Deck 15: People Defining Development

Question 1

A major bilateral institution in Canada

A)United States Agency for International Development.
B)United Nations.
C)UNICEF.
D)World Bank.
E)CIDA.

Answer 1

CIDA.

Question 2

CIDA's project with a Montreal-based NGO investigated a 1982 massacre in Gautemala.This project reflects CIDA's development priorities concerning

A)primary healthcare.
B)gender equity issues.
C)private sector development.
D)environmental protection.
E)human rights,democracy,and good governance.

Answer 2

human rights,democracy,and good governance.

Question 3

Jim Freedman,a Canadian anthropologist conducted a baseline study and an impact study of

A)involving women as participants in research.
B)environmental impact analysis.
C)an irrigation and salinity control project in northern Pakistan.
D)attitudes and practices of farmers in India.
E)getting participants interested in the profit motive.

Answer 3

an irrigation and salinity control project in northern Pakistan.

Question 4

Distributional development emphasizes

A)the assessment and adjustment of entitlements.
B)education as the most important sector for development projects.
C)health as the most important sector for development projects.
D)irrigation and water management as the most important development objective.
E)the importance of economic growth as the major path to development.

Question 5

Research methods designed to provide focused information in a short time period

A)participatory research
B)rapid research methods
C)rapid mobile methods
D)fast research methods
E)rescue research methods

Question 6

Which of the following would not be part of a typical project cycle?

A)project identification
B)project design
C)project appraisal
D)project cultural consultation
E)project evaluation

Question 7

A form of cultural change in which a minority culture becomes more like the dominant culture

A)assimilation
B)diffusion
C)acculturation
D)modernization
E)imperialism

Question 8

Anthropologist Lynne Phillips from University of Windsor found in her research on rural Ecuadorian women that development discourses may

A)examine changing ideology.
B)focus on women's education.
C)inadvertently homogenize women's own interpretations of their situations.
D)concentrate on human agency.
E)involve a process of diffusion of ideas.

Question 9

A model of change based on belief in the inevitable advance of science and Western secularism

A)hybridization
B)diffusion
C)acculturation
D)modernization
E)globalizaton

Question 10

The indigenous Ogoni have suffered from state-sponsored development as

A)rivers were dammed flooding Ogoni traditional lands
B)Ogoni horticulturalists were driven from their lands now used to grow bananas for corporate farmers
C)Ogoni herds were destroyed to make way for cotton plantations
D)Ogoni lands were polluted by oil exploration and development
E)Ogoni forests were logged for their valuable tropical woods

Question 11

________ used to be motivated by a moral obligation to help those who are oppressed or live in poverty,however,priorities have now shifted to projects that support trade rather than targeting the poorest countries.

A)International Monetary Fund
B)Canada's Official Development Assistance (ODA)
C)Overseas Development Assistance
D)World Bank
E)United Nations Development Program

Question 12

The spread of cultural innovation through contact

A)assimilation
B)diffusion
C)acculturation
D)modernization
E)imperialism

Question 13

The Great Whale River project would have threatened the livelihood and environment of the Cree in the area,and they successfully opposed the project on the grounds of

A)human development in developing and developed countries.
B)distribution-based development in developed countries.
C)grass-roots development in First Nations communities.
D)monetary policies of developed nations.
E)global concerns about pollution and the protection of natural environments.

Question 14

The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)sustainable development program stresses

A)positive reinforcement.
B)adjustment of the project cycle.
C)preserving biodiversity,avoiding environmental degradation,and considering equity and social justice issues.
D)structurism.
E)cultural appraisal.

Question 15

An important innovation in methods in development anthropology is

A)Rapid Research Methods.
B)use of focus-group interview.
C)transect observations.
D)called Participatory Appraisal.
E)all of the above.

Question 16

A development strategy that has helped women get the capital they need to start small businesses or buy seeds,fertilizers and supplies

A)microfinance
B)social assistance
C)large-scale development with trickle down effect to women
D)macrofinance
E)structural adjustment

Question 17

In the 1980s,the World Bank supported a strategy of ________,calling for reducing expenditures on public services in order to reduce debt and reallocate resources to increasing production.

A)structural adjustment
B)voting rights
C)public awareness
D)wage employment
E)leadership roles

Question 18

The World Bank favours this form of development with an emphasis on trickle-down effect.

