Deck 12: Positive Prospects

Question 1

The _____ approach to adolescence involves trying to find the most accurate and predictive ways to describe adolescence as it is.

A)medical
B)positive development
C)idiographic
D)scientific

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The adaptational systems that promote resilience in adolescents include all the following except

A)self-efficacy.
B)extrinsic motivation.
C)attachment relationships.
D)positive self-regard.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Adolescents with _____ parents are more likely to use active,engaged coping.

A)distant
B)authoritative
C)coercive
D)permissive

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the middle of an important exam,Raza's teacher picks up his answer sheet and accuses him of cheating.Raza's first impulse is to grab the answer sheet back and loudly deny the accusation.But he takes a deep breath and quietly asks the teacher to speak to him privately.He successfully counters the charge and is allowed to finish the exam.Raza's responses illustrate _____ of coping with stress.

A)a "hot," impulsive system
B)a "cool," regulatory system
C)two complementary systems
D)None of the above.

Question 5

Sophie is falling badly behind in school,but feels that her parents are so busy with their own problems that they don't want to hear about hers.She is most likely to adopt a coping strategy that involves

A)going to her teachers and asking for help.
B)arranging to study with a friend who gets good grades.
C)telling herself that she'll somehow get her act together by the final.
D)going to the library after school to study.

Question 6

Just as Josh is about to print out the paper that is due the next morning,there is a power failure.Josh tells himself that he's probably not the only one this happened to and that the paper isn't really that important anyway.Josh is engaging in

A)intellectualization.
B)emotion-focused coping.
C)goal-focused coping.
D)problem-focused coping.

Question 7

The _____ approach to adolescence focuses on understanding how problems emerge and developing ways to deal with them.

A)scientific
B)positive development
C)medical
D)nomothetic

Question 8

Adolescents who find themselves facing social and emotional problems tend to cope by turning to _____ for emotional and practical support.

A)the same-sex parent
B)the other-sex parent
C)peers
D)school counselors

Question 9

Esther has been studying for a university entrance exam and worrying about doing badly for over two months.She carries vocabulary flash cards and sheets of math problems everywhere.She has not been sleeping well,and this morning she felt a bad cold coming on.Esther is apparently being affected by

A)unrealistic expectations.
B)"senior-itis."
C)chronic stress.
D)hypochondria.

Question 10

Just as Ethan is about to save the final draft of his term paper,his baby sister trips over the computer's power cord and the screen goes blank.After taking a few deep breaths,Ethan restarts the computer and begins searching for earlier versions of the paper.Ethan is engaging in

A)problem-focused coping.
B)solution generativity.
C)emotion-focused coping.
D)goal-focused coping.

Question 11

Adolescents who find themselves facing uncontrollable sources of stress tend to cope by turning to _____ for emotional and practical support.

A)their parents
B)same-sex friends
C)other-sex friends
D)school counselors

Question 12

At a lecture,the speaker says,"I see adolescents as active and capable individuals who want to develop their potential and give back to their families and communities." The speaker apparently holds a(n)_____ perspective.

A)behaviourist
B)evolutionary
C)psychoanalytic
D)positive youth development

Question 13

Kaitlyn is the most feminine of Emma's group of friends.When Emma tells her that she's afraid her boyfriend is losing interest in her,Kaitlyn's response is likely to be along the lines of

A)"Oh,you must feel awful! But you know,lots of other guys like you,so it's not really so bad."
B)"The creep! I never understood what you saw in him anyway."
C)"I bet there are things you could do to get him interested again.Why don't we hit the mall and find you something really cute to wear on Friday night?"
D)"Boys are all the same.You want to come over and watch television?"

Question 14

Among adolescents,girls are _____ boys to use emotion-focused coping strategies.

A)less likely than
B)more likely than
C)equally likely as
D)None of the above;it depends on the circumstances.

Question 15

A state of _____ mobilizes the body's resources in response to a perceived threat.

