Deck 5: Birth and Death

Question 1

What factor reduces pronatalism according to the demographic transition model?

A)agriculture
B)better health care
C)rise of secularism
D)disease and famine
E)industrialism

Answer 1

industrialism

Question 2

Ethnocide is

A)the destruction of a culture and its people through physical extermination
B)the destruction of a culture without physically killing its people
C)the destruction of a language without physically killing its people
D)the killing of a people because their culture is considered inferior
E)the destruction of culture through globalization

Answer 2

the destruction of a culture without physically killing its people

Question 3

Historical studies of gender of first-born child and spouse power in the household in 18th and 19th century Tokugawa Japan demonstrated that

A)there were higher numbers of first-born sons in all families
B)there were higher numbers of first-born daughters in all families
C)low husband power households had a higher percentage of first-born daughters
D)medium husband power households had a much higher percentage of first-born sons

Answer 3

medium husband power households had a much higher percentage of first-born sons

Question 4

The suicide of a wife upon the death of her husband practised in parts of India for centuries is called

A)Sati
B)Kari
C)Dowry death
D)Pati
E)Sari

Question 5

The Quebec government is aware of the province's low birth rate,and has developed policies to

A)discourage contraception methods.
B)provide extra support for families,including subsidies and low cost child care.
C)encourage the practice of new reproductive technologies.
D)lower taxes for families with young children.
E)lower taxes for newly married couples.

Question 6

The highest birth rates in the world are found among the ________ and ________.

A)rural;urban populations in India.
B)rural;urban populations in China.
C)African;Afro-American populations.
D)Mennonites;Hutterites in the United States and Canada.
E)Inuit;Dene population in Canada.

Question 7

An example of below- replacement-level society includes

A)United States.
B)Canada.
C)India.
D)China.
E)Great Britain.

Question 8

Among the Tarahumara of Mexico,infanticide is relatively common and appears to be practiced because of

A)perceptions about child "fitness."
B)the strong preference for boys.
C)a pregnancy before marriage.
D)perceptions about "too many children" in the family.
E)the high rate of twin births and mothers' inability to breastfeed two infants at one time.

Question 9

Suicide rates among ________ youth are six times than the rates in the rest of Canada.

A)Asian
B)First Nations
C)Francophone
D)Chinese
E)Vietnamese

Question 10

A review of ethnographic literature indicates that induced abortion

A)is common only in industrial societies
B)is practised in virtually all societies
C)is non-existent in Catholic and Muslim societies
D)is practiced when medical science allows the expulsion of the fetus from the womb
E)is regarded with disapproval in all societies

Question 11

The reproductive patterns of the Hutterites and Mennonites of North America are characterized by

A)high fertility rates.
B)high suicide rates.
C)well-developed systems of "indigenous" contraception methods to maintain low birth rates.
D)below-replacement-level population growth.
E)high rates of secret abortion.

Question 12

Which of the following factors account for the long birth intervals observed among women of the foraging Ju/wasi according to anthropologist Nancy Howell?

A)breastfeeding and body fat
B)breastfeeding and sex taboos
C)breastfeeding and infanticide
D)body fat and sex taboos
E)sex taboos and infanticide

Question 13

In 1989,the federal government of Canada appointed a commission to explore the social,ethical and medical implications of

A)the new reproductive technologies.
B)an injectable hormone Depo-Provera for use as a contraceptive.
C)sterilization of women and the use of incentives such as cash payments.
D)Western-style family planning programs in non Western countries.
E)low birth rates in Quebec.

Question 14

Which of the following statements best describes infanticide?

A)it is the death of an infant or child through beating,smothering,poisoning or drowning
B)it is the death of an infant or child through food deprivation or failure to provide adequately for the child
C)it is the death of an infant or child through direct or indirect means
D)it is universally caused by the preference for a child of one gender as opposed to another
E)it is nonexistent in industrial societies

Question 15

Under which conditions would we expect the highest fertility rates?

A)children's labor highly valued and low child mortality rates
B)low economic cost of children and low child mortality rates
C)low economic cost of children and high mortality rates
D)high economic cost of children and high mortality rates
E)children's labor highly valued and high child mortality rates

Question 16

The phrase "the modernization of mortality" refers to

A)the general decline in mortality rates among infants and children in contemporary societies.
B)the use of the "new reproductive technology" to abort unwanted fetuses.
C)different patterns of mortality among the rich and the poor.
D)the ageing of the populations of industrialized countries.
E)the medical and scientific "takeover" of involvement in reproduction and mortality and decline of involvement of religion.

