Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

The cell organelles that are the site of protein synthesis are the:

A)ribosomes
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes
D)Golgi apparatus

Answer 1

ribosomes

Question 2

The organic molecule in cell membranes that provides stability is:

A)protein
B)cholesterol
C)phospholipids
D)oligosaccharides

Answer 2

cholesterol

Question 3

The function of proteins in cell membranes is to:

A)form channels for transport
B)form receptor sites for hormones
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and to be carrier enzymes

Answer 3

both A and B and to be carrier enzymes

Question 4

Which of the following statements are true of human chromosomes? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Human chromosomes are made of DNA, protein, and glucose.
B)The total DNA in a cell is called the genome.
C)The genetic code of DNA is the sequence of the bases in each chromosome.
D)In the DNA double helix, the base adenine is always paired with guanine.
E)Hydrogen bonds help to maintain the shape of the DNA in the chromosomes.
F)When a cell is not dividing, the chromosomes may be seen lined up at the edge of the nucleus.

Question 5

Which statement is NOT true of the organic molecules of cell membranes?

A)Cholesterol forms carrier molecules.
B)Proteins form receptors.
C)Phospholipids make up the bilayer of the membranE.D.Oligosaccharides are self antigens.

Question 6

Which of the following statements are true of the processes of mitosis and meiosis? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)In one cycle of mitosis, two cells are formed.
B)In one cycle of mitosis, one cell divides once.
C)In mitosis, the new cells have the haploid number of chromosomes.
D)In one cycle of meiosis, four cells are formed.
E)In one cycle of meiosis, two cells divide twice eacH
F)In meiosis, the new cells have the diploid number of chromosomes.

Question 7

Which of the following statements are true of mitosis and meiosis? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Both processes are important for the repair of tissue.
B)Both processes are important for the growth of organs and the body as a whole.
C)Only meiosis can form an ovum.
D)Sperm cells are formed by either mitosis or meiosis.
E)New red blood cells are formed by the mitosis of stem cells in the red bone marrow.
F)If the skin is cut, mitosis will repair the damage.

Question 8

Which of the following statements are true of cellular transport mechanisms? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)In the body, CO₂ is exchanged by the process of filtration.
B)Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are both forms of exocytosis.
C)Active transport is the movement of molecules along (with) a concentration gradient.
D)A transporter molecule is specific for what it will carry through the cell membrane.
E)The energy for filtration in capillaries comes from blood pressurE
F)In the body, oxygen is exchanged by the process of diffusion.
G)Filtration is the first step in the formation of urine by the kidneys.
H)Osmosis is the process by which the small intestine absorbs water.

Question 9

Which of these is NOT true of the cell membrane?

A)It selectively allows materials to enter the cell.
B)It forms the outer boundary of the cell.
C)It enables cells to respond to hormones.
D)It is made of protein, glucose, and cholesterol.

Question 10

Which of the following statements are true of the process of protein synthesis? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)DNA has the original triplet code in its sequence of bases.
B)A tRNA molecule transfers a triplet from the DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a cell.
C)The triplet code specifies three amino acids for each base in the DNa.
D)An mRNA molecule takes a copy of the triplet code to an amino acid.
E)The ribosomes in the cytoplasm form ionic bonds between the amino acids.
F)The DNA base sequence for one protein is called a gene.

Question 11

The organic molecule in cell membranes that forms channels is:

A)protein
B)cholesterol
C)phospholipids
D)oligosaccharides

Question 12

The organic molecule in cell membranes that forms receptor sites for hormones is:

A)pentose sugar
B)protein
C)phospholipids
D)cholesterol

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true of cell organelles? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The Golgi apparatus is concerned with secretion.
B)Carbohydrates are synthesized by lysosomes.
C)Motile cilia are found on cells that absorb large quantities of nutrients.
D)Mitochondria produce ATP.
E)Tunnels for transport throughout the cytoplasm are formed by the endoplasmic reticulum.
F)Unneeded proteins are destroyed by ribosomes.
G)The centrioles are concerned with the movement of the cell.
H)The sites of protein synthesis are the proteasomes.

