Deck 14: Health, Health Care, and Disability

Question 1

Rates of illness are highest among the old and the young.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

One of the most important factors in improving life expectancy is improved access to safe water.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The United States spends a larger percentage of its gross domestic product on health care than other countries; this high percentage of spending ensures that the U.S. population is among the healthiest in the world.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Research shows that although preventive health care is good for an individual's health, it does not necessarily decrease the overall total costs of health care.

Question 5

From a conflict perspective, people with disabilities are members of a subordinate group.

Question 6

Marijuana is widely used on a daily basis because, although it is illegal, it has no negative effects on health.

Question 7

Women have always had longer life expectancy than men.

Question 8

Many practitioners of Western medicine are opposed to alternative medicine because alternative medicine treats health care too much like a science and not enough like an art.

Question 9

In the United States, all full-time workers must receive health insurance as part of their benefits package.

Question 10

The Canadian health care system is an example of socialized medicine.

Question 11

Until the 1960s and 1970s, most doctors in the United States were white, upper-middle or upper-class men.

Question 12

Great Britain has a system of socialized medicine.

Question 13

Although rural Americans make up 20 percent of the U.S. population, only 10 percent of the nation's physicians practice in rural areas.

Question 14

Many practitioners of alternative medicine take a holistic approach.

Question 15

Longer life expectancy is a reflection of women's better health status than men's.

Question 16

Social scientists are now in agreement that mental illness is essentially a myth.

Question 17

Illness is a social construction; definitions may change over time and between cultures.

Question 18

Medicaid is a federal health care program that provides the same services for all low-income people throughout the United States.

Question 19

The social and physical environments in which people live are a significant factor in the extent to which they may be considered disabled.

Question 20

Today, the average life expectancy from birth is 60 years or more in all countries.

Question 21

The is equal to the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

A) child mortality rate
B) infant mortality rate
C) first year of life rate
D) baby mortality rate

Question 22

Taking an aspirin to reduce a fever is an example of drug use.

A) recreational
B) chronic
C) pleasure
D) therapeutic

Question 23

A child born in the United States in 2015 has a life expectancy of nearly .

A) 75 years
B) 80 years
C) 85 years
D) 90 years

Question 24

Sociologists use the term for socially defined and culturally variable states of interference with health.

A) disease
B) disorder
C) illness
D) addiction

Question 25

When a drug is taken for a specific purpose or remedial effect, this is termed use.

A) standard
B) therapeutic
C) chronic
D) recreational

Question 26

Social epidemiologists use the term for biological, nutritional, chemical, and physical factors that cause disease.

A) hosts
B) environmental factors
C) disease agents
D) health coefficients

Question 27

Two of the most common sources of chronic disease and premature death are .

A) stroke and infectious disease
B) AIDS and heart disease
C) heart disease and accidents
D) tobacco use and alcohol abuse

Question 28

Older people (over age 65) are more likely to have diseases.

A) acute
B) epidemic
C) chronic
D) infectious

Question 29

What is a drug?

A) any substance that may be ingested and has no nutritional value
B) a substance that is habit forming or addictive
C) any substance other than food and water that, when taken into the body, alters its function in some way
D) a pharmaceutical substance that is manufactured in a laboratory

Question 30

At one time, health was considered to be simply the absence of disease. However, today the World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as the .

A) state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
B) absence of infection
C) absence of sickness, viruses, and physical pains
D) state of equilibrium, with all the parts in balance

Question 31

is the term for an institutional system concerned with the scientific diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of illness.

A) Health care
B) Medicine
C) Scientific medicine
D) Holistic medicine

Question 32

Which region of the world has the lowest life expectancy?

A) the Arab States
B) sub-Saharan Africa
C) Latin America and the Caribbean
D) East Asia and the Pacific

Question 33

is a measure of the estimated average lifetime of people born in a specific year.

A) Life expectancy
B) Life cycle
C) Life span
D) Life longevity

Question 34

Researchers have identified several reasons why neighborhoods make a difference in relation to health and mortality. Which of the following reasons was not cited as a reason why neighborhoods make a difference in relation to health and mortality?

A) access to transportation, education, and good jobs
B) availability of safe areas to exercise
C) relative number of traffic accidents
D) availability of grocery stores with nutritious foods

Question 35

is the term for any activity intended to improve health.