Question 17

Which of the following best characterizes Japanese demographics?

A)below-replacement-level fertility and high levels of immigration
B)below-replacement-level fertility and a rapidly ageing population
C)replacement-level fertility and a growing population
D)demographic transition from high to low fertility
E)replacement-level fertililty and a rapidly ageing populations

Question 18

In Canada,the policy of the ________ is to support women's reproductive health programs in developing countries.

A)United Nations Development Program
B)Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
C)Shastri Indo-Canadian Institute
D)World Health Organization
E)Canadian International Development Agency

Question 19

Which of the following best characterizes the demographic reproduction levels of Europe and Canada?

A)replacement-level fertility
B)demographic transition fertility
C)below-replacement-level fertility
D)exponential population growth fertility
E)homeostasis fertility

Question 20

In Canada,The Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies released a report in November 1993,which recommended banning

A)surrogate motherhood;sex selection procedures for non-medical purposes;the buying and selling of human eggs,sperm,embryos,and fetal tissue,and genetic alteration such as the creation of human animal hybrids.
B)the rights of a pregnant woman and enforcing the rights of her fetus;woman should pay civil liability for harm done to her fetus during pregnancy.
C)procedures such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization.
D)the stigma of childlessness and adoption restrictions.
E)the use of new reproductive technology such as amniocentesis.

Question 21

Shanawdithit,the last known ________ was captured in 1823 in Canada.

A)Ju/wasi
B)Beothuk
C)Tiv
D)Yanomami
E)Adivasi

Question 22

In Indonesia,breastfeeding probably accounts for more child spacing than all other forms of contraception combined.

Question 23

The highest birth rates in the world are found among the Mennonites and Hutterites in the United States and Canada.

Question 24

Structural violence occurs when public policies lead to "excess" deaths.

Question 25

Stratified reproduction occurs when immigrant fertility is higher than that of low-income native-born citizens.

Question 26

A woman's lifetime fertility appears to influence the onset age of menopause.

Question 27

Infanticide is universally condemned in all cultures.

Question 28

India has higher fertility rates than other countries,even though there are many restrictions on intercourse and a widespread belief that bouts of celibacy are essential to the health of men

Question 29

CIDA's policy to support women's reproductive health programs in developing countries is in order to ensure

A)family health and safe motherhood
B)women's nutrition and quality family planning services
C)whether or not women should be able to make reproductive decisions themselves.
D)short term mandates on contraception
E)A and B.

Question 30

Mennonites in Canada,living in family farming systems practice their own family planning,which is to have less children.

Question 31

The "unbalanced sex ratio" of India refers to

A)the preponderance of males over females in the population.
B)the effects of the "lost semen complex" in repressing sexual activity.
C)the dominance of males over females in household decision-making.
D)men's greater access than women's to land and other resources.
E)the fact that women,overall,tend to live longer than men.

Question 32

Pronatalism is an ideology promoting reduced fertility rates

Question 33

In Canada,________ women living with a man was abused at some time,according to the Canadian Department of Justice.

A)1 in 8
B)1 in 6
C)1 in 4
D)1 in 10
E)1 in 20

Question 34

Berdache is the onset of first menstruation

Question 35

The hunting and killing of Aboriginal inhabitants of Newfoundland is an example of ________.

A)ethnic cleansing
B)religious supremacy
C)abuse of colonial powers
D)genocidal destruction
E)racial purification

Question 36

Parents' "demand" for children is affected by

A)children's labor value.
B)children's value as support during parents' old age.
C)infant and child mortality rates.
D)economic costs of raising children.
E)all of the above.

Question 37

In vitro fertilization procedures serve to bypass male infertility.

Question 38

Suicide rates have been declining globally since the 1950s due to growing industrialization.

Question 39

Psychologists Martin Daly and Margo Wilson offered a socio-biological explanation for 148 cases of ________ in Canada from 1961 to 1979.

A)suicide
B)ethnocide
C)femicide
D)genocide
E)infanticide

Question 40

The capturing and killing of Beothuk is an example of genocidal destruction in

A)China.
B)Japan.
C)Brazil.
D)Egypt.
E)Canada (Newfoundland).