A)torpor
B)stress
C)awareness
D)negativity

Question 16

Research on resilience suggests that the most basic factor in helping teens develop normally under very difficult conditions is

A)warm connections to caring adults.
B)critical thinking.
C)strict self-discipline.
D)acknowledgment of one's limitations.

Question 17

Justin's parents lost their home and jobs to a hurricane and had to move to emergency housing.Justin has made friends in his new school,is keeping up his grades,and finds time to help his little brother with homework.Justin is an example of

A)extrinsic motivation.
B)catastrophizing.
C)resilience.
D)cognitive dissonance.

Question 18

The _____ approach to adolescence focuses on uncovering ways to support teens in their eagerness to explore and understand.

A)positive development
B)nomothetic
C)scientific
D)medical

Question 19

The experience of coping effectively with a stressful problem tends to

A)strengthen a teen's sense of self efficacy.
B)reduce the level of stress when similar problems come up.
C)promote a general ability to rise above difficulties.
D)All of the above.

Question 20

Research on _____ focuses on the various ways adolescents try to deal with situations that pose different levels of threat.

A)retaliation
B)self determination
C)flow
D)coping

Question 21

Research indicates that adolescents spend much of their time feeling bored,especially while

A)doing schoolwork.
B)watching television.
C)hanging with friends.
D)listening to music.

Question 22

Among the Five Cs of positive youth development,_____ focuses on positive bonds with others,such as peers,family members,and those in the community.

A)Character
B)Connection
C)Confidence
D)Caring

Question 23

When Zelda joined a school service organization,it gave a new focus to her desire to help others.Her enthusiasm helped make the organization more lively and attractive to other students,which made her enjoy it even more.The relationship between her and the organization is an example of

A)a dynamic person-context interaction.
B)an adaptive developmental regulation.
C)goodness of fit.
D)All of the above.

Question 24

According to Richard Lerner,as teens develop the Five Cs,they are on the way to a "Sixth C," which is

A)Curiosity about the world and its people.
B)Contributions to the self,family,and community.
C)Calculations of the place they hope to fill in society.
D)Celebrations of the help they have received from others.

Question 25

The developmental benefits from organized activities that have all the "Big Three" features

A)include higher rates of college admission.
B)vary according to the type of activity.
C)depend on the amount of social capital a teen can access.
D)are greater for ethnic minority teens.

Question 26

The "Five Cs" that are the basic goals of positive youth development include all the following except

A)Connection.
B)Confidence.
C)Commitment.
D)Caring.

Question 27

An effective way for teens to develop their teamwork,leadership,communication,and conflict resolution skills is by participating in

A)online forums.
B)individual sports.
C)structured youth activities.
D)foreign travel.

Question 28

Choosing to join a structured youth organization increases _____,which in turn promotes more intense involvement.

A)intrinsic motivation
B)self determination
C)a sense of empowerment
D)All of the above.

Question 29

One way parents can help foster positive development in their adolescent children is through their knowledge of and associations in the community,or what is known as

A)synergy.
B)primary influence.
C)social capital.
D)working models.

Question 30

Scholars describe three features of youth activities that are important for promoting positive development.These "Big Three" include

A)sustained positive relationships with adults.
B)opportunities to exercise personal authority.
C)peer counseling for deviant youth.
D)programs to help substance users quit.

Question 31

Nailah's parents are warm and accepting and hold appropriate goals and expectations for her.Their _____ approach to parenting is a key element in her positive development.

A)authoritative
B)aspiring
C)authoritarian
D)efficacious

Question 32

Gabriela became friends with Emily when they were in the same modern dance class.This year Emily urged Gabriela to join a dance group that performs in old age homes.Gabriela has found this an inspiring experience and intends to do more volunteer work with the elderly.Emily's impact on Gabriela's positive development is an example of

A)selection.
B)socialization.
C)assortative friendship.
D)assimilation.

Question 33

According to Reed Larson,the battle against boredom involves developing an intrinsic motivation to direct effort toward a challenging goal,or

A)incentive.
B)flow.
C)initiative.
D)reward orientation.

Question 34

A statistic that helps predict whether adolescents will feel a sense of membership in their school is

A)annual spending per student.
B)the football team's win-loss record.
C)the ratio of teachers to students.
D)None of the above.

Question 35

Terms such as positive self-concept,future orientation,and communication skills are frequently given by both adults and teens as important characteristics of _____ adolescents.

A)coping
B)resilient
C)thriving
D)normal

Question 36

Among the recent social changes that reduce the resources teens need in order to thrive,social scientists list all the following except

A)age segregation.
B)after school programs.
C)increased use of popular media.
D)reduced parental presence.

Question 37

Parents who are confident,caring,and involved in their community promote their children's positive development by

A)serving as models.
B)encouraging intrinsic motivation for positive actions.
C)setting unrealistic expectations.
D)Both A and B.

Question 38

Among the Five Cs of positive youth development,_____ focuses on cognitive,social,and academic skills.

A)Competence
B)Confidence
C)Connection
D)Caring

Question 39

Among the Five Cs of positive youth development,_____ focuses on respect for rules and a sense of right and wrong.

A)Competence
B)Character
C)Connection
D)Caring

Question 40

Shimon's family just moved to a new area.Shimon's parents are warm,responsive,and communicate well with him.It is likely that the friends he makes in his new school will be

A)prosocial and involved in school activities.
B)disengaged and apathetic.
C)whoever he happens to run across in the first few days.
D)hostile to authority.

Question 41

Shakira,13,is generally very interested in the activities she undertakes.Research suggests that

A)as she gets older,boredom will take over.
B)she believes what she does has an impact on what happens to her.
C)she has low expectations for the future.
D)she tends to choose easily achievable tasks.

Question 42

When adults were asked about the sources of happiness,those with the greatest life satisfaction endorsed the _____ orientation.

A)eudaemonic
B)engagement
C)hedonistic
D)All of the above.

Question 43

Discuss the features that extracurricular and community based activities should have to play in positive development.

Question 44

The view that people are happiest when they develop their potentials to contribute to the greater good is known as

A)hedonism.
B)altruism.
C)communitarianism.
D)eudaimonia.

Question 45

What are the two major kinds of coping strategies,and under what circumstances is each likely to be more useful?

Question 46

Living well the sort of life that is good for one to live is a common definition of

A)autogratification.
B)ambition.
C)happiness.
D)achievement.

Question 47

How do initiative,interest,and engagement contribute to positive development?

Question 48

The philosophical point of view that says happiness results from the pursuit of pleasure is called

A)hedonism.
B)self-indulgence.
C)eudaimonia
D)gluttony.

Question 49

The psychological characteristics that are linked to greater life satisfaction in teens include all the following except

A)intrinsic motivation.
B)high social status.
C)mastery orientation.
D)prosocial attitudes.

Question 50

What is meant by Lerner's statement that the arrow joining teens to their social environment points both ways? How does this relate to his idea of a "sixth C"?

Question 51

When teens allow themselves to hope that they can achieve happiness,they

A)imagine a happier future.
B)think that they can exert some control over their future.
C)expect that a happier future is actually a possibility.
D)All of the above.

Question 52

What is resilience,and what adaptational systems encourage its development?

Question 53

According to Reinders and Youniss,community service experiences have more impact on teen participants when they include

A)endorsements by prominent figures such as entertainers.
B)media involvement.
C)direct interaction with people in need.
D)online exchanges with people in distant lands.

Question 54

People who are happier are

A)refusing to see the world's misery.
B)more cooperative and prosocial.
C)more self-centered.
D)less well informed.

Question 55

Activities that offer high levels of interest,intrinsic motivation,and realistic challenge are more likely to lead to

A)the state of involvement called flow.
B)deeper frustration after setbacks.
C)the state of apathy called burnout.
D)competitiveness and hostility toward rivals.