Question 1

A nurse is working with a 9-year-old girl who has been diagnosed with leukemia. Using Piaget's cognitive theory of development, what are some specific ways in which the nurse should interact with the child? Select all that apply.

A) Give clear information regarding treatment.
B) Recognize and respect her need for increased privacy.
C) Show the child items or equipment that will be used in treatment.
D) Assess for and encourage the child to participate in favorite activities.
E) Provide opportunity to touch or play with medical equipment prior to assessments and procedures.

Give clear information regarding treatment.
Show the child items or equipment that will be used in treatment.
Assess for and encourage the child to participate in favorite activities.

Accepted Answer

1. The child is at the concrete operational stage when reasoning begins; she should be able to understand when clear information is presented and concrete items are used in explanations. Encouraging participation in favorite activities supports normal developmental processes. The need for privacy is usually typical of adolescence. Touching and playing with equipment is advised at an earlier developmental stage.
3. The child is at the concrete operational stage when reasoning begins; she should be able to understand when clear information is presented and concrete items are used in explanations. Encouraging participation in favorite activities supports normal developmental processes. The need for privacy is usually typical of adolescence. Touching and playing with equipment is advised at an earlier developmental stage.
4. The child is at the concrete operational stage when reasoning begins; she should be able to understand when clear information is presented and concrete items are used in explanations. Encouraging participation in favorite activities supports normal developmental processes. The need for privacy is usually typical of adolescence. Touching and playing with equipment is advised at an earlier developmental stage.

Question 2

A school nurse is explaining to a student that, as a result of an eye exam, it is likely that the student will need to get eyeglasses. The student says, "I guess even though I don't like glasses, I'll get them because they will help me see better." Which of Piaget's intellectual components of development does this statement indicate to the nurse?

A) Schemas
B) Equilibrium
C) Assimilation
D) Accommodation

Equilibrium

Accepted Answer

2. Equilibrium represents a balance between taking in new information and changing schemas to meet a new reality. A schema is a category of knowledge that helps individuals interpret and understand the world. Assimilation is the process of taking in new information into previously existing schemas; it is a thought process that does not involve behavioral change. Accommodation involves changing behavior to account for new knowledge.

Question 3

Which theorist is the nurse modeling when encouraging the patient to develop, strengthen, and use self-efficacy to maintain or regain mental health and wellness?&#10;A) B. F. Skinner&#10;B) Albert Bandura&#10;C) Jean Piaget&#10;D) Sigmund Freud&#10;

Accepted Answer

2. Bandura contended that an individual not only reacts to a stimulus but also has the ability to adapt and reinforce positive, healthier responses to the stimulus. This concept, known as self-efficacy, is best reflected when the nurse encourages the patient to develop, strengthen, and use self-efficacy to maintain or regain mental health and wellness. Skinner examined human responses to stimuli. Piaget's theory involved components that explained children and adolescent behavior according to various ages. Freud's theory focuses on psychoanalysis, not self-efficacy.

Question 4

A nurse is providing counseling services to flood victims who are staying in a shelter. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, on what category should the nurse focus in order to provide effective assistance?

A) Physiological
B) Self-actualization
C) Safety and security
D) Love and belonging

Accepted Answer

3. Safety and security include emotional and physical security in home, neighboring, and work environments. Until these needs are met, higher order needs cannot be addressed. The services at the shelter provide for the physiological needs of food and housing. The needs of love and belonging and self-actualization must follow meeting more basic needs.

Question 5

A patient tells the nurse that she is extremely unhappy at her job and she doesn't know what to do. Using Rogerian therapeutic techniques, how might the nurse respond?&#10;A) &#34;Let's make a plan for how you can handle this situation.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;This situation sounds really awful. I think you should quit.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Tell me more about what is happening and how it makes you feel.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;You really need to think about whether you are contributing to the difficulties you are having.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

3. Using the Rogerian approach, the clinician should focus on clarifying the client's experience and feelings. Rogers's theory stresses unconditional positive regard, so the clinician should not be critical. Using the Rogerian approach, the clinician should avoid giving advice. This nondirective approach doesn't facilitate changes that clients may need to make to alleviate stress.

Question 6

The psychiatric-mental health nurse uses an eclectic clinical approach with newly admitted patients who are diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which statement most accurately reflects the therapeutic value of an eclectic approach?