A) Curing
B) Healing
C) Medicine
D) Health care

Question 36

Social epidemiologists investigate .

A) the human host
B) the social atmosphere
C) health coefficients
D) microscopic carriers

Question 37

Which of these countries has the highest life expectancy?

A) Malawi
B) United States
C) Sweden
D) Monaco

Question 38

Which of these is an example of a chronic disease?

A) diabetes
B) stroke
C) infection
D) dysentery or diarrhea

Question 39

is the study of the causes and distribution of health, disease, and impairment throughout a population.

A) Sociology of medicine
B) Social epidemiology
C) Social health
D) Social medicine

Question 40

Which of these is an example of an acute disease?

A) diabetes
B) lung cancer
C) multiple sclerosis
D) dysentery or diarrhea

Question 41

The is widely considered the catalyst for the emergence of modern medical education.

A) Coleman Report
B) Landsteiner Report
C) Ford Foundation
D) Flexner Report

Question 42

Throughout its history in the United States, payment for medical care has been .

A) on a fee-for-service basis
B) through a third-party provider
C) taken care of by health maintenance organizations
D) through the federal government

Question 43

Which of these is the single most preventable cause of disease, disability, and death in the United States?

A) tobacco use
B) alcohol use
C) automobile use
D) sun tanning and tanning booth use

Question 44

About how many people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS?

A) 400,000
B) 4 million
C) 40 million
D) 400 million

Question 45

Researchers have found that environmental tobacco smoke (the smoke in the air inhaled by nonsmokers as a result of other people's tobacco smoking) .

A) affects nonsmokers as much as smokers
B) affects female smokers more than it does male smokers
C) kills over 40,000 people a year
D) is not as dangerous as once assumed

Question 46

Researchers predict that over the next few decades in the United States, .

A) obesity will be in decline among the population
B) obesity will reduce life expectancy by two to five years
C) obesity will cease to be a problem
D) obesity will be curable using medications

Question 47

means that patients are billed separately for each service that they receive, including treatment by doctors, laboratory work, hospital visits, prescriptions, and other health-related expenses.

A) Third-party provider
B) Fee-for-service
C) Health maintenance organization
D) Managed care

Question 48

is the most extensively used illegal drug in the United States.

A) Tobacco
B) Marijuana
C) Heroin
D) Alcohol

Question 49

During the nineteenth century in the United States, which of the following was not one of the ways a person could become a medical doctor?

A) purchasing a mail-order diploma
B) taking medical licensure exams
C) being an apprentice
D) completing high school and attending a series of lectures

Question 50

Until recently, the only high-income nation without some form of universal health coverage for all citizens was __________.

A) New Zealand
B) Sweden
C) the United States
D) Japan

Question 51

Which of the following is used to treat syphilis?

A) penicillin
B) warfarin
C) antiretroviral therapy
D) holistic medicine

Question 52

Which of these is not a condition that has been attributed to long-term chronic heavy drinking or alcoholism?

A) nutritional deficiencies
B) cardiovascular problems
C) hearing impairment
D) alcoholic cirrhosis

Question 53

According to the text, with professionalization, gained control over the entire medical establishment in the United States.

A) the American Medical Association
B) licensed medical doctors
C) insurance companies
D) medical schools

Question 54

use occurs when a person takes a drug for no purpose other than for achieving a pleasurable feeling or an altered psychological state.

A) Recreational
B) Chronic
C) Therapeutic
D) Acute

Question 55

All of these were components of Flexner's model medical school except .

A) medical education should be fulltime
B) medical colleges should be research facilities
C) medical education should be focused on teaching and research
D) medical colleges should provide the best medical care

Question 56

Someone smoking cigarettes is an example of drug use.

A) therapeutic
B) chronic
C) acute
D) recreational

Question 57

Chronic heavy drinking has been linked to .

A) high caloric consumption and high nutritional intake
B) low caloric consumption and high nutritional intake
C) low caloric consumption and low nutritional intake
D) high caloric consumption and low nutritional intake

Question 58

AIDS is caused by and is among the most significant health problems that this nation and the world face today.

A) human immunity virus
B) human immunodeficiency virus
C) high-level immunity virus
D) acquired human virus

Question 59

What is the world's leading infectious killer?