Question 14

The organic molecule in cell membranes that permits the diffusion of lipid-soluble materials is:

A)protein
B)cholesterol
C)phospholipids
D)oligosaccharides

Question 15

The organic molecule in cell membranes that forms self antigens attached to proteins is:

A)glucose
B)cholesterol
C)phospholipids
D)oligosaccharides

Question 16

Which of the following statements are true of cell membranes? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Cholesterol provides stability.
B)Receptor sites are made of glucose.
C)A cell membrane is selectively permeable.
D)Phospholipids are not always present.
E)Microvilli are cell membrane folds that sweep materials across the cell surfacE
F)Receptor sites are part of cell communication.

Question 17

The cell organelle that synthesizes carbohydrates and secretes cell products is the:

A)mitochondria
B)Golgi apparatus
C)ribosomes
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true of solutions? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)Any substance that dissolves in water is called a solute.
B)Compared to human cells, hypertonic solutions have a greater percentage of water.
C)Compared to human cells, hypotonic solutions have a smaller percentage of water.
D)Human cells placed in a hypotonic solution will shrivel.
E)Human cells placed in a hypertonic solution will swell and burst.
F)Blood plasma is isotonic to red blood cells.

Question 19

Which of the following statements are true of the stages of mitosis? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The set of chromosomes replicates itself during prophase.
B)A replicated chromosome is two identical chromatids.
C)The division of the cytoplasm of a cell follows metaphase.
D)During interphase, the chromosomes coil up and become visible.
E)In anaphase, the chromosomes move toward the equator of the cell.
F)Spindle fibers are formed during telophase.

Question 20

Which of the following statements are true of the nucleus of a cell? (Read carefully and select all of the correct statements.)

A)The nuclear membrane has four layers to protect the chromosomes.
B)The nucleus of a human body cell contains 48 chromosomes.
C)The nucleus of a human body cell is a diploid nucleus.
D)The chromosomes in the nucleus are made of DNA and protein.
E)Human cells that do not have nuclei are mature red blood cells.
F)The nucleus is the control center of the cell because it contains most of the mitochondria of the cell.

Question 21

The nucleus is the control center of the cell because it contains:

A)all of the enzymes of the cell
B)DNA in the chromosomes
C)RNA to synthesize the DNA of the cell
D)RNA in the chromosomes

Question 22

The genetic instructions for a cell's functions are contained in the:

A)RNA in the chromosomes in the nucleus
B)RNA in the enzymes in the cytoplasm
C)DNA in the enzymes in the cytoplasm
D)DNA in the chromosomes in the nucleus

Question 23

Some human cells have motile cilia, which:

A)sweep materials across the cell surface
B)produce lipids for the cell membrane
C)increase the surface area of the membrane
D)enable the entire cell to move

Question 24

The endoplasmic reticulum is a cell organelle that:

A)is a series of membrane tunnels
B)transports material within a cell
C)both A and B
D)both A and B and may have ribosomes on its surface

Question 25

Which statement is NOT true of the cell organelles?

A)The Golgi apparatus synthesizes carbohydrates.
B)The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids.
C)The mitochondria synthesize ATP.
D)The proteasomes synthesize new ribosomes.

Question 26

The cell organelle that transports materials within a cell is the:

A)Golgi apparatus
B)endoplasmic reticulum
C)mitochondrion
D)ribosome

Question 27

The cell organelles that contain enzymes to digest ingested pathogens are the:

A)ribosomes
B)mitochondria
C)lysosomes
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

Which statement is NOT true of the cell organelles?

A)Intracellular transport channels are formed by the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)Lysosomes secrete cellular products.
C)Ribosomes are found on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D)Motile cilia sweep materials over the surface of a cell.

Question 29

The lysosomes are cell organelles that contain enzymes for:

A)protein synthesis
B)cell respiration
C)synthesis of lipids for the cell membrane
D)digesting pathogens that enter the cell

Question 30

The ribosomes are cell organelles that:

A)are the site of cell respiration
B)are the site of protein synthesis
C)transport materials within the cell
D)are the site of lipid synthesis

Question 31

The proteasomes are cell organelles that:

A)synthesize cellular proteins
B)destroy damaged proteins
C)contain enzymes to destroy pathogens
D)secrete cell products

Question 32

The transport of materials through a membrane with the help of carrier enzymes is called:

A)facilitated diffusion
B)diffusion
C)active transport
D)osmosis

Question 33

Facilitated diffusion depends on:

A)the cholesterol in the cell membrane
B)transporters that are part of the cell membrane
C)the Golgi apparatus within the cell
D)the endoplasmic reticulum within the cell

Question 34

The cell organelles that permit sperm cells to move are the:

A)flagella
B)lysosomes
C)primary cilia
D)microvilli

Question 35

The process of facilitated diffusion is important to:

A)permit exchange of gases in the lungs
B)enable cells to take in water
C)enable most body cells to take in glucose
D)permit cells to secrete their products

Question 36

The mitochondria are cell organelles that:

A)are the site of protein synthesis
B)are the site of cell respiration
C)synthesize carbohydrates for energy storage
D)have enzymes to destroy pathogens

Question 37

The cell organelles that are the site of ATP production are the:

A)ribosomes
B)proteasomes
C)mitochondria
D)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 38

Chromosomes are made of ____ and are found in the ____ of cells.

A)DNA/nucleus
B)RNA/nucleus
C)proteins/cytoplasm
D)DNA/cytoplasm

Question 39

The cell organelles that break down damaged or misfolded proteins are the:

A)lysosomes
B)proteasomes
C)ribosomes
D)mitochondria

Question 40

The cell organelles that sweep materials across a surface are the:

A)flagella
B)lysosomes
C)microvilli
D)motile cilia

Question 41

The process of osmosis involves:

A)the movement of glucose through a membrane
B)the movement of water to an area of lower salt concentration
C)the diffusion of water through a membrane
D)the movement of salts to an area of more water

Question 42

The process of active transport is important to:

A)enable cells of the small intestine to absorb glucose and amino acids
B)permit exchange of gases in body tissues
C)enable cells of the kidneys to reabsorb small proteins
D)enable WBCs to ingest pathogens

Question 43

Blood pressure provides the energy for the transport process of:

A)osmosis
B)filtration
C)active transport
D)facilitated diffusion

Question 44

Tissue fluid is formed by the process of:

A)diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)osmosis
D)filtration

Question 45

The energy for active transport is provided by:

A)blood pressure in capillaries
B)the natural movement of molecules, or free energy
C)carrier enzymes in cell membranes
D)ATP produced in the cell

Question 46

The process of filtration is important to:

A)form urine in the kidneys
B)enable cells to take in glucose
C)enable cells to take in small proteins
D)none of these

Question 47

The process of filtration is important to:

A)permit exchange of gases in body tissues
B)form tissue fluid and bring nutrients to tissues
C)enable cells to excrete water
D)none of these

Question 48

The sodium pumps of nerve cells rely on the process of:

A)diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)active transport
D)filtration

Question 49

ATP provides the energy for the cellular transport process of:

A)osmosis
B)filtration
C)facilitated diffusion
D)active transport

Question 50

The cells of the small intestine absorb glucose and amino acids by the process of:

A)active transport
B)diffusion
C)pinocytosis
D)phagocytosis

Question 51

The movement of water and dissolved materials through a membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure is called:

A)diffusion
B)osmosis
C)active transport
D)filtration

Question 52

The energy for the process of filtration is provided by:

A)the ATP within cells
B)the free energy of molecules
C)blood pressure in capillaries
D)a concentration gradient of dissolved materials

Question 53

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called:

A)filtration
B)osmosis
C)pinocytosis
D)active transport

Question 54

Most cells take in glucose by the process of:

A)diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)osmosis
D)pinocytosis

Question 55

The movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration is called:

A)active transport
B)diffusion
C)pinocytosis
D)filtration

Question 56

The movement of molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration is called:

A)diffusion
B)filtration
C)active transport
D)facilitated diffusion

Question 57

The process of diffusion is important to:

A)form tissue fluid
B)enable WBCs to ingest pathogens
C)permit cells to take in glucose and amino acids
D)permit gas exchange in the lungs