A) Nurses do not need a philosophy of care to direct their practice.
B) It is difficult to determine a final plan of care for new patients with psychotic disorders.
C) There is limited scientific evidence about treatment for schizophrenia, so a variety of medications and interventions must be tried over time.
D) Strategies from one or a combination of psychiatric theories and therapies are used to determine interventions and evaluation criteria for working with each patient.

Accepted Answer

4. Eclectic approaches various features from several psychiatric theories and therapies to determine what assessment information, interventions, approaches, and evaluation criteria are needed for any given patient. An eclectic approach does not indicate indecision or use of interventions that are unsupported by evidence. An eclectic approach does not indicate a nurse is non-philosophical; rather, this demonstrates that a range of theories are used to understand the best way to approach assessing and planning care for different patients.

Question 7

How might a nurse describe the relationship between mental health treatment and humanism?&#10;A) Science is the core consideration of humanistic philosophy.&#10;B) Caring practices and compassion must be approached holistically.&#10;C) Mental health clients must rely on clinicians for difficult decision-making and care.&#10;D) Limitations of life in today's world have little effect on planning effective interventions.&#10;

Accepted Answer

2. In humanistic philosophy, healing and caring are approached holistically. The philosophy accounts for well-being within the limitations of life in today's world. Humanism purports that service to benefit humanity is accomplished through reason, science, and democracy. Patients are not passive recipients of care but, rather, have the potential to solve their own problems. Patients need to be supported and empowered to develop new perspectives and make self-directed choices.

Question 8

The patient's family brings him to the emergency department because he has been threatening suicide. The patient tells the nurse that he is too hungry to talk and she should just go away. The nurse decides to bring the patient some food before she does a complete assessment. Whose theory would most support the nurse's action?

A) Peplau
B) Orlando
C) Neuman
D) Leininger

Accepted Answer

2. Orlando focuses on responding to the patient's immediate needs. Peplau's theory emphasizes the psychodynamic process. Neuman sees the client as a system that seeks homeostasis. Leininger addresses cultural beliefs and values.

Question 9

Which components of Abraham Maslow's humanistic theory support the outcome of a person-centered motivation to grow and develop in a healthy way? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Focus on health&#10;B) Needs and self-actualization&#10;C) Holistic, interactive approach&#10;D) Human potential for goodness&#10;E) Use of empathy and positive regard&#10;

Accepted Answer

1. Components of Maslow's humanistic theory that support the outcome of person-centered motivation to grow and develop in a healthy way include Maslow's focus on health, needs and self-actualization, and holistic and interactive approach. The human potential for goodness and the use of empathy and positive regard are components of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory.
2. Components of Maslow's humanistic theory that support the outcome of person-centered motivation to grow and develop in a healthy way include Maslow's focus on health, needs and self-actualization, and holistic and interactive approach. The human potential for goodness and the use of empathy and positive regard are components of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory.
3. Components of Maslow's humanistic theory that support the outcome of person-centered motivation to grow and develop in a healthy way include Maslow's focus on health, needs and self-actualization, and holistic and interactive approach. The human potential for goodness and the use of empathy and positive regard are components of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory.

Question 10

A 54-year-old patient tells the nurse that she is very upset that her son has become involved in demonstrations protesting corporate lobbying. Which of Kohlberg's stages of moral development does the nurse identify as her patient's current stage?

A) Adaptation
B) Assimilation
C) Conventional
D) Pre-conventional

Accepted Answer

1. In the conventional stage, the individual focuses on doing his or her duty to keep the social order, which the patient would prefer her son to do. Adaptation and assimilation are concepts of Piaget's cognitive theory, not Kohlberg's stages of moral development. The pre-conventional stage is characterized by avoidance of punishment.

Question 11

A nurse is working with a patient who needs to change unwanted or undesired behavior. The nurse recognizes that which patient response indicates that patient is at the pre-contemplation stage of the stages of change model? Select all that apply.

A) The patient denies having a problem.
B) The patient acknowledges the problem.
C) The patient has no desire to change the problem.
D) The patient begins to make plans to change the problem.
E) The patient begins to seriously consider changing the problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is working with a patient...

Question 12

The patient, who is in recovery for alcohol addiction and is a heavy smoker, tells his nurse that he can never stop smoking because it is the only way he can relieve stress. He thinks his other problems are much more serious than his smoking. Having assessed that the patient is at the pre-contemplation stage of change, what would be an appropriate action for the nurse to take?

