Deck 15: Nutrition for Reproductive Health and Lactation

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an indication of adequate infant growth from breastfeeding?

A) Infant feeds from both breasts during a feeding.
B) Infant has at least six to eight wet diapers per day.
C) Infant has frequent stools.
D) Infant continues to gain weight and length steadily.

Answer 1

A
Explanation: When an infant feeds from both breasts during a feeding, it is an indication of the volume of milk the mother is producing between feedings. Usual signs for adequate infant growth are the weight and length gain and the wet diaper and stool frequency.

Question 2

Which hormone promotes letdown?

A) Colostrum
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin
D) Prolactin

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Oxytocin stimulates the myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland to contract, causing milk to move toward the nipple for feeding. Progesterone promotes the development of the mammary glands during pregnancy. Prolactin promotes milk production. Colostrum is the first milk that a woman produces around term.

Question 3

What are the signs and symptoms of pregnancy-induced hypertension?

A) Hypertension, proteinuria, and edema
B) Hypotension, hyperalbuminemia, and excessive urine output
C) Abdominal cramping and weight loss
D) Weight loss, edema, and hypertension

Answer 3

A
Explanation: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is evident when a pregnant woman has a blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg, protein spilling into the urine, and subsequent edema. The edema results from the increased blood pressure and protein loss. Weight loss is not common; however, impairment of uterine blood flow can result in reduced placental size and fetal intrauterine growth restriction.

Question 4

What is the most appropriate recommendation to make when counseling a newly pregnant patient about alcohol consumption?

A) Avoid alcohol for the first trimester; then no more than 1 oz of alcohol per day.
B) Avoid alcohol completely throughout the entire pregnancy.
C) Limit consumption to 1 oz of alcohol per day.
D) Limit consumption to 2 oz of alcohol per day.

Question 5

For the first 6 months of lactation, what is the recommended energy intake?

A) 200 kcal less than the amount for pregnant women
B) 330 kcal more than the amount for nonpregnant women
C) 550 kcal more than the amount for pregnant women
D) The same as the amount for pregnant women in the third trimester

Question 6

Which of these statements is NOT true about colostrum?

A) It is higher in fat than mature milk.
B) It is higher in immunoglobulins than mature milk.
C) It is higher in protein than mature milk.
D) It is lower in lactose than mature milk.

Question 7

How do the dietary recommendations for breastfeeding mothers differ from those for pregnant women?

A) Intake of all nutrients is the same as preconception intake for lactating women.
B) The intake level during lactation should be severely restricted to promote weight loss.
C) Fluids are forced for pregnant women and limited during lactation.
D) Intake of almost all nutrients is needed at higher levels during lactation.

Question 8

According to the National Academy of Sciences, women with normal preconception weight should gain how much during pregnancy?

A) 10 to 15 lb
B) 20 to 25 lb
C) 25 to 35 lb
D) 35 to 45 lb

Question 9

What nutrient does the American Academy of Pediatricians (AAP) recommend to be supplemented at 2 months of age for breast-fed infants, although the DRI for the nutrient in lactating women is at the same level as that in nonpregnant women?

A) Vitamin A
B) Calcium
C) Zinc
D) Vitamin D

Question 10

Which of the following will result from the normal physiologic adaptation during pregnancy?

A) Decreased serum hemoglobin
B) Proteinuria
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Constipation

Question 11

How can the risk of neural tube defects occurring in utero be reduced?

A) Increasing folic acid intake throughout the childbearing years
B) Ensuring adequate niacin intake during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy
C) Providing an adequate protein intake throughout the pregnancy
D) Increasing vitamin C during the first trimester

Question 12

According to the RDA, how much additional protein above that of a nonpregnant woman should a pregnant woman consume during the second half of her pregnancy?

A) 10 g
B) 15 g
C) 25 g
D) 35 g

Question 13

A woman has a BMI indicating overweight before pregnancy. Which of the following guidelines for weight gain during pregnancy is recommended?

A) Weight gain is contraindicated during this pregnancy.
B) Guidelines for weight gain for overweight women are not currently established.
C) Weight gain should be controlled to 15 to 25 lb.
D) It is not necessary to control weight gain during pregnancy.

Question 14

For managing leg cramps in pregnancy, which of the following minerals has the most scientific support for its use?

A) Manganese
B) Potassium
C) Calcium
D) Magnesium

Question 15

The recommended energy intake in the second and third trimesters is the sum of the energy requirement for a nonpregnant woman and a daily addition of about _____ kcal in the second and _____ kcal in the third trimesters, respectively.

A) 100; 160
B) 250; 350
C) 350; 460
D) 400; 550

Question 16

What recommendation about sodium should be given for pregnant women?

A) Aggressive restriction is warranted.
B) Sodium intake should be above 2 to 3 g/day.
C) Sodium intake should not exceed 1 g/day.
D) Sodium intake should not exceed 2 g/day.

Question 17

What should a pregnant woman do to relieve nausea and vomiting during the early months of her pregnancy?

A) Drink liquids with meals and have small, frequent feedings.
B) Eat high-fat foods and include liquids with meals.
C) Eat small, frequent meals low in fat.
D) Eat three regular meals per day.

Question 18

What advice should be given to a pregnant woman about eating fish?

A) They should eat only vegetable sources of omega-3 fat.
B) There is no specific recommendations about fish.
C) They should eat two or three servings of fish per week.
D) They should eat two or three servings of low-mercury fish per week.

Question 19

Milk production is most affected by

A) calories consumed by the mother.
B) mother's hydration status.
C) the frequency of suckling.
D) protein consumed by the mother.

Question 20

Which of the following can promote failure to thrive in a breast-fed infant as a result of poor milk production?

A) Poor latching or suck during the feeding episode
B) Small for gestational age infant
C) Maternal smoking
D) Maternal illness