Question 1

Which type of cerebral palsy is characterized by paralysis on one side of the body, in the legs, or in all four extremities?&#10;A) Ataxic cerebral palsy&#10;B) Athetoid dyskinetic cerebral palsy&#10;C) Dyskinetic cerebral palsy&#10;D) Spastic cerebral palsy

Accepted Answer

Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by increased muscle tone and increased deep tendon reflexes that lead to hemiplegia, diplegia, or quadriplegia. Ataxic CP is characterized by abnormalities in voluntary movements and balance. People with dyskinetic CP experience uncontrolled and continuous involuntary movements in the body because of abnormal muscle tone. Athetoid dyskinetic CP is demonstrated in people with normal intelligence by difficulty in walking, sitting, or speaking clearly.

Question 2

Which of the following dietary interventions should be used in treating children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder?&#10;A) Eliminate table and added sugars from the child's diet.&#10;B) Serve meals at regular eating times and provide small servings.&#10;C) Prevent the child from consuming foods with caffeine.&#10;D) Provide large doses of vitamin supplements to the child.

Accepted Answer

Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have no nutrient needs or exclusions additional to those of otherwise healthy children. These children do run the risk of not getting enough to eat because of behaviors associated with the disorder. To promote adequate intake, parents should establish regular meal times and provide initial small portions in a distraction-free environment. Children with ADHD may eat a little and then walk away from the table, expecting to graze later. Some recommend removing the food and returning it only once after explaining to the child what behaviors are desired in relation to eating. Various dietary manipulations in the past have attempted to treat children with ADHD by eliminating sugars, eliminating artificial food colors, eliminating caffeine, and using megavitamin therapy. Research has not substantiated the effectiveness of any of these.

Question 3

An obturator is a&#10;A) feeding device.&#10;B) cover for a cleft palate.&#10;C) measuring device useful for children with scoliosis or contractures.&#10;D) surgical device used to restore and hold the spinal cord within the spinal column.

Accepted Answer

An obturator is a device used to cover a cleft palate until a child can undergo surgery to close it. The obturator may be used by itself, or special nipples with obturators can be used to feed the child with a cleft palate. The use of obturators has been effective in improving intake, weight gain, and growth in children with cleft palate. The disadvantages of using obturators include the cost and the need to rebuild the device as the infant grows. A variety of adaptive feeding devices are available for use in improving the nutritional intake of children with developmental disabilities. A low-cost device useful in measuring children with scoliosis and contractures is a tape measure. In spina bifida, even though the spinal cord can be restored and maintained within the spinal column, the disorder continues because the damage to the spinal cord is permanent.

Question 4

Children with _____ may be affected by Arnold Chiari malformation of the brain.&#10;A) autism&#10;B) spina bifida&#10;C) Down syndrome&#10;D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Accepted Answer

Arnold Chiari malformation of the brain is a structural disorder affecting the cerebellum that can affect swallowing and gagging. This occurs in many children with spina bifida. Children with autism have problems with eating behaviors as opposed to difficulties with swallowing. During infancy, children with Down syndrome have difficulty coordinating sucking, swallowing, and breathing. Infants with Prader-Willi syndrome also experience weak sucking ability.

Question 5

Which developmental disorder is characterized by the child having an insatiable appetite?&#10;A) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder&#10;B) Spina bifida&#10;C) Down syndrome&#10;D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Accepted Answer

One of the greatest nutritional risks in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) has to do with the child's appetite control. Children with PWS begin to gain excessive weight between the ages of 1 and 4 years because of an uncontrollable appetite. This, along with a low basal metabolic rate and decreased activity, makes the child with PWS susceptible to obesity. Children with ADHD treated with medications have to be monitored for potential anorexia. Children with spina bifida and Down syndrome also are susceptible to excessive weight gain because of lowered basal metabolism and limited activity.

Question 6

Which developmental disability is associated with problems with childhood growth failure?&#10;A) Prader-Willi syndrome&#10;B) Spina bifida&#10;C) Cerebral palsy&#10;D) Down syndrome

Accepted Answer

Lack of muscle coordination associated with CP can promote feeding problems while the child uses energy to support involuntary movements and muscle tension. Combined, these two factors could lead to inadequate nutrient intake and promote failure to thrive. Children with Prader-Willi syndrome, spina bifida, and Down syndrome tend to run the risk of developing obesity because of limited or, in the case of Down syndrome, delayed gross motor ability.