A) Help the patient make a plan to stop smoking.
B) Offer information regarding therapies and treatment options.
C) Help the patient identify specific stressors and some alternative ways to manage them.
D) Tell the patient that he is risking his life by smoking and must find a way to stop soon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The patient, who is in recovery for...

Question 13

A Native American patient diagnosed with lung cancer wants to have a shaman come to the hospital to perform a healing ceremony at his bedside. Using Leininger's theory, how should the nurse respond?&#10;A) &#34;I will help arrange the visit for you.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;That is not an acceptable part of hospital procedures.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;It might interfere with your current course of treatment.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;It is not a good idea because it might upset the other patients.&#34;&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A Native American patient diagnosed with lung...

Question 14

According to Piaget's cognitive theory of development, which nursing considerations are most appropriate when caring for a 6-year-old child? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Promote interaction with peers.&#10;B) Offer explanations of assessments and procedures.&#10;C) Provide consistency of caregiver; address stranger anxiety.&#10;D) Provide clear and complete information, in both verbal and written form.&#10;E) Provide opportunities to touch or play with medical equipment prior to assessments and procedures.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Piaget's cognitive theory of development,...

Question 15

A patient tells her therapist that she is having an affair because she needs more attention and her husband won't give it to her. What component of personality functioning does the patient's statement indicate to the therapist?

A) Id
B) Ego
C) Sensorimotor
D) Self-esteem

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient tells her therapist that she...

Question 16

A nurse is making a presentation at her facility in order to promote the Tidal Model of care. What does the nurse describe as some of the commitments made between patients and providers in this model? Select all that apply.

A) Provide transparency.
B) Become the apprentice.
C) Develop genuine curiosity.
D) Teach appropriate language.
E) Determine the next steps in recovery.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is making a presentation at...

Question 17

A 74-year-old male patient is distressed that he has not accomplished all that he hoped to in his life. Based on Erikson's developmental stages, which conflict does the nurse consider this patient to be experiencing?

A) Integrity vs. despair
B) Generativity vs. stagnation
C) Identity vs. identity confusion
D) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 74-year-old male patient is distressed that...

Question 18

Which theory or concept does a psychiatric nurse consider to be most closely aligned with Erikson's developmental theory?&#10;A) Freud's psychosexual stages&#10;B) Freud's behaviorist concepts&#10;C) Sullivan's stages of interpersonal development&#10;D) Maslow's theory of self-actualization and hierarchy of needs&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory or concept does a psychiatric...

Question 19

Which theory does the nurse recognize as the approach that explains how the patient's transformation of information is used?&#10;A) Psychoanalytic theory&#10;B) Cognitive theory&#10;C) Psychosocial theory&#10;D) Humanistic theory&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which theory does the nurse recognize as...

Question 20

When planning care for patients on the mental health unit, which statement will the nurse consider as using principles associated with the humanistic theory?&#10;A) Emotional stress has a holistic relationship to physical symptoms.&#10;B) Patients rely on providers to develop solutions for their problems.&#10;C) The mind-body relationship focuses on biological explanations of illness.&#10;D) Clinical interventions are most effective when they focus on the current actions, feelings, and concerns of clients.&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of When planning care for patients on the...

Question 21

A nurse is working with a group of patients who have been identified as at risk for psychosis. Which therapeutic modality might be the most effective to help this population?&#10;A) Hypnosis&#10;B) Psychoanalysis&#10;C) Brief solution focused therapy&#10;D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is working with a group...

Question 22

A patient who lost his job as a result of his habitual lateness tells his therapist that he thinks his boss was making a big deal about nothing. What type of cognitive distortion does the therapist consider the patient to be exhibiting?

A) Arbitrary inference
B) Selective abstraction
C) Overgeneralization
D) Magnification/minimization

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient who lost his job as...

Question 23

A patient whose new job requires travel to Europe requests the nurse's assistance with fear of flying. What treatment method might the nurse select as likely to be the most effective?&#10;A) Psychoanalysis&#10;B) Aversion therapy&#10;C) Cognitive therapy&#10;D) Systematic desensitization&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient whose new job requires travel...

Question 24

A group of nurses is discussing various types of psychotherapy. What do they identify as universal practice principles among the different theories and methodologies? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Establishing goals&#10;B) Using effective medications&#10;C) Establishing a treatment time frame&#10;D) Determining behavioral objectives&#10;E) Establishing a therapeutic alliance&#10;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A group of nurses is discussing various...

Deck 4: Psychological Concepts: Theories and Therapies