Deck 14: Organizational Structure and Change

Question 1

_____ management refers to the use of human resource management processes to ensure that each employee's activities and outputs are aligned with the organization's goals.

A)Performance
B)Functional
C)Event
D)Community

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A _____ identifies the knowledge,skills,abilities,and other characteristics necessary for a job.

A)Job assessment
B)Job design
C)Job context
D)Job referral

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Kristin,who works at a travel agency,had made an error while entering client details into the client's itinerary and the travel agency was forced to refund the client's money.As a consequence,Kristin's boss deducted the amount of the refund from her paycheck.This is an example of a(n)_____.

A)Punishment
B)Negative reinforcement
C)Extinction
D)Arbitration

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is true about positive reinforcement?

A)It is administered before an undesired consequence occurs.
B)It is administered as a result of a desired consequence.
C)It is administered to prevent an undesired consequence from occurring.
D)It is administered after an undesired consequence occurs.

Question 5

_____ is the removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behaviour.

A)Compensatory reinforcement
B)Positive reinforcement
C)Variable reinforcement
D)Negative reinforcement

Question 6

As part of performance management,punishments are used:

A)To demonstrate power and authority.
B)To eliminate undesired behaviour.
C)To eliminate the need for positive or negative reinforcement.
D)To improve work quality through negative reinforcement.

Question 7

Extinction is the part of the performance management process that involves:

A)The removal of an unpleasant consequence following a desired behaviour.
B)The elimination of an undesirable behaviour by following the behaviour with an unpleasant consequence.
C)The absence of any reinforcement following the occurrence of a behaviour.
D)The elimination of a reinforcement following a behaviour once it has been administered.

Question 8

Rachel's boss sends out an e-mail to the whole organization congratulating her each time she acquires a new client for the organization.She also receives a tenth of her salary as an incentive for her achievement.This is an example of _____ reinforcement.

A)Positive
B)Compensatory
C)Negative
D)Variable

Question 9

Which of the following is a difference between the conventional approach to job analysis and the sustainable approach?

A)The conventional approach gathers information from subject matter experts whereas the sustainable approach includes more participation from stakeholders.
B)The conventional approach includes participation from stakeholders whereas the sustainable approach gathers information from subject matter experts.
C)The conventional approach places emphasis on the role of a job in the larger workflow of the department whereas the sustainable approach does not.
D)The conventional approach includes a benchmarking process whereas the sustainable approach does not.

Question 10

The first step in designing a job is:

A)Performing a situational analysis.
B)Screening of application forms.
C)Performing a job analysis.
D)Preparing a managerial grid.

Question 11

Larry,Steve's supervisor,has stopped responding to Steve's constant complaints that Larry is assigning too much work to him.As a consequence,Steve has stopped complaining to Larry,and this has also led to an improvement in his productivity.Which of the following reinforcement techniques did Larry utilize?

A)Negative
B)Extinction
C)Punishment
D)Variable

Question 12

During the job design process of identifying the KSAOs for a job,what does the letter A in the acronym KSAO stands for?

A)Abilities
B)Autocracy
C)Attrition
D)Analysis

Question 13

A _____ specifies the duties associated with the position as well as the knowledge,skills,education and training,credentials,prior experience,physical abilities,and other characteristics.

A)Job description
B)Job plan
C)Job context
D)Job itinerary

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the conventional approach to job analysis?

A)It is built on research findings from job characteristics theories.
B)It is oriented toward maximizing efficiency through broad specialization.
C)It is designed based on an organic structure.
D)It is strongly rooted in scientific management.

Question 15

The _____ model specifies how to increase the motivational potential of a job by improving the meaningfulness,autonomy,and feedback associated with the job.

A)Job contingency
B)Job characteristics
C)Managerial grid
D)Multidimensional

Question 16

_____ seeks to decrease the frequency of or eliminate an undesirable behaviour by following the behaviour with an unpleasant consequence.

A)Cognitive reinforcement
B)Negative reinforcement
C)Extinction
D)Punishment

Question 17

Which of the following is true about negative reinforcement?

A)It involves the demonstration of power and authority.
B)It involves avoiding undesired consequences.
C)It involves the removal of an unpleasant consequence.
D)It involves the removal of positive reinforcements.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes autonomy in the job characteristics model?

A)It refers to the degree to which work is understood to affect the lives of other people.
B)It refers to the extent to which the job provides freedom to decide how the work is done.
C)It refers to the extent to which the job tasks facilitate the completion of all or some of the projects.
D)It refers to the degree to which the work becomes standardized and mechanical to the workers.

Question 19

Which of the following is a way in which job autonomy can be increased?

A)Promoting cross training in jobs of similar complexity
B)Allowing employees more freedom and responsibility in the tasks
C)Making the organization more centralized
D)Providing adequate feedback on an employee's work

Question 20

The human resources team at Crusty Corp.,an organization that is just a year old,plans to start a recruitment drive to add another level to the hierarchy of their finance department.The team is currently in discussions with the finance manager about the additional positions as well as the skill requirements.In this scenario,the process carried out by the human resources team refers to a _____.

A)Job assessment
B)Job analysis
C)Job classification
D)Job characterization

Question 21

In a bid to increase sales,Fred,the CEO of Harold Inc.,announced that employees in the marketing department who acquire at least two new clients between January and March would receive a bonus.This is an example of a _____ schedule.

A)Fixed-ratio
B)Fixed-interval
C)Variable-interval
D)Variable-ratio

Question 22

Cryptic Inc.takes its employees out on a tour when they least expect it,once or twice a year.This is an example of a _____ schedule.

A)Variable-ratio
B)Fixed-interval
C)Variable-interval
D)Fixed-ratio

Question 23

_____ appraisals are used to justify pay and promotion decisions.

A)Developmental
B)Administrative
C)Fixed-ratio
D)Variable-ratio

Question 24

In a performance management process,a fixed-ratio schedule:

A)Rewards employees after a specific number of desired responses or behaviours have occurred.
B)Refers to the desired number of new employees to be recruited within a specific period.
C)Rewards employees at fixed intervals of time.
D)Refers to the desired amount of products to be produced within a specific period.

Question 25

_____ is the process of specifying what performance is expected of a member of the organization and then providing feedback on the member's performance.

A)Benchmarking
B)Performance appraisal
C)Brainstorming
D)Economic appraisal

Question 26

Which of the following is the third step in the performance appraisal process?

A)Deliver the appraisal.
B)Identify the scope.
C)Perform a situational analysis.
D)Reinforce and review the process.

Question 27

A(n)_____ relies on self-report ratings and input from supervisors,co-workers,subordinates,and,possibly,customers.

A)Administrative appraisal
B)360-degree feedback
C)Developmental appraisal
D)Project evaluation review

Question 28

Aqua Inc.provides its employees with a ten days annual leave period during the month of December along with a Christmas bonus every year.This is an example of a _____ schedule.

A)Variable-ratio
B)Variable-interval
C)Fixed-interval
D)Fixed-ratio

Question 29

Which of the following is true of administrative appraisals?

A)They focus on the average performance of the person being rated.
B)They focus on feedback on progress toward expectations.
C)They focus on identifiable strengths and weaknesses.
D)They focus on feedback on managers' performances.

Question 30

In a performance management process,a variable-ratio schedule:

A)Provides reinforcement at variable amounts of output.
B)Involves specific outputs at variable intervals of time.
C)Provides reinforcement at variable intervals of time.
D)Involves variable outputs between specific time intervals.

Question 31

Which of the following is true about job-based pay?

A)It is based on an individual's past accomplishments.
B)It is based on an individual's present accomplishments.
C)It is based on an individual's performance and is linked to productivity.
D)It is based on an individual's current role in the organization.

Question 32

During his performance review,Jack's managers stated in their feedback that he would have to improve his productivity and quality of work or else he would be laid off.This is an example of a(n)_____ appraisal.

A)360-degree
B)Developmental
C)Administrative
D)Variable-ratio

Question 33

David,who has been working for his organization for over 10 years,is due for a promotion and has been rated only by his managers based on his extensive service.This is an example of a(n)_____ appraisal.

A)Administrative
B)Developmental
C)360-degree
D)Variable-interval

Question 34

The employees at Pretzies Inc.,a food processing company,closely follow their managers' orders without any dissent,as it is a high power distance firm.The human resources team wants to perform a performance appraisal.Based on the given information,Pretzies Inc.'s performance appraisal process should:

A)Be done by external stakeholders alone.
B)Involve external stakeholders and managers.
C)Be done by managers alone.
D)Include peers and subordinates as appraisers.

Question 35

In a performance management process,a variable-interval schedule:

A)Involves varied employment requirements during different time intervals.
B)Provides reinforcement at variable amount of outputs.
C)Involves varied production requirement during different time intervals.
D)Provides reinforcement at varying intervals of time.

Question 36

During the annual appraisal,Leroy had been rated as an excellent worker by his manager.The reviews received from his customers also indicated that he was a dedicated worker.However,Leroy had rated himself comparatively low.This type of an appraisal process is an example of a(n)_____.

A)360-degree feedback
B)Administrative appraisal
C)Developmental appraisal
D)Project review

Question 37

Which of the following is a difference between an administrative appraisal and a developmental appraisal?

A)Administrative appraisals are used to provide feedback on progress whereas developmental appraisals are used to justify pay and promotion decisions.
B)Administrative appraisals are used to justify pay and promotion decisions whereas developmental appraisals are used to provide feedback on progress.
C)Administrative appraisals are feedback provided by team members about managers whereas developmental appraisals are used to justify pay and promotion decisions.
D)Administrative appraisals are used to justify pay and promotion decisions whereas developmental appraisals are feedback provided by team members about managers.

Question 38

The potential for leniency in performance appraisal ratings:

A)Increases in collectivistic cultures.
B)Is absent in collectivistic cultures.
C)Decreases in high power distance cultures.
D)Increases in low power distance cultures.

Question 39

Which of the following is true about developmental appraisals?

A)They are used to justify promotion decisions.
B)They are used to identify trends in performance.
C)They are used to justify pay decisions.
D)They are used to rate the managers' performances.

Question 40

Global Inc.has a policy where every month managers and team leaders rate the efficiency and productivity of an employee.Based on these ratings the human resources team decides on whether or not to raise their salary or promote them.These ratings also help the employees assess themselves.This is an example of a _____.

A)Staffing process
B)Benchmarking process
C)Domain appraisal
D)Performance appraisal

Question 41

Which of the following is an on-the-job-training method?

A)In-basket method
B)Case studies
C)Sensitivity training
D)Job rotation

Question 42

Grapa Inc.requires that its trainees attend a six-month business development program at a university chosen by the organization to improve their skills and use their new knowledge on the job.Grapa Inc.engages in _____ training.

A)Job instruction
B)Off-the-job
C)Apprenticeship
D)Internship

Question 43

Which of the following is true of a mission statement?

A)It describes what the organization will be in the future.
B)It describes what the organization's voting procedure for the shareholders is.
C)It describes what the organization is striving to become.
D)It describes what the organization does.

Question 44

Which of the following is true of a sustainable approach to career development?

A)It improves competencies needed for a future position in the organization
B)It is very paternalistic and it limits an employee's autonomy in the organization
C)It yields skills contributing to improving short-term productivity
D)It is particularly sensitive to how members are labeled and treated in organizations

Question 45

Jordan,an employee at the Fortuna Hotel,has been promoted as an assistant manager.He is required to undergo a year's training,spending two months in each department,learning what they do.Which of the following on-the-job training methods does the hotel utilize?

A)In-basket method
B)Job rotation
C)Sensitivity training
D)Vestibule training

Question 46

A _____ describes what the organization is striving to become and,in this way,provides guidance to organizational members.

A)Vision statement
B)Proxy statement
C)Mission statement
D)Normative statement

Question 47

Crumble Inc.has a mentoring program where a group of two or three employees is assigned a mentor.These mentors are available to their mentees to clarify their doubts as well as provide help when required.In the above scenario,Crumble Inc.has adopted _____ training.

A)Sensitivity
B)On-the-job
C)Inward-faced
D)Vestibule

Question 48

Which of the following is true of a vision statement?

A)It includes a description of what the organization will be in the future.
B)It includes a description of what the organization wishes to become.
C)It includes a description of what the organization does.
D)It includes a description of what the organization stands for.

Question 49

Which of the following plans is included under pay-for-performance?

A)Cafeteria plans
B)Flexi benefit plans
C)Gain-sharing plans
D)Employee contingency plan

Question 50

Which of the following is true of training?

A)It goes beyond the scope of a current job.
B)It focuses on multiple areas of expertise.
C)It focuses on performance in a specific area.
D)It develops broader growth.

Question 51

_____ training is a type of training in which a more experienced member of the organization teaches a specific job or task to a newer member.

A)Vestibule
B)Sensitivity
C)On-the-job
D)In-the-job

Question 52

Alex has recently been promoted as an assistant manager.As a result,he has also received a pay raise.Which of the following compensation systems does Alex's organization follow?

A)Merit-based pay
B)Job-based pay
C)Variable-ratio pay
D)Fixed-ratio pay

Question 53

Which of the following is an off-the-job training method?

A)Mentoring
B)Internship
C)Apprenticeship
D)Classroom lectures

Question 54

Natalie has received an unscheduled raise in her salary based on her overall performance for the six months that she has been with the organization.According to the scenario,Natalie's organization follows a _____ system.

A)Job-based pay
B)Merit-based pay
C)Performance-based incentive
D)Fixed-interval pay

Question 55

Training differs from development in that training:

A)Includes specific areas or current positions,whereas development goes beyond the scope of the current job.
B)Goes beyond the scope of a current job,whereas development includes specific areas and current positions.
C)Results in broader growth and does not improve skills,whereas development focuses on improving skills and does not result in growth.
D)Focuses on improving skills and broader growth,whereas development involves bettering work conditions relating to a job and not performance.

Question 56

Lily,who has been working as a server at a fast food restaurant,has learned how to cook and is helping the chef prepare meals in the kitchen as well.As a result,Lily's manager has given her a raise.This is an example of a _____.

A)Job-based pay
B)Skill-based pay
C)Merit-based pay
D)Pay-for-performance

Question 57

"To protect and serve every human life by providing the best healthcare facilities and products" is an example of a _____.

A)Vision statement
B)Mission statement
C)Manifesto
D)Conjecture

Question 58

_____ is a compensation scheme in which each member's pay is linked directly to individual,group,or organizational performance.The direct relationship is expected to raise productivity.

A)Pay-for-performance
B)Workers compensation
C)Merit-based pay
D)Inward-faced pay

Question 59

Which of the following is true of development?

A)It involves expanding the scope or a job.
B)It improves skills and expertise in a specific area.
C)It refers to the organization as a whole.
D)It goes beyond the scope of a current job.

Question 60

Which of the following is true about sustainable performance management?

A)It emphasizes secrecy.
B)It encourages collaboration.
C)It promotes individualistic reward systems.
D)It possesses an outward-faced structure.

Question 61

Which of the following explains one of the differences between the sustainable approach and conventional approach with respect to job performance?

A)Sustainable performance management tends to emphasize group or team-based reward systems,which encourage collaboration and promote sharing of information.
B)Conventional performance management tends to emphasize group or team-based reward systems,which encourage collaboration and promote sharing of information.
C)Sustainable performance management tends to emphasize the use of individual incentives.
D)Members of conventional organizations are more likely to be motivated by rewards that go beyond financial benefits.

