Deck 5: Carbohydrates: Fuel and Fiber

Question 1

Which of the following foods is a rich source of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)?

A) Whole-grain breads
B) Red seedless grapes
C) Baked potato chips
D) "Regular" sweetened soft drinks

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The basic chemical unit of carbohydrates is a(an)

A) polysaccharide
B) monosaccharide.
C) disaccharide.
D) oligosaccharide.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared chocolate milk. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The sources of carbohydrate in this beverage are

A) 2% milk and and high-fructose corn syrup.
B) high-fructose corn syrup and saccharin.
C) 2% milk, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring.
D) high-fructose corn syrup and water.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?

A) Margarine
B) Citrus fruits
C) White bread
D) Eggs

Question 5

Which of the following carbohydrates is in plain, fat-free milk?

A) Starch
B) Sucrose
C) Lactose
D) Glycogen

Question 6

Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber?

A) Roast turkey
B) Beef steak
C) Brown rice
D) Grilled salmon

Question 7

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her iced tea with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

A) Sucrose
B) Sucralose
C) Aspartame
D) Xylitol

Question 8

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a substance that provides about 2 kcal/g. Which of the following sweeteners would she use?

A) Fructose
B) Honey
C) Sucrose
D) Mannitol

Question 9

Adam's usual caloric intake is 2200 kcal per day. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should contribute less than 10% of a person's total energy intake. Therefore, he should limit his added sugar intake to less than ____ kcal per day.

A) 330
B) 440
C) 220
D) 200

Question 10

The common name for glucose is

A) milk sugar.
B) blood sugar.
C) fruit sugar.
D) simple sugar.

Question 11

Ty's diet is low in a form of carbohydrate that the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans describes as a nutrient of "public health concern." To improve his intake of this nutrient, Ty should eat more _____.

A) milk
B) oatmeal
C) chicken
D) eggs

Question 12

A source of sucrose is

A) canned tuna.
B) whole milk.
C) egg yolk.
D) sugar cane.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

A) An egg is a rich source of carbohydrate.
B) Beans are a good source of lactose.
C) Sugar-sweetened soft drinks are a good source of lactose.
D) Honey is a rich source of fructose.

Question 14

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

A) maltose, lactose, and galactose.
B) galactose, glucose, and fructose.
C) glucose, galactose, and sucrose.
D) fructose, lactose, and levulose.

Question 15

A primary fuel for muscles and other cells is

A) starch.
B) fructose.
C) glycogen.
D) glucose.

Question 16

Which of the following substances is a major dietary monosaccharide for humans?

A) Mannose
B) Xylose
C) Sucrose
D) Fructose

Question 17

Marty's usual caloric intake is 2800 kcal per day. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, added sugars should contribute less than 10% of a person's total energy intake. Therefore, he should limit his added sugar intake to less than ____ kcal per day.

A) 420
B) 280
C) 560
D) 700

Question 18

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?

A) Unsalted butter
B) Cooked beans
C) Chicken liver
D) Whole eggs

Question 19

Ian sweetens his hot oatmeal with a teaspoon of brown sugar. The chemical name for this type of sugar is

A) galactose.
B) maltose.
C) sucrose.
D) lactose.

Question 20

Leah's parents are concerned their five-year-old daughter will develop tooth decay, if she chews gum that's sweetened with sugar. Based on this information, Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that's sweetened with

A) honey.
B) dextrose.
C) sucrose.
D) xylitol.

Question 21

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

A) Egg yolk
B) Sweet potato
C) Grapefruit
D) Chicken liver

Question 22

Glycogen is composed of hundreds of _____ molecules.

A) sucrose
B) fructose
C) glucose
D) galactose

Question 23

Which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecules?

A) Galactose
B) Maltose
C) Lactose
D) Sucrose

Question 24

A food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. One of the ingredients was a complex chemical that consisted of hundreds of glucose molecules bonded together. When the scientist tested the complex chemical, she discovered it could be digested by humans. Based on this information, the complex chemical was a form of _____.

A) fiber
B) starch
C) sucrose
D) cellulose

Question 25

A food scientist is developing a infant formula that has the same carbohydrate composition as milk. Based on this information, which of the following substances would he add to the formula's recipe?