Question 41

________ is the onset of first menstruation while ________ is its cessation.

Question 42

The ________ refers to the deaths of children under the age of one per 1000 births.

Question 43

________ societies include Canada,Japan,Austria,Belgium,Hungary,Denmark,and Norway.

Question 44

________ is the study of population dynamics in cross-cultural perspective.Such study includes analyzing ________ the rate of births in a population and ________ deaths in a population.

Question 45

Research shows that the major factor behind India's high rate of population growth is the higher frequency of sexual intercourse compared to countries such as Canada and the United States.

Question 46

What four factors are most important in affecting the desire for children at the family-level?

Question 47

In Canada in 1997,one in eight women living with a man was abused at some time.

Question 48

________ is the destruction of a culture without the physical killing of the people.________ is the destruction of a culture and its people.

Question 49

The invention of the birth control pill marked the first time that women were able to control their fertility.

Question 50

According to the Royal Commission Report on NRT,a pregnant woman's rights are of less significance than the rights of her fetus,therefore,woman should face civil liability for any harm done to her fetus.

Question 51

________ occurs when social inequality is reflected in population patterns.Typically,middle-class people tend to have few children,but their survival rates are higher than children born in poor families.

Question 52

________ is the transfer of cash and goods from the bride's family to the newly married couple and to the groom's family.In India,beginning in the 1980's there were reports of ________ whereby wives were murdered by husbands,often in collusion with his mother,as the husband's family sought to extract more cash and goods from the wife's family.Such murder has been called ________ or the murder of a person based on their being female.

Question 53

Below- replacement-level societies include Canada.

Question 54

In the United States and Canada,it is medically acceptable to provide IVF services.

Question 55

________ is the killing of an infant or child because of its sex.The ________ is the number of males per 100 females in a population.

Question 56

The policy of CIDA is to support women's reproductive health programs in developed countries.

Question 57

Rayna Rapp's research among the poor women on Medicare in New York City demonstrated that new technology such as amniocentesis overpowered rather than empowered women.

Question 58

The highest birth rate is found in Quebec,Canada.

Question 59

The Quebec government is aware of the province's low birth rate and has developed policies to provide extra supports for families.

Question 60

In Canada,in-vitro fertilization producing "test- tube babies" should only be available to women of higher income.

Question 61

How do women's work roles among the Ju/wasi affect fertility?

Question 62

New reproductive technologies are raising ethical concerns.Discuss the implications of these technologies in various societies.

Question 63

How does direct infanticide differ from indirect infanticide?

Question 64

In 1989,the federal government of canada appointed a commission to explore the ________,________,and ________ implications of the new reproductive technologies.

Question 65

In Canada,the ________ government is aware of the province's low birth rate and has developed policies to provide extra supports for families.

Question 66

Discuss the genocidal destruction of Beothuk in Newfoundland.

Question 67

How did spousal power influence the gender of first-born in 18th and 19th century Tokugawa,Japan?

Question 68

The policy of the ________ is to support women's reproductive health programs in developing countries.

Question 69

In 1989,the federal government of Canada appointed a commission called the ________ to examine the various implications of new reproductive technologies.

Question 70

What are the key features outlined by the Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies?

Question 71

Discuss the sociobiological reasons given by psychologists for the practice of infanticide in Canada.

Question 72

Discuss the consequences of population control methods that were enforced in Bangladesh.

Question 73

The hunting and killing of Beothuk practiced by the British farmers,fishers and trappers is an example of ________.

Question 74

Provide two reasons why it is difficult for cultural anthropologists to gather accurate data on the frequency of sexual intercourse.

Question 75

________,the aboriginal inhabitants of Newfoundland were actively hunted and killed primarily by British farmers,fishers and trappers.

Question 76

Agricultural societies are said to undergo a demographic transition as they industrialize.Review what characterizes such a transition and the distinct phases of such a transition.Once a society has industrialized review the demographic features that characterize an industrial mode of reproduction.

Question 77

Discuss the explanation offered by psychologists Daly and Wilson for the cases of infanticide in Canada.

Question 78

Discuss the recommendations provided by the Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies.

Question 79

The highest fertility rates in the world are found among Christian groups of Canada and the United States called the ________.

Question 80

Explain how economic and social factors usually explain why women induce abortion drawing upon various ethnographic examples from various regions of the world.