Deck 24: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Aids

Question 1

The asymptomatic phase of HIV/AIDS infection usually lasts for about:

A) 3 to 6 weeks.
B) 6 to 14 months.
C) 2 to 3 years.
D) 10 to 12 years.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The two steps in virus detection for diagnosis of HIV/AIDS are:

A) antibody counts and viral load assays.
B) salivary swab and DNA analysis.
C) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening and Western blot testing.
D) lymph node biopsy and white blood cell count.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The HIV virus carries genetic material in the form of:

A) DNA.
B) RNA.
C) reverse transcriptase.
D) integrase.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The population group at greatest risk of HIV infection is:

A) nurses.
B) IV drug users.
C) people receiving blood transfusions.
D) people who practice irresponsible sexual behavior.

Question 5

Symptoms of fatigue, sore throat, muscle pain, fever, night sweats, and enlarged lymph nodes usually occur during:

A) the asymptomatic phase.
B) acute HIV infection.
C) the latent phase.
D) the final acute phase.

Question 6

Healthy infants born to mothers who are HIV positive should be:

A) breast-fed.
B) introduced to solid foods sooner than infants with healthy mothers.
C) breast-fed for 1 month and then formula-fed.
D) formula-fed.

Question 7

Common infections that can have major effects during the final acute phase of HIV infection are called:

A) pathologic infections.
B) opportunistic infections.
C) viral and fungal infections.
D) protozoal and bacterial infections.

Question 8

During the asymptomatic phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection:

A) the virus is dormant, waiting to be activated.
B) the virus continues to replicate in many cells and organs.
C) opportunistic infections are established.
D) the CD4⁺ T-cell count is very low.

Question 9

The stage of HIV infection in which viral growth is significant but not obvious is:

A) the acute infection stage.
B) the asymptomatic stage.
C) the seroconversion phase.
D) the final stage.

Question 10

HIV blocks the body's immune response by:

A) overwhelming the immune system.
B) causing malnutrition and wasting.
C) infecting and destroying helper B cells.
D) infecting and destroying helper T cells.

Question 11

Once initiated, antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be continued:

A) until opportunistic infections are resolved.
B) usually for periods of 3 to 6 months.
C) until CD4 T-cell count improves.
D) for the lifetime of the infected individual.

Question 12

If someone becomes infected with HIV/AIDS by sexual transmission, antibodies usually appear within:

A) 4 to 7 weeks.
B) 6 to 14 weeks.
C) 4 to 7 months.
D) 6 to 14 months.

Question 13

Nutrition counseling should be initiated for persons infected with HIV:

A) soon after diagnosis.
B) when they begin to experience symptoms of the disease.
C) when they experience nutrition-related drug side effects.
D) at the time that involuntary weight loss is noted.

Question 14

Worldwide, most AIDS is transmitted by:

A) IV drug abuse (needle sharing).
B) contaminated blood products.
C) heterosexual contact.
D) homosexual contact.

Question 15

Combined therapy with more than one antiretroviral drug is called:

A) complementary therapy.
B) combined HIV management (CHIVM).
C) comprehensive aggressive therapy (CAT).
D) combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Question 16

One way children become infected with HIV/AIDS is:

A) via the oral-fecal route.
B) through contaminated water supplies.
C) through contact with infected blood during delivery.
D) by living in close contact with an infected adult.

Question 17

Factors that affect the rate of progression of HIV/AIDS include:

A) HIV subtype.
B) age of the infected person.
C) gender of the infected person.
D) family history of HIV/AIDS.

Question 18

HIV is a:

A) retrovirus.
B) drug-resistant virus.
C) waterborne virus.
D) cellular virus.

Question 19

During the symptomatic stage of AIDS, energy needs may increase by:

A) 20% to30%.
B) 30% to 40%.
C) 40% to 50%.
D) 50% to 60%.

Question 20

If someone becomes infected with HIV/AIDS by receiving contaminated blood products, antibodies usually appear within:

A) 4 to 7 weeks.
B) 6 to 14 weeks.
C) 4 to 7 months.
D) 6 to 14 months.

Question 21

Weight loss in clients with AIDS is characterized by the loss of:

A) muscle protein.
B) extracellular fluid.
C) intracellular fluid.
D) bone mass.

Question 22

Risk of myocardial infarction is greatly increased in patients with HIV/AIDS who:

A) have lost significant amounts of body fat.
B) have lost significant amounts of muscle mass.
C) are experiencing active opportunistic infections.
D) are treated with ART.

Question 23

Patients with ART-related lipodystrophy accumulate fat in the:

A) abdominal area and dorsocervical pads.
B) nasolabial and cheek pads.
C) buttocks and thighs.
D) upper arms, neck, and chest areas.

Question 24

HIV infection results in:

A) loss of body cell mass.
B) increased carbohydrate metabolism.
C) increased appetite.
D) loss of hair.

Question 25

Initial nutrition assessment of a client who has AIDS should include:

A) lifestyle habits that led to his or her infection.
B) review of whether the client should receive ART.
C) diet evaluation only.
D) dietary intake, clinical assessment, and biochemical indexes.

