Deck 20: Dissent, Depression, and War

Question 1

What might the phrase attributed to Mary Elizabeth Lease, "raise less corn and more hell," have referred to?

A) That farmers should agitate more vocally for their rights
B) That farmers should form white mobs to control blacks
C) That farmers should rebel against police and local government
D) That women farmers should stop working to protest their oppression by men

Answer 1

That farmers should agitate more vocally for their rights

Question 2

What was the outcome of the four-and-a-half-month-long strike at the Homestead mill?

A) The strikers were forced to find new jobs.
B) The plant shut down forever to avoid another tragedy.
C) The strikers returned to work minus their union leaders.
D) Labor had won a decisive victory that improved life for all workers.

Answer 2

The strikers returned to work minus their union leaders.

Question 3

After his six-month jail sentence for his part in the Pullman strike, union leader Eugene Debs believed that

A) unions must work within the existing government structure.
B) unions were absolutely necessary to protect workers' interests.
C) workers must take control and establish a socialist state.
D) the Republican party offered the best solutions for American workers' problems.

Answer 3

workers must take control and establish a socialist state.

Question 4

Which group or groups took part in the February 1892 St. Louis gathering, which evolved into the People's party?

A) Loyal Republicans and Democrats
B) Factory managers, bankers, and civil engineers
C) Farmers, labor unionists, and women's leaders
D) Third-party dissidents with ties to anarchists

Question 5

What issues formed the basis of farmers' dissatisfaction in the late nineteenth century?

A) Banking, railroading, and speculation
B) Weather and mechanization
C) Family farming, homesteading, and agribusiness
D) Sharecropping and tenant farming

Question 6

How did the Populists propose to help American farmers in the 1890s?

A) They recommended that farmers join forces with industrial workers in American cities.
B) They suggested that farmers increase both the production and the price of crops.
C) They recommended creating a government-sponsored subtreasury.
D) They advocated decentralizing the railroads to make them fairer to small businesses.

Question 7

Why did the American temperance movement attract women in the late nineteenth century?

A) It gave them a higher social standing.
B) It promoted churchgoing for women and men.
C) Drunkenness adversely affected women in many ways.
D) It wanted to keep the issue of alcohol consumption out of national politics.

Question 8

One of the root causes of the major strike at the Pullman plant in 1893 was

A) George Pullman's raising rents in his town.
B) the inability of labor and management to negotiate a new contract.
C) Eugene Debs's participation in the negotiation process.
D) the company's attempts to control the work process.

Question 9

What sparked the Homestead lockout and the ensuing strike in 1892?

A) Workers demanded higher wages, shorter days, sick pay, and safer working conditions.
B) The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers tried to renew its contract.
C) Henry Clay Frick fired several workers for refusing to adopt the company's new ten-hour workday.
D) Andrew Carnegie left for Scotland after refusing to shorten workers' shifts.

Question 10

What happened after the governor of Pennsylvania ordered 8,000 National Guard troops into Homestead?

A) Frick reopened the mill using strikebreakers for labor.
B) Carnegie gave in to the workers' demands.
C) The workers organized a mass attack against the troops.
D) A labor leader murdered Henry Clay Frick.

Question 11

What issue triggered the Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894?

A) The Western Federation of Miners' demanded that workers should own the gold mines.
B) Owners attempted to lengthen the workday from eight to ten hours.
C) Miners were displeased with the outcome of Colorado's gubernatorial election in 1892.
D) Miners organized to demand higher wages.

Question 12

The Populists' plan to help western farmers in the 1890s included

A) government ownership of railroads and telegraph lines.
B) continuation of the gold standard to tighten the money supply and limit credit.
C) a march on Washington to promote agricultural freedom and democracy.
D) higher tariffs to support the inflation of farm prices.

Question 13

What decision made by Henry Clay Frick led to the deaths and injuries that took place at the Homestead mill in 1892?

A) The call for the Pennsylvania National Guard to defend the plant
B) The hiring of Pinkertons to enter the plant via the river
C) The call for strikebreakers to fire on the striking workers
D) The plan to shut the plant's doors and arm nonunion workers

Question 14

The Farmers' Alliance movement of the 1880s aimed to help farmers

A) by sponsoring cooperatives that would give them greater economic independence.
B) through underwriting a large-scale campaign against sharecropping in the South.
C) through lending money to small farmers so they could compete with agribusinesses.
D) by facilitating their cooperation with urban workers in northern cities.

Question 15

By 1892, the Farmers' Alliance had become

A) a party of farmers, lawyers, and professors.
B) the People's party.
C) a branch of the Democratic party.
D) an advocate of the gold standard.

Question 16

The platform of the People's party in the 1890s

A) called for less government intervention in the United States.
B) presented an alternative vision of economic democracy.
C) was fundamentally a traditionalist response to hard times.
D) called for the reorganization of the U.S. government along Communist principles.

Question 17

Which event led to the end of the Pullman strike of 1893?

A) The courts issued an injunction leading to the imprisonment of Eugene Debs.
B) Eugene Debs decided to demonstrate his power by capitulating to management.
C) The army immediately forced the strikers to abandon their demands.
D) George Pullman announced his willingness to negotiate with the American Railway Union.

Question 18

Which of the following problems was a drawback of living in the town of Pullman, Illinois?

A) The abundance of saloons
B) The rapidly rising crime rate
C) The high rents
D) The substandard housing

Question 19

"Continued and menacing lawlessness marked the progress yesterday of Dictator Debs and those who obey his orders in their efforts at coercing the railroads of the country into obeying the mandates of the American Railway Union. . . . At Blue Island, anarchy reigned. The Mayor and police force of that town could do nothing to repress the riotous strikers and they did their own sweet will. . . ." Who, according to this 1894 Chicago Tribune article, practiced "continued and menacing lawlessness"?

A) Railroad bosses
B) Union strikers
C) The police who suppressed the strike
D) Newly arrived immigrant workers

Question 20

Compared to the Homestead lockout, labor's success at Cripple Creek demonstrated

A) the power of united, dedicated, and politicized workers.
B) the benevolence of western mine owners.
C) the importance of state support in the outcome of labor disputes.
D) the weakness of Colorado's Populist governor Davis H. Waite.

Question 21

How did the People's party fare in the presidential election of 1892?

A) It won fewer than one million votes.
B) It failed to win a spot on the ballot in twenty-five states.
C) It captured more than a million votes.
D) It won very few votes owing to black disfranchisement in the South.

Question 22

According to Map 20.1: The Election of 1892, which of the following was true of the election of 1892?

A) A majority of the public voted for the People's Party candidate.
B) Most of the southern states voted for the Democratic candidate.
C) Most of the southern states voted for the Republican candidate.
D) Most states were evenly split between the Democratic and Republican candidates.

Question 23

Suffragists suffered a bitter defeat in 1896 when a referendum on woman suffrage failed in which state?

A) Colorado
B) California
C) Utah
D) Massachusetts

Question 24

The Boxer uprising in China in 1899 targeted

A) missionaries.
B) western businessmen.
C) Japanese and British businesses.
D) Chinese farmers.

Question 25

In 1894, Jacob S. Coxey led thousands of unemployed people to Washington to propose a plan to

A) put the jobless to work building roads.
B) replace paper currency with gold and silver coins.
C) nationalize railroads.
D) create a new program for farm relief.

Question 26

What was the impact of the 1896 election on the Populist party?

A) The Populist party was the biggest loser.
B) The Populist party was stronger than ever.
C) Populist ideas were dropped from the national political agenda.
D) Southern Populists shifted their allegiance to the Republican party.

Question 27

After Frances Willard assumed the presidency of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union in 1879, the organization's focus gradually changed to include

A) alcoholism as a sin and poverty as the result of drink.
B) social action, labor conditions, and women's voting rights.
C) the use of education and persuasion in an effort to ban the sale of alcohol.
D) prayer and missionary work to draw women back into church membership.

Question 28

Some Americans called for U.S. expansion in the 1890s to

A) acquire new markets.
B) oppose the lobbying of American business interests.
C) counteract the nation's shrinking capacity for production.
D) make up for the decrease in European imports.

Question 29

According to Map 20.3: The Spanish-American War, 1898, which of the following was a Spanish possession in 1898?

A) The Philippines
B) Haiti
C) The Dominican Republic
D) Formosa

Question 30

How did the federal government respond when American sugar interests requested that the United States annex Hawai'i in 1893?

A) President Benjamin Harrison opposed the plan because he did not believe the United States could annex geographically distant territory.
B) President Grover Cleveland withdrew the annexation request from Congress when he learned that Hawaiians opposed it.
C) Congress lowered the tariff on sugar in order to avoid the complications associated with annexation.
D) The Senate tabled the request in order to respect the president's wishes.

Question 31

What was one outcome of the depression of 1893 in the United States?

A) Americans criticized government spending.
B) The federal government offered generous aid to the unemployed.
C) Most elected officials rejected laissez-faire politics.
D) It put nearly half of the labor force out of work.

Question 32

In addition to economic motivations, which factor contributed to U.S. expansion overseas in the 1890s?

A) Christian missionaries' eagerness to spread the Gospel
B) Americans' interest in new religions and cultures
C) The federal government's commitment to promote cultural understanding
D) The federal government's plan to provoke religious conflict in Asia

Question 33

What were the chief priorities of American diplomacy at the end of the nineteenth century?

A) Maintaining peaceful international relations in order to maintain a primary focus on the American West
B) Building democracy and protecting human rights in the Western Hemisphere, Asia, and the Pacific
C) The protection of the Monroe Doctrine and Open Door Policy from German and Japanese expansion into the Pacific and Asia
D) The acquisition of new colonies for the settlement of its burgeoning population

Question 34

What made presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan's 1896 campaign particularly notable?

A) He reversed his opinion mid-campaign to support retention of the gold standard.
B) He set a new style for presidential campaigning by traveling and speaking widely.
C) His campaign strategies led him to win the popular vote but lose the Electoral College vote.
D) He pioneered dramatic campaign tactics by traveling the country carrying a large gold cross.

Question 35

At the St. Louis People's party convention in 1896, the Populist delegates decided to

A) denounce the Cleveland administration as tyrannical.
B) call for the preservation of the gold standard.
C) give up on winning support from urban workers.
D) nominate Tom Watson for vice president.

Question 36

What factor posed a major obstacle to the alignment of the Populists and Democrats in the election of 1896?

A) William McKinley's running mate, Garret Hobart
B) William Jennings Bryan's running mate, Arthur Sewall
C) The campaign's focus on woman suffrage
D) Western Populists' hatred of Democrats

Question 37

Which of the following describes the National Woman Suffrage Association, which Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony formed in 1869?

A) It was the first women's group in America.
B) It was the most conservative group of women in America.
C) It focused on both voting rights and wage equalization.
D) It demanded the vote for women.

Question 38

By 1900, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) could claim credit for

A) the emergence of an organized movement for woman suffrage.
B) providing a generation of women with experience in political action.
C) securing the right to vote for all women.
D) securing a constitutional amendment banning the sale and consumption of alcohol.

Question 39

Which candidate made an eloquent plea for free silver-"Do not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold"- in 1896?

A) Grover Cleveland
B) Arthur M. Sewall
C) William Jennings Bryan
D) Tom Watson

Question 40

Which issue sparked conflict in the Democratic and Republican parties as the election of 1896 approached and the depression worsened?

A) Increasing crop prices
B) The unlimited coinage of silver
C) The parties' positions on labor reforms
D) The question of whether or not to control trusts

Question 41

The 1898 Treaty of Paris that ended the war with Spain ceded which islands to the United States?

A) Cuba, Haiti, and the Samoan Islands
B) Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines
C) The Virgin Islands and Guantanamo
D) San Salvador and the Aleutian Islands

Question 42

For what reason was it difficult for the United States to win control of the Philippines after 1898?

A) U.S. business interests saw no reason to develop markets in that part of the world.
B) Congress did not adequately support the war effort.
C) Filipino revolutionaries fought against the United States for seven years.
D) A majority of people in the United States at the time opposed imperialism.

Question 43

In what ways did American Christian missionaries contribute to expansionist American policy in the late 1890s?

Question 44

The U.S. role in the 1895 border crisis in Venezuela signaled to the world that

A) revolution in South America was inevitable without U.S. intervention.
B) the Monroe Doctrine was all but useless without American military might.
C) the United States had achieved hegemony in Latin America and the Caribbean.
D) the United States would go to great lengths to avoid military conflict with Great Britain.

Question 45

What factors accounted for the success of the Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894?

Question 46

For what reason did William Jennings Bryan oppose foreign acquisitions for the United States?

A) He believed expansionism only distracted the nation from problems at home.
B) He predicted that acquisitions would lead to wars with England, Japan, and Germany.
C) He feared that the United States would have to build democratic institutions in those nations.
D) He believed the federal government lacked the strength to properly conquer foreign nations.

Question 47

Discuss the causes taken up by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). How did the group's focus evolve under the leadership of Frances Willard?

Question 48

Secretary of State John Hay initiated the Open Door Policy in 1900

A) to ensure trade between the United States and Africa.
B) for the protection of trade between the United States and Latin America.
C) in order to allow Asian immigrants to enter the United States.
D) to guarantee access to trade in China for all colonial powers.

Question 49

What position did President Cleveland take in the 1895 border dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana that tested the Monroe Doctrine?

A) Britain should give in to Venezuela.
B) America had the right to step in and mediate.
C) Venezuela should give in to Britain.
D) Venezuela should solve its own problems with the advice of the U.S. State Department.

Question 50

Why is the election of 1896 considered a watershed in American politics?

Question 51

Discuss the reasons behind the new expansionism that characterized U.S. foreign policy in the 1890s.

Question 52

Who became the most famous man in America after the Spanish-American War?

A) General William Shafter
B) Jim Dead Shot Simpson
C) William Howard Taft
D) Theodore Roosevelt

Question 53

The Platt Amendment in the 1898 Cuban constitution

A) gave Cuba total independence.
B) gave the United States the power to oversee Cuban debt.
C) made it Cuba's responsibility to establish a democracy.
D) established a two-party system in Cuba.

Question 54

What provoked America's entrance into the Spanish-American War in 1898?

A) Spain's attack on the coast of Florida
B) The sinking of the Maine
C) Spain's border dispute with Venezuela and Colombia
D) The nation's desire to colonize Cuba

Question 55

Discuss the evolution of the three major women's suffrage organizations in the late-nineteenth century.

Question 56

What did the United States hope to secure through the Spanish-American War?

A) Naval bases in Cuba and the Philippines
B) A part of Florida claimed by both Spain and the United States
C) Cuban independence from Spain
D) The area in which the United States hoped to build the Panama Canal

Question 57

Discuss the solutions the Populists suggested to solve the problems of U.S. farmers at the end of the nineteenth century.

Question 58

What were the various issues that concerned attendees of the Populist party convention in St. Louis in February 1892?

Question 59

What U.S. interests fueled the idea that the United States should intervene in the Cuban war? How did they promote their cause?

Question 60

What problems did U.S. farmers face in the 1890s?

Question 61

Three major strikes took place in the 1890s. Describe the events leading up to, as well as the circumstances and outcome, of each strike.

Question 62

Match the term with the definition.
1823 declaration that the Western Hemisphere was closed to further colonization or interference by European powers and that the United States would not become involved in European struggles. The United States strengthened the policy during the late nineteenth century.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 63

Match the term with the definition.
Led by an anti-foreign society, this Chinese insurgency led to the deaths of 30,000 Chinese converts and 250 foreign Christians.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 64

Match the term with the definition.
Strike led by the Western Federation of Miners in response to an attempt to lengthen their workday to ten hours. With the support of local businessmen and the Populist governor of Colorado, the miners successfully maintained an eight-hour day.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 65

Match the term with the definition.
Political party formed in 1892 by the Farmers' Alliance to advance the goals of the Populist movement. Populists sought economic democracy, promoting land, electoral, banking, and monetary reform. Republican victory in the presidential election of 1896 effectively destroyed the party.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 66

Compare and contrast the goals, strategies, and achievements of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in the 1890s. Which group was a more effective champion for women's issues and why?

Question 67

Match the term with the definition.
Policy recommended by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899-1900 that the major powers of the United States, Britain, Japan, Germany, France, and Russia should all have access to trade with China and that Chinese sovereignty be maintained.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 68

To what extent, if any, did the Open Door Policy represent a departure from the Monroe Doctrine?

Question 69

Match the term with the definition.
Movement to form local organizations to advance farmers' collective interests that gained wide popularity in the 1880s. In 1892, the organization gave birth to the People's party.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 70

Match the term with the definition.
1892 lockout of workers at the Homestead, Pennsylvania, steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract and workers prepared to strike. Union supporters attacked the Pinkerton National Detective Agency guards hired to protect the mill, but the National Guard soon broke the strike.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 71

Match the term with the definition.
Organization formed in 1890 that united the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association. The organization pursued state-level campaigns to gain the vote for women. With successes in Idaho, Colorado, and Utah, woman suffrage had become more accepted by the 1890s.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 72

Match the term with the definition.
Term first given to sensationalistic newspaper reporting and cartoon images rendered in yellow. A circulation war between two New York City papers provoked these tactics that fueled popular support for the Spanish-American war in 1898.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 73

What were the causes of the Spanish-American War? Who was fighting whom? What did each side win or lose in the Treaty of Paris?

Question 74

Match the term with the definition.
Railroad workers' 1894 boycott of trains carrying Pullman cars after Pullman workers, suffering radically reduced wages, joined the American Railway Union (ARU) and union leaders were fired in response. The boycott ended after the U.S. Army fired on strikers and ARU leader Eugene Debs was jailed.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 75

Discuss how the American economy in the late nineteenth century affected farmers, and how they tried to change economic policy through various associations, political parties, and movements.

Question 76

Match the term with the definition.
Unemployed men who marched to Washington, D.C., in 1894 to urge Congress to enact a public works program to end unemployment. The movement failed to force federal relief legislation.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism

Question 77

Match the term with the definition.
1898 conflict between Spain and the United States that left the latter an imperial power in control of Cuba and colonies in Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

A)Boxer uprising
B)Coxey's army
C)Cripple Creek miners' strike of 1894
D)Farmers' Alliance
E)Homestead lockout
F)Monroe Doctrine
G)National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
H)Open Door policy
I)People's Party (Populist Party)
J)Pullman boycott
K)Spanish-American War
L)yellow journalism