A)growth-oriented development
B)distributional development
C)sustainable development
D)socialist development
E)needs-based development

Question 19

Development projects can fail if there is no ________.An example is a project to improve nutrition that provides milk powder to a population that is lactose intolerant.

A)ethnic fit
B)sociocultural fit
C)social fit
D)cultural relativism fit
E)culturoeconomic fit

Question 20

________ is the intangible resources existing in social ties,trust and cooperation.

A)human capital
B)cultural capital
C)financial capital
D)human resources
E)social capital

Question 21

The Nuu-chah-nulth of Vancouver island saw the ________ as a potential treaty issue,but voiced concern that it would pit Aboriginal rights against ________.

A)goose;development.
B)whale;environmental rights.
C)seal;commercial hunting.
D)land;modernization.
E)animal;animal rights.

Question 22

In India,CIDA collaborated with government agencies and NGOs to support a Tree Grower's Cooperative in three states undergoing rapid deforestation.This is in line with CIDA's ________ priorities.

A)Assessment and adjustment of entitlements
B)Environment
C)Infrastructure services
D)Irrigation and water management
E)Private sector development

Question 23

Conceptual innovations such as parliamentary democracy are also inventions.

Question 24

The first phase of the project cycle is

A)budget assessment.
B)project identification.
C)project design.
D)project appraisal.
E)project implementation.

Question 25

The government of Bhutan rejected gross domestic product (GDP)as the best measure of success and instead uses a measure called gross domestic happiness (GDH).

Question 26

Kerala,India,provides an example of success in terms of which approach to development?

A)distributional approach
B)economic growth approach
C)feminist approach
D)structural adjustment
E)industrialization

Question 27

People living downstream of a dam can suffer negative health and environmental effects after the construction of the dam.

Question 28

The goal of the World Bank is to promote international investment through loans.

Question 29

First Nations groups in Canada are taken more seriously today because

A)governments are interested in trade.
B)Aboriginals are oppressed or live in poverty.
C)Aboriginal issues are viewed as a threat to national security and their rights guaranteed under the Canadian constitution.
D)Aboriginals have suffered culture loss.
E)of structural adjustment policies.

Question 30

Growth-oriented developments holds that growth lifts the boat for all and benefits will trickle down to even the poorest and least well-off in a society.

Question 31

The Assembly of First Nations,formed in Canada in 1982 has become the unofficial spokesperson for many First Nations groups,presenting

A)a united front on constitutional issues and self government.
B)a clear case to the members on behalf of the government.
C)information on the activities and mandate of the First Nations groups.
D)ecologically sound farming and fishing methods to the government.
E)a radical movement that seeks to protect forests from logging businesses.

Question 32

According to Lynne Phillips,University of Windsor anthropologist,terms such as ________ may flatten the complexity of women's lives.

A)gender inequality
B)feminization of poverty
C)women organizing for change
D)feminization of agriculture
E)women and development

Question 33

A set of activities undertaken in order to achieve policy goals in developing countries is called

A)sustainable development.
B)the development apparatus.
C)a development project.
D)project evaluation.
E)participation.

Question 34

The First Nations Environmental Network,based in Tofino,Vancouver Island,is opposed to

A)whale hunting.
B)fishing.
C)trapping.
D)traditional cultural rights.
E)large-scale development.

Question 35

The male bias in development planning and projects refers to the

A)greater number of men than women who are hired to work for the large development organizations like the World Bank.
B)tendency for family planning projects to target men rather than women.
C)exclusion of women from certain kinds of development projects.
D)tendency for development experts to emphasize the importance of schooling for boys more than for girls.
E)greater attention given to men's health problems than women's.

Question 36

The term social capital refers to money or physical assets owned collectively by a group of people in a cooperative.

Question 37

Looking ahead to foresee what the effects of a particular development project might have on the people's culture is called

A)forecasting.
B)participatory appraisal.
C)sociocultural fit.
D)diachronic approach.
E)social impact assessment.

Question 38

The James Bay Cree Project provided the Cree and the Quebec government with information

A)concerning the power of the "trickle down" effect.
B)that helped settle the land claim.
C)that sustainable development is best achieved through World Bank projects.
D)that women benefitted more than men from the introduction of technology.
E)that environmental impact assessments should be done before all projects.