Question 7

By current methods, which developmental disorder is preventable?&#10;A) Down syndrome&#10;B) Spina bifida&#10;C) Autism&#10;D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome are both genetic disorders and the cause of autism has yet to be identified, but the neural tube defect associated with spina bifida can be prevented by adequate maternal intake of folic acid.

Question 8

Children with which developmental disorder are most likely to experience oral motor problems?&#10;A) Prader-Willi syndrome&#10;B) Spina bifida&#10;C) Autism&#10;D) Cerebral palsy

Accepted Answer

Because of the lack of coordination of muscle control, children with cerebral palsy are likely to experience oral motor problems in regard to feeding. Other children with developmental disabilities who experience oral motor feeding problems are those with Down syndrome and those with cleft palate. Infants with Prader-Willi syndrome may have weak sucking ability. Infants with spina bifida may have swallowing difficulties. In children with autism, feeding difficulties center around limited food selection and strong food dislikes.

Question 9

Which of the following developmental disorders results from a chromosomal aberration?&#10;A) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder&#10;B) Cerebral palsy&#10;C) Autism&#10;D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Accepted Answer

Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder in which the child either inherits chromosome 15 from the father with a deletion in the q arm region of the chromosome or receives both chromosome 15s from the mother. ADHD is known as a neurobehavioral disorder that does not have a genetic influence. Cerebral palsy and autism result from neurologic defects.

Question 10

Children with which of the following disorders are LEAST likely to have short stature?&#10;A) Down syndrome&#10;B) Cerebral palsy&#10;C) Autism&#10;D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Accepted Answer

The height of children affected with autism spectrum disorders is comparable to that of children without developmental disorders. Down syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, spina bifida, and cerebral palsy all present with short stature in children.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT required for a child with a disability to receive a modified or special diet at school?&#10;A) Payment of additional cost for the special diet&#10;B) Identification of the medical condition requiring modification of diet&#10;C) List of foods to be omitted from the child's diet&#10;D) List of food substitutions to use in the child's diet

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT required...

Question 12

To make standard 20-calorie/oz formula, how much powdered formula needs to be mixed with every 2 oz of water?&#10;A) 1 tsp&#10;B) 1 Tbsp&#10;C) 1 scoop&#10;D) 2 scoops

Accepted Answer

The answer of To make standard 20-calorie/oz formula, how much...

Question 13

What disorder is associated with these three specific facial features: a smooth filtrum, small palpebral fissures, and a thin upper lip?&#10;A) Fetal alcohol syndrome&#10;B) Cerebral palsy&#10;C) Spina bifida&#10;D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of What disorder is associated with these three...

Question 14

The child that would have the lowest energy needs is a&#10;A) healthy child.&#10;B) child with mild cerebral palsy.&#10;C) child with spina bifida.&#10;D) child with Down syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The child that would have the lowest...

Question 15

The most common developmental disability is&#10;A) autism.&#10;B) cerebral palsy.&#10;C) Down syndrome.&#10;D) intellectual disability.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common developmental disability is&#10;A) autism.&#10;B)...

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the qualifications of developmental disabilities as established by law?&#10;A) Manifests before the age of 22 years&#10;B) Attributable to malnutrition that causes mental or physical impairment&#10;C) Results in substantial functional limitations in three or more areas of major life activity&#10;D) Expected to continue through life indefinitely

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 17

Antibodies to casein, gluten, and soy have been noted in individuals with&#10;A) Prader-Willi syndrome.&#10;B) cerebral palsy.&#10;C) autism.&#10;D) fetal alcohol syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antibodies to casein, gluten, and soy have...

Question 18

People with Down syndrome have a total of _____ chromosomes.&#10;A) 21&#10;B) 23&#10;C) 46&#10;D) 47

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with Down syndrome have a total...

Question 19

Which class of feeding problems is associated with head control and trunk stability?&#10;A) Behavioral feeding problems&#10;B) Oral motor feeding problems&#10;C) Positioning feeding problems&#10;D) Self-feeding problems

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which class of feeding problems is associated...

Question 20

Which developmental disorder is associated with Pierre Robin syndrome?&#10;A) Spina bifida&#10;B) Cleft palate&#10;C) Rett syndrome&#10;D) Prader-Willi syndrome

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which developmental disorder is associated with Pierre...

Deck 44: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities