Question 1

Which of the following does the NIH identify as being an appropriate candidate for bariatric surgery?&#10;A) A person with metabolic syndrome&#10;B) A patient with BMI of 25 to 29 with high blood pressure&#10;C) A patient with BMI of 30 to 34&#10;D) A patient with BMI of 40 or higher

Accepted Answer

Bariatric surgery is an acceptable treatment for people with extreme obesity. A person with a BMI greater than 40 or person with a BMI greater than 35 with comorbidities would be an ideal candidate. Combinations of diet therapy, exercise, and lifestyle modification should be attempted before surgical intervention is sought.

Question 2

What happens to the resting metabolic rate (RMR) as a result of exercise as part of a weight management program?&#10;A) RMR increases as adipose tissue is increased with exercise.&#10;B) RMR decreases as adipose tissue is decreased with exercise.&#10;C) RMR decreases as lean body mass is decreased with exercise.&#10;D) RMR increases as lean body mass is increased with exercise.

Accepted Answer

Resistance training increases lean body mass, increasing the RMR and the ability to use more energy. This promotes weight loss through the loss of body fat in place of lean body tissue.

Question 3

The NWCR identified which behavior that resulted in successful long-term weight loss?&#10;A) Use of very low-calorie diets&#10;B) Use of pharmaceuticals&#10;C) Attending support groups&#10;D) Eating breakfast

Accepted Answer

The NWCR consists of more than 5000 individuals who have been successful in long-term weight loss maintenance. It found that there was very little similarity in how individuals lost weight, but there were some common behaviors they all have for keeping weight off: (1) eating a relatively low-fat diet, (2) weighing themselves regularly,
(3) engaging in high levels of physical activity, and (4) eating breakfast almost every day.

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT recommended by the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) as a method to maintain weight?&#10;A) Eating a relatively low-fat (24%) diet&#10;B) Eating breakfast almost every day&#10;C) Replacing full calorie drinks with zero-calorie substitutes&#10;D) Engaging in high levels (60-90 min/day) of physical activity

Accepted Answer

Artificial sweeteners and fat substitutes improve the acceptability of limited food intakes for some people (see Chapters 3 and 30). However, there is no evidence that using artificial sweeteners reduces food intake or results in weight loss, and they are not recommended by the NWCR.

Question 5

Which of the following diets advocates that carbohydrates should contribute no more than 40% of the total calories?&#10;A) Low-carbohydrate diet&#10;B) Protein-sparing modified diet&#10;C) Very low-calorie diet&#10;D) Zone Diet

Accepted Answer

The Zone Diet and the South Beach Diet are two diets that promote an intake of carbohydrate to less than 40% of total calories. The claim behind this is that this level of carbohydrate intake will result in reduced insulin secretion. Insulin is responsible for fat storage, and if less is secreted, less fat deposition will occur. Typical low-carbohydrate diets tend to have levels of 20% of total calories or less. A protein-sparing modified diet is a type of very low-calorie diet (VLCD) that provides protein but limits calories. The idea behind this is that if protein were provided by the diet, lean body tissue could be preserved while the patient lost weight. VLCDs provide the patient with only 200 to 800 calories/day and should be conducted under the care of a physician.

Question 6

Which of the following results from the use of fasting as a means of weight loss?&#10;A) Excessive weight gain after refeeding&#10;B) An initial rapid weight loss from diuresis&#10;C) A decrease in ketone formation&#10;D) Carbohydrate craving

Accepted Answer

More than half of the weight loss associated with fasting is caused by loss of fluid and loss of lean body tissue. Because of this, fasting is seldom prescribed for weight loss. Excessive weight gain after refeeding can occur when weight loss is associated with a decrease in metabolic rate from the body adapting to starvation.

Question 7

An increased incidence of which of the following diseases is NOT associated with obesity?&#10;A) Heart disease&#10;B) Osteoporosis&#10;C) Gallbladder disease&#10;D) Sleep apnea

Accepted Answer

Conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, gallbladder disease, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers worsen as the degree of obesity increases. Women of slight build and those who are underweight have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis.

Question 8

What methods of weight reduction have the highest rates of success?&#10;A) Diet combined with exercise&#10;B) Diet combined with lifestyle modification&#10;C) Diet, exercise, and lifestyle modification all combined&#10;D) Exercise combined with lifestyle modification

Accepted Answer

Weight reduction programs that integrate diet with physical activity and lifestyle modifications are the most likely to succeed. Whereas the promotion of weight loss by decreasing calorie intake is a primary component, physical activity has been demonstrated as being necessary for helping to maintain the weight loss. Behavior modification helps the person seeking weight loss learn about lifestyle and environmental factors that contribute to the promotion of weight gain. Inclusion of the understanding of what beyond food and activity contributes to obesity can help the patient make lifestyle changes to support the weight loss.

Question 9

The rate of weight loss for men on energy-deficient diets is more rapid than for women because men&#10;A) generally have less fat to lose.&#10;B) are more successful at weight reduction programs.&#10;C) have higher testing metabolic rate and lean body mass than women.&#10;D) are more likely to exercise while trying to lose weight.

Accepted Answer

Men lose weight faster than women of similar size because of their higher proportion of lean body mass and the resulting increase in resting metabolic rate. This results in higher calorie expenditure in men, leading to weight loss occurring more quickly. The amount of fat men and women have is affected by a variety of genetic and lifestyle factors, so men do not necessarily have less fat than women. The use and success of additional therapies beyond diet depend on individual choice and commitment to weight loss.

Question 10

Aerobic exercise is effective in weight management because it&#10;A) lowers glycogen stores and promotes the use of fat for fuel.&#10;B) decreases lean body mass in proportion to fat.&#10;C) increases resistance to insulin.&#10;D) decreases sensitivity to insulin.

Accepted Answer

Aerobic activity benefits weight management by promoting calorie expenditure. As the duration of aerobic activity continues, glycogen stores are used, and then fat stores start being used as the body's energy source. This results in a decrease in body fat. In combination with resistance training, lean body mass is maintained or increased, causing an increase in resting energy expenditure and continued loss of body fat. Aerobic exercise improves the body's sensitivity to insulin.

Question 11

Which enzyme removes dietary triglyceride from the blood?&#10;A) Hormone-sensitive lipase&#10;B) Lipoprotein lipase&#10;C) Cholecystokinin&#10;D) Insulin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which enzyme removes dietary triglyceride from the...

Question 12

During starvation, the body's adaptive response is a&#10;A) drop in the RMR as much as 15% in 2 weeks.&#10;B) rise in the RMR as much as 15% in 2 weeks.&#10;C) drop in the RMR as much as 25% in 1 month.&#10;D) rise in the RMR as much as 25% in 1 month.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During starvation, the body's adaptive response is...

Question 13

Gout may develop during fasting or after very low-calorie diets. This occurs because elevated ketones are impeding the elimination of&#10;A) uric acid.&#10;B) creatinine.&#10;C) sodium.&#10;D) potassium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gout may develop during fasting or after...

Question 14

Obese women should lose weight before becoming pregnant because of the possible impact of what compound released when adipose tissue is mobilized?&#10;A) Ghrelin&#10;B) Insulin&#10;C) Semi-volatile organic compounds&#10;D) Pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines

Accepted Answer

The answer of Obese women should lose weight before becoming...

Question 15

The greatest percentage of body fat is set&#10;A) at birth.&#10;B) at 6 years of age.&#10;C) at 6 months of age.&#10;D) before birth by genetics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The greatest percentage of body fat is...

Question 16

The metabolic syndrome is associated with which of the following groups of disorders?&#10;A) Glucose intolerance, gout, and hypertension&#10;B) Gout, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia&#10;C) Glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension&#10;D) Hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension

Accepted Answer

The answer of The metabolic syndrome is associated with which...

Question 17

Which of the following bariatric surgeries promotes weight loss through a combination of food restriction and malabsorption?&#10;A) Gastric banding&#10;B) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass&#10;C) Vertical banded gastroplasty&#10;D) Liposuction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following bariatric surgeries promotes...

Question 18

What should be the treatment goal in regard to a child or adolescent who is identified as overweight?&#10;A) Promote weight loss of 1 to 2 lb/week.&#10;B) Promote weight loss to reduce BMI below the 85th percentile.&#10;C) Promote weight maintenance and increased physical activity.&#10;D) Promote weight loss of 10 to 12 lb/year.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What should be the treatment goal in...

Deck 21: Nutrition in Weight Management