A) Sucralose
B) Xylitol
C) Lactose
D) Mannose

Question 26

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

A) Rice
B) Hamburger
C) Strawberries
D) Butter

Question 27

Which of the following substances is a disaccharide comprised of one glucose and one galactose molecule?

A) Lactose
B) Maltose
C) Hexose
D) Sucrose

Question 28

Glycogen is the

A) simple sugar in grapes, carrots, and honey that the body converts to fat.
B) nonnutritive sweetener that can replace high-fructose corn syrup in baked products.
C) carbohydrate that's stored in liver and muscle tissue.
D) polysaccharide made by plants that provides structural support for leaves and stems.

Question 29

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch?

A) Eggs, fat-free milk, and honey
B) Corn, potatoes, and rice
C) Beef, seafood, and roast chicken
D) Liver, apples, and cheese

Question 30

A food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. One of the ingredients was a simple chemical that consisted of a molecule of glucose bonded to another molecule of glucose. This ingredient was _____.

A) sucrose
B) maltose
C) lactose
D) oligogalactose

Question 31

A food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. One of the ingredients was a simple chemical that consisted of a molecule of glucose bonded to a molecule of fructose. This ingredient was _____.

A) oligofructose
B) sucrose
C) maltose
D) lactose

Question 32

The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of _____ molecules.

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) glycogen
D) polysaccharide

Question 33

A food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. One of the ingredients was a simple chemical that consisted of a molecule of glucose bonded to a molecule of galactose. This ingredient was _____.

A) oligogalactose
B) sucrose
C) maltose
D) lactose

Question 34

Jacob has a rare medical condition that prevents his body from storing glucose as glycogen. Every four hours, day and night, Jacob has to consume a source of glucose that's slowly digested and absorbed by the intestinal tract. Which of the following foods should Jacob mix with water to form his life-saving solution?

A) sucralose
B) corn starch
C) cellulose
D) stevia extracts

Question 35

Lactose is the disaccharide in

A) milk.
B) liver.
C) sugar.
D) grapes.

Question 36

Insulin is made by the

A) kidneys.
B) liver.
C) pancreas.
D) gallbladder.

Question 37

The starch in oatmeal and a slice of whole wheat bread is composed of _____ molecules.

A) lactose
B) mannose
C) fructose
D) glucose

Question 38

If you wanted to include a starchy food to your meal, which of the following foods would you add?

A) Corn
B) Eggs
C) Green beans
D) Fat-free milk

Question 39

A food scientist has chemically analyzed a food item to determine its ingredients. One of the ingredients was a complex chemical that consisted of several hundred glucose molecules bonded together. When the scientist tested the complex chemical, he discovered it couldn't be digested by humans. Based on this information, the complex chemical was a form of _____.

A) lactose
B) fiber
C) starch
D) sucrose

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Insoluble fiber swells in water, which attracts cholesterol molecules to the fiber.
B) The human body stores soluble fiber in muscle tissue.
C) A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation.
D) The human intestinal tract releases enzymes that breakdown dietary fiber into glucose molecules.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber helps reduce the risk of heart disease.
B) Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.
C) Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans.
D) Your digestive tract doesn't produce enzymes that can digest dietary fiber.

Question 42

Marissa is healthy, but she's concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce her risk of this disease, Marissa should

A) drink at least 8 glasses of water daily.
B) avoid gaining excess weight.
C) take iron supplements daily.
D) use foods that are artificially sweetened.

Question 43

Chelsea is concerned that her 2-year-old daughter may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

A) Gaining an unexpected amount of weight
B) Urinating less frequently than normal
C) Having fruity-smelling breath
D) Having a fasting blood glucose level of 80 mg/dl

Question 44

If your diet supplies more glucose than you need, the excess can be

A) stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
B) metabolized to form ketone bodies and excreted by the kidneys.
C) unabsorbed by the digestive tract and eliminated in bowel movements.
D) converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy.

Question 45

Which of the following statements is true?

A) A person who has phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products that contain saccharin.
B) Sucralose provides 4 kcal/gram.
C) Most "artificial" sweeteners have been banned by the FDA because of safety concerns.
D) Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores.

Question 46

According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol?

A) Lean beef
B) American cheese
C) Whole milk
D) Cooked oatmeal

Question 47

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it's very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more than normal amounts of

A) muscle fibers.
B) beta cells.
C) glycogen stores.
D) ketone bodies.