Question 58

The energy for diffusion is provided by:

A)blood pressure in capillaries
B)ATP within cells
C)the free energy, or natural movement, of molecules
D)carrier enzymes in cell membranes

Question 59

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in tissues by the process of:

A)diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)osmosis
D)filtration

Question 60

The first step in the formation of urine by the kidneys is the process of:

A)filtration
B)osmosis
C)facilitated diffusion
D)diffusion

Question 61

If human cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, they will:

A)shrivel
B)swell and burst
C)remain the same
D)none of these will occur

Question 62

Which statement is NOT true of human cells and solutions?

A)An isotonic solution has the same salt concentration as cells.
B)A hypotonic solution has a lower salt concentration than cells.
C)Human cells in a hypertonic solution will shrivel.
D)Human cells in a hypotonic solution will lose water.

Question 63

The cells of the small intestine receive oxygen by ____, absorb glucose by ____, and absorb water by ____.

A)osmosis/active transport/filtration
B)diffusion/active transport/osmosis
C)diffusion/pinocytosis/filtration
D)osmosis/facilitated diffusion/diffusion

Question 64

A solution with a lesser salt concentration than cells is said to be:

A)hypertonic
B)hypotonic
C)isotonic
D)ginantonic

Question 65

The engulfing of something by a moving cell is called:

A)pinocytosis
B)active transport
C)phagocytosis
D)facilitated diffusion

Question 66

Human cells will lose water and shrivel if they are placed in a ____ solution.

A)neutral
B)isotonic
C)hypotonic
D)hypertonic

Question 67

The process of osmosis is important to:

A)bring oxygen to cells
B)permit the lungs to excrete water
C)form tissue fluid
D)permit the kidneys to reabsorb water

Question 68

Which statement is NOT true of cellular transport processes?

A)Tissue fluid is formed by osmosis.
B)The kidneys reabsorb water by osmosis.
C)Phagocytosis is a process used by WBCs.
D)The small intestine absorbs amino acids by active transport.

Question 69

The process of pinocytosis is important to:

A)enable the kidneys to reabsorb small proteins
B)permit absorption of glucose by cells
C)permit gas exchange in tissues
D)bring nutrients to cells in tissue fluid

Question 70

The absorption of small particles by stationary cells is called:

A)phagocytosis
B)pinocytosis
C)active transport
D)filtration

Question 71

The cells of the kidney release carbon dioxide by the process of ____, reabsorb water by ____, and reabsorb small proteins by ____.

A)osmosis/filtration/pinocytosis
B)osmosis/diffusion/active transport
C)diffusion/osmosis/pinocytosis
D)diffusion/filtration/active transport

Question 72

If human cells are placed in an isotonic solution, they will:

A)shrivel
B)swell and burst
C)remain the same
D)none of these will occur

Question 73

If human cells are placed in a hypotonic solution, they will:

A)shrivel
B)swell and burst
C)remain the same
D)none of these will occur

Question 74

Cells of the kidney tubules are able to reabsorb small proteins by the process of:

A)facilitated diffusion
B)phagocytosis
C)active transport
D)pinocytosis

Question 75

The small intestine absorbs water by the process of:

A)facilitated diffusion
B)active transport
C)osmosis
D)filtration

Question 76

The water of blood plasma and the water inside RBCs are solutions that are ____ to each other.

A)neutral
B)isotonic
C)hypotonic
D)hypertonic

Question 77

A solution with a greater salt concentration than cells is said to be:

A)hypertonic
B)hypotonic
C)isotonic
D)ginantonic

Question 78

Human cells will absorb water and swell and burst if they are placed in a ____ solution.

A)neutral
B)isotonic
C)hypotonic
D)hypertonic

Question 79

Which statement is NOT true of cellular transport processes?

A)Active transport requires ATP.
B)Diffusion depends upon the natural movement of molecules.
C)Osmosis is the diffusion of water.
D)Pinocytosis depends upon carrier enzymes.

Question 80

A solution with the same salt concentration as cells is said to be:

A)hypertonic
B)hypotonic
C)isotonic
D)ginantonic