she can achieve sexual arousal is to have her partner tie her up and whip her harshly. Her disorder is ________.

A) pedophilia
B) sexual masochism
C) sexual sadism
D) voyeurism

Question 75

Rejection of one's biological gender and persistently desiring to become a member of the opposite sex is known as ________.

A) gender nonconformity
B) gender dysphoria
C) bisexuality
D) sexual orientation disorder

Question 76

When Julio was in school, he never felt the need to engage with others or seek out friends. Eventually, he asked one of his professors to write him a job recommendation, but the professor was unable to do so because Julio had always appeared extremely cold, distant, and unfeeling in class. The professor had never seen him interact with any other students, instead, he appeared to be constantly "in a fog." A psychologist would likely diagnose Julio with _____ personality disorder.

A) narcissistic
B) schizoid
C) paranoid
D) antisocial

Question 77

Jenson enjoys sex with his partner, and has a desire to engage in sex. However, after achieving full arousal, he is unable to orgasm. He is suffering from ________.

A) inhibited sexual response
B) inhibited sexual desire
C) frotteurism
D) orgasmic disorder

Question 78

Pedophiles are almost invariably ________.

A) extroverted and successful older men
B) close to their victims
C) complete strangers to their victims
D) men over age 40

Question 79

Marty is always getting into trouble with authorities. He mistrusts everyone and gives others a hard time because he believes they are out to get him. He is overly sensitive to even the slightest criticisms or negative comments, always thinking that those who criticize him are trying to trick him. Marty has ________ personality disorder.

A) paranoid
B) schizoid
C) antisocial
D) avoidant

Question 80

Causing humiliation or physical harm to their sexual partners is characteristic of ________.

A) pedophiles
B) sexual sadists
C) sexual masochists
D) introverts