A) cancer
B) HIV
C) Ebola
D) SARS

Question 60

The most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease, in terms of number of cases, listed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is .

A) gonorrhea
B) syphilis
C) HIV/AIDS
D) chlamydia

Question 61

Critics argue that is the main reason for medical inflation because it gives doctors and hospitals an incentive to provide increased medical services.

A) use of health maintenance organization
B) managed care
C) third-party fee-for-service
D) Medicare

Question 62

Since passage of the Affordable Care Act, approximately how many previously uninsured people aged 19 to 25 gained health insurance?

A) 600,000
B) 1 million
C) 3 million
D) 6 million

Question 63

How many parts are there to Medicare?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 64

A is a document stating a person's wishes regarding the medical circumstances under which his or her life should be terminated.

A) living will
B) medical contract
C) personal pact
D) living covenant

Question 65

Prior to passage of the Affordable Care Act, approximately how many people in the United States lacked health insurance?

A) 4 million
B) 23 million
C) 43 million
D) 100 million

Question 66

provide, for a set monthly fee, total care with an emphasis on prevention to avoid costly treatment later.

A) Third-party payer programs
B) Federally funded programs
C) Fee-for-service
D) Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)

Question 67

refers to a health care system in which the government owns the health care facilities and employs the physicians.

A) Universal health care
B) Health maintenance organization
C) A fee-for-service system
D) Socialized medicine

Question 68

Stem cells are important medically because .

A) they are the foundation of in vitro fertilization
B) they can be used to generate any specialized cell in the human body
C) they are essential to various types of preventive medical approaches
D) they are the only area of research that all sides can agree on politically

Question 69

In Great Britain, the government sets health care policies, raises funds and controls the medical care budget, owns health care facilities, and directly employs physicians and other health care personnel. This is an example of a __________.

A) universal health care system
B) fee-for-service health care system
C) socialized medicine system
D) managed care system

Question 70

Which group has the highest rate of uninsured children?

A) African Americans
B) Asians
C) Hispanics
D) whites

Question 71

is a nationwide public health insurance program for persons age 65 or older who are covered by Social Security or who are eligible and "buy into" the program by paying a monthly premium.

A) Medicaid
B) AARP
C) Medicare
D) Social Supplementary Income

Question 72

In a , patients pay premiums into a fund that in turn pays doctors and hospitals for each treatment that patient receives.

A) fee-for-service program
B) third-party provider program
C) health maintenance organization program
D) managed care program

Question 73

is a nationwide public health insurance program that is a jointly funded federal-state-local program established to make health care more available to the poor.

A) Medicaid
B) Medicare
C) Social Security
D) Social Supplementary Income

Question 74

A preferred provider organization is a form of .

A) fee-for-service
B) health maintenance organization
C) managed care
D) third-party provider

Question 75

In China, the health care system is .

A) socialized and managed care
B) managed care and universal care
C) a mix of capitalism, communism, and government-funded care
D) universal care and communist funded

Question 76

After a lengthy political battle, a health care reform bill was signed into law in the United States in 2010. The name of the bill is the .

A) Obama Health Care Reform Bill
B) Affordable Care Act
C) U.S. Health Maintenance Act
D) Patient Right to Health Care Bill

Question 77

is any system of cost containment that closely monitors and controls health care providers' decisions about medical procedures, diagnostic tests, and other services that should be provided to patients.

A) Fee-for-service programs
B) Health maintenance organizations
C) Third-party providers
D) Managed care

Question 78

Canada has a(n) system in which all citizens receive medical services paid for by tax revenues. In Canada, these revenues are supplemented by insurance premiums paid by all taxpaying citizens.

A) universal health care
B) health maintenance organization
C) fee-for-service medical care
D) managed care

Question 79

A central tenet of the 2010 health care reform bill in the United States is .

A) deregulation of medical doctors and services provided
B) fee-for-service payments
C) affordable insurance through a new insurance marketplace
D) a single-payer nationalized health care system

Question 80

In regard to a third-party provider system of health care, patients .

A) have an incentive to limit their visits to doctors, but not to hospitals
B) usually seek a second opinion on recommended medical procedures
C) usually pay for their own services
D) have no incentive to limit doctor or hospital visits