Deck 8: Correlation and Linear Regression

Question 1

The formula y = a + b(x) represents the ______.

A) Pearson's r
B) regression coefficient
C) correlation coefficient
D) regression line

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A researcher wants to estimate voter turnout for different regions of the country. She divides the country into four regions. How many dummy variables will she have in the equation?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In the equation y = a + b(x), b stands for the ______.

A) independent variable
B) correlation coefficient
C) regression coefficient
D) dependent variable

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the equation y = a + b(x) which variable represents the y-intercept?

A) y
B) a
C) b
D) x

Question 5

A researcher is working with two variables measured at the interval level. Which statistical tool should the researcher use?

A) $\chi$ ² analysis
B) correlation analysis
C) proportion analysis
D) cross-tabulation

Question 6

A graphical display where the independent variable is measured along the horizontal axis and the dependent variable is measured along the vertical axis is called a ______.

A) bar graph
B) line graph
C) pie chart
D) scatterplot

Question 7

Multiple regression analysis produces a ______ for each independent variable in the model.

A) partial regression coefficient
B) partial correlation coefficient
C) partial $\chi$ ²
D) partial adjusted R-square

Question 8

A researcher working with data about individuals' ages and their income wants to know how income is related to age. Does income go up or down or remain constant with age? Which analysis would help the researcher understand this relationship best?

A) correlation analysis
B) regression analysis
C) means comparison analysis
D) logistic regression analysis

Question 9

Multiple regression is both ______ and ______.

A) linear; interactive
B) linear; additive
C) linear; regressive
D) linear; spurious

Question 10

The regression coefficient is also known as the ______.

A) correlation coefficient
B) R²
C) test value
D) slope of the line

Question 11

R² always has a value between ______.

A) 1 and 2
B) -1 and 1
C) -1 and 0
D) 0 and 1

Question 12

A researcher conducting a study of turnout in the fifty states finds a regression coefficient of .35. This tells the researcher that ______.

A) turnout increases by .35 for each one unit increase in the independent variable
B) turnout increases by .35 for each year a person ages
C) turnout decreases by .35 for each one unit increase in the independent variable
D) turnout increases by .35 for each one unit decrease in the independent variable

Question 13

A researcher is studying her students' test scores and the amount of coffee (number of cups) consumed before the exam. In the equation y = a + b(x) which variable represents the test scores?

A) y
B) a
C) b
D) x

Question 14

A Pearson's r value of .51 signifies a ______.

A) weak negative relationship
B) weak positive relationship
C) moderate positive relationship
D) moderate negative relationship

Question 15

If no relationship exists between variables, Pearson's r takes on the value of ______.

A) -1
B) 0
C) +1
D) no value

Question 16

In a scatterplot, the ______ variable is measured on the horizontal axis and the ______ variable is on the vertical axis.

A) dependent; independent
B) independent; dependent
C) dependent; intervening
D) control; dependent

Question 17

A bivariate analysis is used to analyze the relationship between a(n) ______.

A) interval-level dependent variable and any independent variable at any level
B) ordinal-level dependent variable and any independent variable at any level
C) ratio-level dependent variable and any independent variable at any level
D) nominal-level dependent variable and any independent variable at any level

Question 18

One reason to perform multiple regression analysis is to ______ for the effects of additional independent variables.

A) eliminate
B) alleviate
C) minimize
D) control

Question 19

The relationship between two variables is called ______.

A) association
B) affiliation
C) correlation
D) regression

Question 20

Which of the following formalizes the intuitive judgment made about the direction and strength of a relationship?

A) Pearson's r
B) $\chi$ ²
C) Pearson's correlation coefficient
D) regression coefficient

Question 21

Pearson's r is a measure of association known as a correlation coefficient.

Question 22

The size and effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is estimated by the regression coefficient.

Question 23

The y-intercept is the value of y when x equals zero.

Question 24

Pearson's r is a proportional reduction in error (PRE) measure of association.

Question 25

In the equation y = a + b(x), x represents the value of the dependent variable.

Question 26

If two variables are very closely related to one another they are said to have parsimony.

Question 27

Pearson's r is a symmetrical measure of association between two variables.

Question 28

In a multiple regression equation, the interaction effect is the multiplicative product of one independent variable.

Question 29

Researchers typically report the adjusted R-square value because they lack confidence in the actual R-square.

Question 30

Correlation analysis produces a statistic that estimates the size of the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

Question 31

Researchers typically use correlation analysis during the early stages of the research process.

Question 32

When two independent variables are closely related to each other it is difficult to measure the effects of each on the dependent variable.

Question 33

A dummy variable takes on the value of 1 for cases having one value of the nominal or ordinal variable, and a value of 0 for cases falling into all other values of the variable.

Question 34

Pearson's r is used to gauge the strength of a relationship between two interval-level variables when performing correlation analysis.

Question 35

Regression reveals the direction of the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable.