Deck 11: The Expanding Republic

Question 1

How did Andrew Jackson and many of his followers hope to maximize economic opportunity?

A) By imposing higher income taxes on the rich
B) By implementing a broad range of social programs
C) By supporting wealthy business owners in order to create more jobs
D) By ending government support for business

Answer 1

By ending government support for business

Question 2

For workers in early Massachusetts factories, wages were

A) high because workers were hard to obtain.
B) high because labor unions fought for increases.
C) low because workers were easily replaced.
D) low because workers were considered no better than slaves.

Answer 2

low because workers were easily replaced.

Question 3

How did political leaders feel about political parties after 1828?

A) Political parties were inimical to virtuous political behavior.
B) Political parties were an unfair way to manipulate the electoral system.
C) Political parties appealed only to lower-class people.
D) Political parties created important party loyalty.

Answer 3

Political parties created important party loyalty.

Question 4

Lawyers of the 1820s and 1830s created the legal foundation for an economy that gave priority to

A) individuals interested in maximizing their own wealth.
B) farmers who hoped to grow food on a subsistence level.
C) union members who struggled to protect their wages.
D) employers who took an interest in the safety of their workers.

Question 5

A hallmark of the Jacksonian era was the common belief among Americans that

A) a single political party is the best route to efficient government.
B) people and societies can shape their own destinies.
C) equality for all is worth fighting for.
D) the federal government can rationally solve all of the nation's problems.

Question 6

How did state governments facilitate the building of transportation networks in the early nineteenth century?

A) They distributed the federal funds earmarked for the construction of public roads.
B) They directly funded road-building.
C) They disallowed the formation of monopolies in order to foster competition.
D) They granted subsidies to private investors who funded construction.

Question 7

Which group made up the bulk of the workforce in New England textile mills until the 1840s?

A) Older men who could not physically handle more strenuous work
B) Young men who sought careers in America's expanding economy
C) Young women who hoped to gain more autonomy
D) Immigrant families who escaped from the factory system in Europe

Question 8

Who earned the nickname "the Barbecue Orator" for giving campaign speeches at rallies, picnics, and banquets?

A) Andrew Jackson
B) Henry Clay
C) John Quincy Adams.
D) John C. Calhoun

Question 9

Which factor contributed to the Panic of 1819?

A) The rising prices for American cotton overseas
B) A contraction of the money supply
C) Pessimism concerning U.S. economic prospects
D) The slackening of consumer demand for numerous goods

Question 10

"Upon this, several wicked and malicious girls . . . undertook to get up a turn out, with a view to threaten the agents with an entire stoppage of the works, in order to exact the higher rates of wages. . . . On Friday and Saturday from 800 to 1000 girls revolted under the most laughable delusions, that mischief could invent. The first day, processions were formed of about 700 girls, who listened to sundry stimulative exhortations, . . . and marched through the streets, ankle-deep in mud. . . . Saturday became a day of repentance to many; and they would gladly have returned to their business, but for a pledge, cunningly devised, that each who did so, should forfeit five dollars to the rebels. The Sabbath afforded opportunity for a little more cool reflection, and on Monday morning, a large concourse attended by a parcel of idle men and boys, heard another speech. . . . The result of the whole matter is, that a few of the ring-leaders are refused entrance into the mills. . . ." What attitude did the author of this document take toward the Lowell girls and their "turn out"?

A) The author was sympathetic to their cause and tactics.
B) The author was sympathetic to their cause, but thought their tactics were flawed.
C) The author was unsympathetic to the Lowell girls.
D) The author was impartial; it is impossible to glean his or her attitude.

Question 11

According to his 1828 campaign poster, which of the following was offered in support of Andrew Jackson's presidential bid?

A) He was a war hero.
B) He was very wealthy.
C) He had the most political experience.
D) He fought and killed many Indian rivals.

Question 12

Why did newspapers become crucial to party politics in Jacksonian America?

A) They remained the only source of information about matters of political concern.
B) The press during this period was known for its unbiased coverage of political issues.
C) Political cartoons helped illiterate Americans choose a candidate.
D) Many newspapers pushed an individual party's agenda.

Question 13

What role did bankers play in the economy of Jacksonian America?

A) They managed the paper money issued by state governments.
B) They managed the paper money issued by the federal government.
C) They issued banknotes that were used as money for all transactions.
D) They kept debt low by issuing loans to manufacturers but not to merchants.

Question 14

What was a consequence of the market revolution that followed the War of 1812?

A) It changed Americans' economic expectations.
B) It gave rise to an industrial economy like that of Britain.
C) It transformed the economy but affirmed traditional legal and banking practices.
D) It created new markets but did not alter the distribution of goods.

Question 15

Why did the number of white male voters increase between the elections of 1824 and 1828?

A) Most states abolished property qualifications for voting.
B) More white men owned property owing to the market revolution.
C) Increased wealth allowed more men to pay the poll tax.
D) Political parties paid men's poll tax in return for votes.

Question 16

As president, Andrew Jackson favored

A) a government that promoted economic development of America.
B) a powerful federal government that could shape people's lives.
C) a limited federal government with an Indian removal policy.
D) a strong government that expanded opportunities for all races.

Question 17

Andrew Jackson set an important political precedent when he selected his cabinet by

A) excluding members of political factions that were not loyal to him.
B) choosing a bipartisan cabinet with members of both political parties.
C) including politicians who were more representative of the common people.
D) appointing many of the same politicians as his predecessor.

Question 18

Why were canals an important innovation in the early nineteenth century?

A) They provided speedier transport of merchandise than had been previously possible.
B) They allowed cheaper transport because boats could support heavier loads.
C) They were not dependent on the support of reluctant state governments.
D) Major canals connected the cities of the North to the farms of the South.

Question 19

Which statement describes the effects of the first railroad lines in the United States?

A) They eliminated the need for canal transportation.
B) They provided an efficient distribution system for goods.
C) The federal government increased its budget to sponsor railroad lines.
D) They did not monopolize travel because lines were too short.

Question 20

How did steamboats, introduced in 1807, disrupt the natural environment?

A) Their use of coal led to excessive mining.
B) They frequently spilled toxic substances into the water.
C) The need for fuel led to deforestation.
D) They killed many different species of fish.

Question 21

According to Map 11.3: Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears, in what direction did the Trail of Tears run?

A) From north to south
B) From east to west
C) From south to north
D) From west to east

Question 22

What was the result of temperance campaigns led by the American Temperance Union?

A) Americans drank in greater numbers than ever before.
B) Politicians stopped getting involved in alcohol-related issues.
C) Middle-class Americans refused to stop drinking alcohol.
D) Alcohol consumption substantially diminished.

Question 23

How did President Jackson respond to South Carolina's threat of nullification?

A) He sent armed ships to Charleston harbor.
B) He increased the tariff.
C) He applauded South Carolina's assertion of states' rights.
D) He eliminated the tariff entirely.

Question 24

According to Map 11.3: Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears, which tribe was the last to cede its land?

A) Cherokee
B) Creek
C) Seminole
D) Choctaw

Question 25

Who organized the New York Female Moral Reform Society in 1833?

A) Women who considered themselves radicals
B) Women who called for less emphasis on religion
C) Women who wanted to vote and run for political office
D) Women who supported Charles Grandison Finney

Question 26

Why did Henry Clay and Daniel Webster convince the Bank of the United States to apply for an early renewal of its charter in 1832?

A) To continue its stabilizing benefits to the nation
B) To force President Jackson into an unpopular veto
C) To help President Jackson defeat the bank bill
D) To ensure Whigs in Congress would reject the charter

Question 27

What did the Supreme Court rule in the case of Worcester v. Georgia (1832)?

A) Cherokees could not use the U.S. court system to sue anyone.
B) The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was unconstitutional.
C) The laws of Georgia had no jurisdiction over the Cherokee.
D) Cherokee people had the rights of American citizenship.

Question 28

What changed after 1815 to strengthen the idea of separate spheres and separate duties for men and women?

A) Most women went to work in the newly established mills and factories.
B) Married women increasingly hired domestic workers to do housework.
C) Most men worked at home, either in farming or cottage industries.
D) Men's work increasingly brought cash to the household.

Question 29

In Advice to American Women, Mrs. A. J. Graves offered support for which new idea about gender relations in Jacksonian America?

A) American families should produce fewer children than previous generations did.
B) Men and women occupy separate spheres in American society.
C) Women should court men in a more aggressive fashion.
D) Men and women marry only after they reach the age of twenty-six.

Question 30

What was the Second Great Awakening?

A) An offshoot of Catholicism
B) An outpouring of evangelical religious fervor
C) A temperance movement
D) A male-dominated religious movement

Question 31

Which statement characterizes alcohol consumption in America in the decades up to 1830?

A) Alcohol consumption had steadily declined.
B) All social classes drank regularly.
C) Colleges and the military banned drinking.
D) Drinking was confined to persons over age eighteen.

Question 32

Despite the economic turmoil of Jackson's second administration, from 1835 to 1837, for the first and only time in U.S. history,

A) the national debt held even for three straight years.
B) the unemployment rate was only 5 percent.
C) the government had a surplus of money.
D) the number of women in the workforce equaled the number of men.

Question 33

What happened to most boys who did not remain on the farm during the 1820s and 1830s?

A) They left school at the age of fourteen to become an apprentice or a clerk.
B) They attended college in preparation for a career in a profession.
C) They left school at the age of sixteen in order to join the military.
D) They graduated high school but obtained only low-paying factory jobs.

Question 34

In 1830, President Jackson convinced Congress to pass legislation that

A) forced Native Americans to relocate west of the Mississippi.
B) compelled Native Americans to assimilate to white cultural practices.
C) established a network of Indian reservations.
D) declared war on resistant Native American groups.

Question 35

Who was the leading exemplar of the Second Great Awakening?

A) Charles Grandison Finney
B) Lyman Beecher
C) Mary Lyon
D) Maria Stewart

Question 36

How did Jackson's reelection in 1832 affect his view of the Bank of the United States?

A) His narrow victory convinced him to support the bank.
B) He hoped to let the original charter expire quietly in 1836.
C) He ordered federal deposits removed from its vaults.
D) He shut down the national bank and all state banks.

Question 37

From 1800 to 1820, church membership in the United States

A) declined.
B) doubled.
C) grew predominantly in Catholic churches.
D) became culturally irrelevant.

Question 38

The doctrine of nullification outlined by John C. Calhoun in response to the Tariff of Abominations argued that

A) the Supreme Court must settle any dispute between the federal government and an individual state.
B) states could declare null and void any federal tariff that raised duties above 35 percent.
C) the federal government could invalidate inappropriate statutes enacted by state legislatures.
D) when Congress overstepped its powers, states had the right to nullify Congress's acts.

Question 39

What was the infamous Trail of Tears?

A) The route taken by Cherokee warriors when they retreated after their defeat by the U.S. army
B) The Cherokee trip home from Washington after a failed attempt to keep some of their land
C) A 1,200-mile forced march of Cherokees who were expelled from their land
D) A Cherokee ritual mourning the loss of hundreds of their people in an unprovoked massacre

Question 40

How did the spread of public schools in the 1820s and 1830s change teaching?

A) More school districts hired women as cheap instructors.
B) Teachers acquired an elevated status as professionals.
C) Most teachers received an increase in pay.
D) Districts required that all teachers possess college degrees.

Question 41

Describe the basic conditions of factory life for women and girls who worked in textile manufacturing in the 1820s and 1830s.

Question 42

How did proslavery congressmen keep antislavery petitions out of the public record in 1836?

A) They passed a "gag rule" through Congress.
B) Congress ordered mail carriers to destroy the petitions.
C) They organized off-the-record hearings for the petitioners.
D) Congress enhanced manumission laws to defuse the protest.

Question 43

How did lawyers and bankers work together to change Jacksonian America? What were the pros and cons of this alliance?

Question 44

Which factor contributed to the Panic of 1837?

A) Businesses refused to liquefy their assets in order to pay off debts.
B) American bankers called for loans to be repaid only with banknotes.
C) Falling cotton prices prevented southern farmers from paying off northern creditors.
D) Real estate prices increased even as stock prices plummeted.

Question 45

What earned Martin Van Buren the nickname "The Little Magician"?

A) His economic plans eliminated the national debt.
B) He had demonstrated superior political skills over a lengthy career.
C) He became president without any experience in a national office.
D) He had convinced President Jackson to enlarge the federal government.

Question 46

Discuss the campaign of 1828 and how it solidified the existence of political parties.

Question 47

Which abolitionist condemned racism in the pamphlet An Appeal . . . to the Coloured Citizens of the World?

A) Maria Stewart
B) David Walker
C) Angelina Grimké
D) Sarah Grimké

Question 48

Why did three Whig candidates run against Martin Van Buren in the presidential election of 1836?

A) They hoped to show that Van Buren needed to be a more lenient president than Jackson had been.
B) Daniel Webster insisted on running even though he lacked support outside of the South.
C) Each candidate had a solid regional base, but none had the support of all regions.
D) They assumed that Van Buren was so unpopular that any of the three could win.

Question 49

How did the changing status and situation of Native Americans make it easier for Andrew Jackson and his supporters to justify Indian removal?

Question 50

Some Whig leaders blamed the financial collapse of 1837 on former President Jackson's

A) laissez-faire attitude toward monetary policy.
B) opposition to hard monetary policies.
C) treatment of Native Americans.
D) opposition to the national bank.

Question 51

Name the two parties that formed America's second party system and outline the most important differences in their philosophies.

Question 52

Andrew Jackson referred to the second Bank of the United States as a "monster." What did he find so monstrous about it?

Question 53

In 1831, William Lloyd Garrison launched the Liberator in order to advocate for

A) the paid transport of slaves back to Africa.
B) an immediate end to slavery.
C) gradual abolition.
D) the relocation of freed slaves in the North.

Question 54

Why did antislavery activists Angelina Grimké, Sarah Grimké, and Maria Stewart encounter hostility in the North?

A) No one was receptive to the substance of their speeches.
B) The women often insulted their white audiences.
C) Some northerners believed that women should not instruct men.
D) They insisted on being paid the same as men speaking on the same circuit.

Question 55

Explain why Martin Van Buren was a one-term president.

Question 56

When Andrew Jackson was a presidential candidate, how did his background and personal qualities work both in his favor and against him?

Question 57

Why did relatively few white northerners get involved in the campaign to eradicate slavery?

A) They were disconnected from racial issues.
B) Whites did not know about the violence of slavery.
C) Abolition societies charged exorbitant membership fees.
D) They tended to be racists, even when they opposed slavery.

Question 58

Discuss the unprecedented revival of religion known as the Second Great Awakening. Include a description of how Charles Grandison Finney used popular political concepts to get his religious message across.

Question 59

Describe the ways in which a shared American culture spread through Jacksonian America.

Question 60

How did the Whig candidate William Henry Harrison win the election of 1840?

A) By campaigning like a Democrat
B) By distancing himself from raucous rallies
C) By promoting his childhood on a Virginia plantation
D) By ignoring frivolities such as nicknames

Question 61

Match the term with the definition.
Political party that evolved out of the Democratic Republicans after 1834. Strongest in the South and West, the party embraced Andrew Jackson's vision of limited government, expanded political participation for white men, and the promotion of an ethic of individualism.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 62

Match the term with the definition.
Theory asserting that states could invalidate acts of Congress that exceeded its legislative powers. South Carolina advanced the theory in 1828 in response to an unfavorable federal tariff. A show of force by Andrew Jackson, combined with tariff revisions, ended the crisis.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 63

Match the term with the definition.
National bank with multiple branches chartered in 1816 for twenty years. Intended to help regulate the economy, the bank became a major issue in Andrew Jackson's reelection campaign in 1832, framed in political rhetoric about aristocracy versus democracy.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 64

Discuss the ways in which Andrew Jackson's personality and political philosophy trickled down through the Democratic party. Why was he so popular with so many people?

Question 65

Discuss the character and impact of the economic and legal revolutions on the American economy between 1815 and 1840. Did this market revolution have to be so antagonistic toward laborers? Explain your answer.

Question 66

Match the term with the definition.
Forced westward journey of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to present-day Oklahoma in 1838. Despite favorable legal action, the Cherokees endured a grueling 1,200-mile march overseen by federal troops. Nearly a quarter of them died en route.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 67

Match the term with the definition.
Organization founded in 1826 by Lyman Beecher that linked drinking with poverty, idleness, ill-health, and violence. Its lecturers traveled the country gaining converts to the cause. The movement had considerable success, contributing to a sharp drop in American alcohol consumption.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 68

Match the term with the definition.
Act that directed the mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory west of the Mississippi. Andrew Jackson insisted that his goal was to the save Native Americans. They resisted the controversial act, but in the end most were forced to comply.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 69

What qualities of northern society and the abolition movement that it fostered made it clear that the commitment to eradicating slavery was anything but universal and was often dangerously divisive?

Question 70

Match the term with the definition.
An organization of religious women inspired by the Second Great Awakening to eradicate sexual sin and male licentiousness. Formed in 1833, it spread to hundreds of auxiliaries and worked to curb male licentiousness, prostitution, and seduction.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 71

Match the term with the definition.
Transportation system finished in 1825, covering 350 miles between Albany and Buffalo and linking the port of New York City with the entire Great Lakes region. It turned New York City into the country's premier commercial city.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 72

Match the term with the definition.
Political party that evolved out of the National Republicans after 1834. With a Northeast power base, it supported federal action to promote commercial development and generally looked favorably on the reform movements associated with the Second Great Awakening.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 73

Match the term with the definition.
Manufacturing sites constructed along the Merrimack River in Massachusetts that pioneered the extensive use of female laborers. By 1836, they employed more than five thousand young women, living in boardinghouses under close supervision.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 74

Match the term with the definition.
Unprecedented religious revival in the 1820s and 1830s that promised access to salvation. The revival proved to be a major impetus for reform movements of the era, inspiring efforts to combat drinking, sexual sin, and slavery.

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 75

One of the most significant issues facing the Jackson administration was the "Indian problem." Discuss the Indian situation in the 1830s and Jackson's response.

Question 76

Match the term with the definition.

-PPPPPPP

A)American Temperance Society
B)Democrats
C)Erie Canal
D)Indian Removal Act of 1830
E)Lowell mills
F)New York Female Moral Reform Society
G)nullification
H)second Bank of the United States
I)Second Great Awakening
J)Trail of Tears
K)Whigs

Question 77

How did the Second Great Awakening mesh with America's market revolution? What did the religious message of this revival offer Americans who were not faring well in the modernizing economy?