Question 62

The most basic employee compensation system is the _____ system.

Question 63

A person can engage in career planning by doing an annual personal career _____ analysis.

Question 64

Which of the following applies to the monetary payments,such as wages,salaries,and bonuses,as well as other goods or commodities,which are used to reward organizational members?

A)Compensation
B)Benefits
C)Incentives
D)Payroll

Question 65

_____ answers the question of what should be done in specific jobs.

Question 66

Which of the following refers to the investigative process of gathering and interpreting information about a job and its required knowledge,skills,abilities,and other features?

A)Job analysis
B)Job characteristics
C)Job design
D)Job performance

Question 67

_____ is a common and effective method for managers to motivate or shape the behaviour of employees.

Question 68

"To be the best service provider of audio technology and good sound" is an example of a _____.

A)Mission statement
B)Normative statement
C)Vision statement
D)Proxy statement

Question 69

Which of the following describes the difference between conventional and sustainable approaches with respect to developing the mission statement?

A)A sustainable approach is more likely to encourage members to reflect on what drives them personally and how that motivation overlaps with the mission of their organization.
B)A conventional approach is more likely to encourage members to reflect on what drives them personally and how that motivation overlaps with the mission of their organization.
C)One difference is that a sustainable approach to drafting a mission statement would not be participative.
D)One difference is that a conventional approach to drafting a mission statement is more participative.

Question 70

Pay-for-performance is also known as _____.

Question 71

Which of the following explains the difference between the conventional approach and sustainable approach with respect to vision statements?

A)From a conventional view,vision statements focus on factors that will contribute to the organization's future competitiveness and financial success.
B)From a sustainable view,vision statements focus on factors that will contribute to the organization's future competitiveness and financial success.
C)Conventional organizations would be more participative in drafting vision statements.
D)In sustainable organizations,managers would develop vision statements that have a future orientation and that are challenging,brief,and stable.

Question 72

Which of the following explains one of the differences between the conventional and sustainable approaches with respect to mission and vision statements?

A)If possible,a variety of stakeholders,owners,managers,customers,and employees are engaged in the development of a sustainable organization's mission and vision statements.
B)If possible,a variety of stakeholders,owners,managers,customers,and employees are engaged in the development of a conventional organization's mission and vision statements.
C)In sustainable organizations,vision and mission statements focus on factors that would contribute to the organization's future success.
D)A conventional approach is more likely to encourage members to reflect on what drives them personally and how that motivation overlaps with the mission and vision of the organization.

Question 73

Which of the following applies to specifying how to increase the motivational potential of a job by improving the meaningfulness,autonomy,and feedback associated with the job?

A)Job characteristics model
B)Job analysis pattern
C)Job performance standard
D)Job design template

Question 74

A _____ is a response or consequence linked to a behaviour.

Question 75

Which of the following refers to the use of human resources management processes to ensure that each employee's activities and outputs are aligned with the organization's goals?

A)Performance management
B)Job characteristics model
C)Job analysis standards
D)Extinction

Question 76

The job characteristics model specifies how to increase the motivational potential of a job by improving the meaningfulness,_____,and feedback associated with the job.

Question 77

A _____ is a tool to measure performance in a performance appraisal process.

Question 78

Which of the following explains the difference between the conventional approach and sustainable approach with respect to training?

A)From the conventional perspective,training must be instrumental,or linked to immediate returns in task performance.
B)From the sustainable perspective,training must be instrumental,or linked to immediate returns in task performance.
C)A conventional approach to training encourages members to explore a range of interests and to learn from others.
D)A sustainable approach to training does not encourage members to explore a range of interests and to learn from others.

Question 79

As a new employee,your manager gives you a statement that identifies the fundamental purpose of the organization by describing what the organization does,whom it serves,and how it differs from similar organizations.Which of following describes this statement?

A)Mission statement
B)Vision statement
C)Goal statement
D)Purpose statement

Question 80

A mission statement is often accompanied by a change-oriented _____.