Question 39

The introduction and adoption of the snowmobile among the Saami of Scandinavia increased gender equality as young women could take a more active role in herding.

Question 40

In Canada,the law distinguishes between two different types of Aboriginal land claims:

A)Human rights versus animal rights claims.
B)Environmental conservation and cultural revival claims.
C)Native peoples and non Native peoples land-claims.
D)Historic land-claim and recent land-claim.
E)Specific claims and comprehensive claims.

Question 41

Briefly explain how growth-oriented development differs from distributional development.

Question 42

The United Nations does not distinguish between indigenous peoples and minority groups such as the Roma,the Tamils of Sri Lanka,or Sikhs in Canada.

Question 43

In her research on rural Ecuadorian women,Lynne Phillips,a Windsor University anthropologist found that development discourses intentionally homogenize women's own interpretations of their situations.

Question 44

The Grand Council of the Cree has collaborated with the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami and other organizations over land issues.

Question 45

When can we say that a culture has been assimilated? Provide an example of assimilation.

Question 46

The Cree were very well adjusted with the Great Whale River project in northern Quebec as it would have enhanced their livelihood and environment.

Question 47

What are the two basic processes that drive all cultural change?

Question 48

Canadian anthropologist,Jim Freedman conducted a base line study and an environmental study of an irrigation and salinity control project in Bangladesh.

Question 49

What is cultural imperialism?

Question 50

The Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami of Canada was founded in 1971 to provide a national voice to the Inuit of Canada.

Question 51

Canada's development aid to other countries has focused only on education.

Question 52

The Alliance for the Protection of Isolated Indigenous Peoples seeks to fully integrate indigenous peoples into state structures through the building of schools and the sending of teachers to indigenous communities.

Question 53

In Canada,the law distinguishes between two different types of Aboriginal land claims.

Question 54

Often,indigenous peoples now take the name of "First Peoples," or in Canada "First Nations peoples," as a way of self-definition as original claimants to a place.

Question 55

Canadian anthropologist Lynne Phillips's research on rural Ecuadorian women illustrated that women in societies exposed to development programs experience development exactly in ways envisioned by policy makers.

Question 56

In India,CIDA had problems collaborating with government agencies and NGOs to support a Tree Grower's Cooperative in three states undergoing rapid deforestation.

Question 57

An example of a grassroots women's organization are "mothers' clubs" that provide communal child care.

Question 58

People-defined and people-centered development can be considered a human right.

Question 59

How do theories or models of development differ one from the other?

Question 60

Participatory research involves the collaboration of state government officials in the planning of a research project.

Question 61

What is an indigenous people?

Question 62

How does microfinance work? Cite examples.

Question 63

What were some of the significant observations made by Lynne Phillips from her research on rural Ecuadorian women?

Question 64

Discuss briefly the role of the Assembly of First Nations formed in Canada with examples.

Question 65

Canada's ________ supports projects that deal with trade rather than targeting only the poorest countries.

Question 66

What is sustainable development?

Question 67

Define multilateral development organization and bilateral development organization;give an example of each.

Question 68

What did Kenya's promotion of harambee achieve?

Question 69

What is traditional development anthropology and what is critical development anthropology? Provide an example of each.

Question 70

Why was microfinance so popular in the upland provinces of northern Luzon?

Question 71

Discuss with examples the two different types of Aboriginal land claims in Canada.

Question 72

The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA)________ program stresses preserving biodiversity,avoiding,environmental degradation,and considering equity and social justice issues.

Question 73

What are the five main steps in a development project cycle.

Question 74

The ________,based in Tofino,Vancouver Island,is opposed to whale hunting,arguing that the act of killing whales cannot be justified ________.

Question 75

The ________ in Thailand supports Thai NGOs that give small seed grants to grassroots organizations in rural Thailand.

Question 76

What is development aggression?

Question 77

A recent historic land-claim treaty gives the ________ of British Columbia $235 million in cash,2000 kilometres of land,and self-government powers.

Question 78

According to Lynne Phillips development discourses may inadvertently homogenize women's own interpretations of their situations and terms such as ________ may flatten the complexity of women's lives.

Question 79

The name of a bilateral development institution in Canada is ________ (acronym is acceptable).

Question 80

Define sustainable development.