Question 26

Patients with ART-related lipodystrophy often experience:

A) loss of inhibitions.
B) anger and hostility.
C) unexpected mood swings.
D) depression and anxiety.

Question 27

In patients infected with HIV/AIDS, nutrition support is most likely to minimize:

A) spread of the disease.
B) the number of medications needed to treat the disease.
C) involuntary weight loss and body tissue wasting.
D) drug toxicity.

Question 28

If the public drinking water has been declared to be unsafe for individuals with compromised immune systems, patients infected with HIV/AIDS should avoid ingesting:

A) commercial bottled water.
B) ice and fountain drinks in restaurants.
C) milk-based beverages.
D) bottled soft drinks in restaurants.

Question 29

A factor that often causes patients to stop using ART medications is:

A) rapid heartbeat.
B) headache and dizziness.
C) insomnia caused by restlessness.
D) depression caused by lipodystrophy.

Question 30

An important characteristic of the nutrition care plan for clients who have AIDS is:

A) use of the same basic plan for all clients.
B) maintaining a consistent, unchanging plan throughout the course of the disease.
C) basing the plan primarily on clinical observations.
D) use of an individualized plan and adjusting it as needed.

Question 31

A client with HIV/AIDS treated with ART who develops hyperlipidemia may benefit from following a:

A) DASH diet.
B) low-fat diet.
C) TLC diet.
D) sugar-free diet.

Question 32

Antiretroviral drugs currently being used to treat HIV infection include reverse transcriptase inhibitors and:

A) lipase inhibitors.
B) protease inhibitors.
C) antiviral inhibitors.
D) lipodystrophy inhibitors.

Question 33

A long-term complication of use of cART is:

A) cardiovascular disease.
B) liver failure.
C) neuropathy.
D) unusual increases in muscle mass.

Question 34

The best way to prevent unintentional weight loss is to:

A) avoid regular exercise.
B) maintain an adequate energy intake.
C) follow a high-protein diet.
D) include a variety of foods.

Question 35

The recommended protein intake for an asymptomatic patient infected with HIV/AIDS who weighs 80 kg would be approximately:

A) 48 g/day.
B) 64 g/day.
C) 96 g/day.
D) 160 g/day.

Question 36

The immune function of clients with AIDS may be adversely affected by megadose supplements of:

A) pyridoxine.
B) zinc.
C) folate.
D) vitamin

Question 37

Patients using ART have an increased risk of:

A) weight loss.
B) renal disease.
C) fatigue.
D) insulin resistance.

Question 38

The basic goal of nutrition counseling for clients who are HIV positive is:

A) adjusting unusual food patterns to become more normal.
B) promoting optimal nutritional status and quality of life.
C) providing megadoses of immune-enhancing vitamins and minerals.
D) encouraging them to eat according to their appetite.

Question 39

Lipodystrophy syndrome is characterized by:

A) fat malabsorption.
B) abnormal redistribution of fat.
C) fatty liver.
D) increased risk of kidney disease.

Question 40

The recommended protein intake for a patient infected with HIV/AIDS who has severe muscle wasting and weighs 60 kg would be approximately:

A) 36 to 48 g/day.
B) 48 to 60 g/day.
C) 72 to 90 g/day.
D) 72 to 120 g/day.

Question 41

Children with AIDS who develop lactose intolerance should:

A) eliminate all dairy products from the diet.
B) replace milk with soy-based infant formula.
C) substitute goat's milk for cow's milk in the diet.
D) follow a vegan diet.

Question 42

Important principles to consider when counseling a client with AIDS include:

A) setting priorities according to the client's wishes and needs.
B) setting priorities according to research protocols.
C) providing the client with all of the choices for HIV therapies, both proven and unproven.
D) providing a list of significant changes for the client to make in lifestyle and food patterns.

Question 43

If taken correctly, the effect of ART is to:

A) reduce malnutrition and opportunistic infections.
B) effectively cure HIV/AIDS.
C) prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS to uninfected sexual partners.
D) improve the patient's sense of well-being.

Question 44

A principle that is particularly important when counseling clients who have AIDS is:

A) displaying dietitian motivation.
B) providing complete lesson plans.
C) giving encouragement about progress.
D) outlining manageable steps of action.

Question 45

Common side effects of protease inhibitors include:

A) anorexia and weight loss.
B) polydipsia and polyuria.
C) nausea and diarrhea.
D) neuropathy and nephropathy.

Question 46

Patients who have lost muscle mass may benefit from:

A) resistance weight training.
B) supplemental iron and zinc.
C) amino acid supplements.
D) psychosocial support.

Question 47

Infants with HIV/AIDS who needed extra calories may be given a formula that contains:

A) 20 to 23 kcal/oz.
B) 24 to 27 kcal/oz.
C) 28 to 30 kcal/oz.
D) 33 to 37 kcal/oz.

Question 48

One way to increase the kilocalorie density of formula for the infant who has AIDS is to add:

A) glucose polymers.
B) water.
C) tryptophan.
D) dry milk solids.