Question 48

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has

A) metabolic syndrome.
B) type 2 diabetes.
C) lactose intolerance.
D) botulism poisoning.

Question 49

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?

A) Having northern European ancestry
B) Weighing more than average
C) Having a lower than average waist circumference
D) Being taller than average

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Sucrose is comprised of glucose and fructose.
B) Sucrose causes hyperactivity in children.
C) Sucrose is a direct source of energy for cells.
D) Sucrose supplies more energy, gram per gram, than starch.

Question 51

Lena's 4-year-old son isn't feeling well. He lacks much interest in playing, he's lost weight, his breath has a strange odor, and he seems to be thirsty all the time. Based on this information, Lena should

A) have her son tested for type 1 diabetes.
B) increase her son's intake of phenylalanine.
C) decrease her son's intake of dietary fiber.
D) have her son tested for metabolic syndrome.

Question 52

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Breads that are made with 100% wheat flour are rich sources of fiber.
B) People may reduce their risk of type 1 diabetes by eating more fiber-rich foods.
C) The typical American diet supplies recommended amounts of fiber.
D) Fruits and vegetables are sources of fiber.

Question 53

Bryan thinks he has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a sign or symptom of this chronic disease?

A) Craving for salty foods
B) Excessive thirst
C) Less than normal need to urinate
D) Fewer than normal red blood cells

Question 54

Which of the following substances is a hormone that maintains your blood glucose level within normal limits, while you're asleep and when you haven't eaten for awhile?

A) Neotame
B) Insulin
C) Amylase
D) Glucagon

Question 55

Pancreatic amylase

A) digests starch in the small intestine.
B) converts glucose to energy in cells.
C) is secreted by the gallbladder.
D) contributes to metabolic syndrome.

Question 56

Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

A) Having a fasting blood sugar level of 80 mg/dl
B) Losing weight despite increased appetite
C) Gaining an unexpected amount of weight
D) Having a fasting blood glucose level of 95 mg/dl

Question 57

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

A) Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.
B) Soluble fiber is in animal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods.
C) Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease.
D) Soluble fiber can be digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested.

Question 58

Which of the following sweeteners provides 0 kcal per serving?

A) Galactose
B) Maltose
C) Sucrose
D) Sucralose

Question 59

Amy has type 1 diabetes. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

A) Amy should avoid eating foods that contain carbohydrates.
B) Amy should avoid spreading the chronic disease to other people.
C) Amy needs to obtain insulin either by injections or an insulin pump.
D) Amy needs to lose weight and exercise more to reduce the negative effects that diabetes can have on her body.

Question 60

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.
B) The human digestive tract makes enzymes that digest fiber into glucose molecules.
C) Scientists classify a form of fiber according to whether it dissolves or swells in oil.
D) Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat.

Question 61

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?

A) Drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily
B) Taking vitamin C supplements
C) Exercising daily
D) Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week

Question 62

Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Anna tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should

A) don't eat anything for the next 5 hours, which provides time for her blood glucose level to drop to normal naturally.
B) give herself an extra injection of insulin.
C) do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal.
D) consume candy or fruit juice to increase her blood glucose level.

Question 63

Kayla consumes a sugar-frosted doughnut for a snack. In her gastrointestinal tract, the sucrose in the doughnut is digested into

A) lactose and maltose.
B) mannose and galactose.
C) glucose and fructose.
D) maltose and glycogen.

Question 64

Insulin

A) binds simple sugars so they can be eliminated by the intestinal tract.
B) helps glucose enter cells.
C) signals cells to break down glycogen.
D) is released by the pancreas during fasting periods, such as between meals.

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true?

A) To remain healthy, your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140 mg/dl.
B) People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes.
C) A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%.
D) Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease.

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true?

A) A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%.
B) To remain healthy, your fasting blood glucose level should be between 70 and 100 mg/dl.
C) People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes.
D) People who have diabetes should limit their intake of soluble fiber.

Question 67

Jamie has reactive hypoglycemia. Based on this information, Jamie should

A) increase her intake of refined carbohydrates.
B) eliminate fat from her diet.
C) take insulin to reduce her blood glucose level.
D) eat smaller, more frequent meals.

Question 68

Shawn's waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure is consistently high, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. Based on this information, Shawn has

A) metabolic syndrome.
B) diverticula.
C) constipation.
D) lactose intolerance.

Question 69

Nickki has severe lactose intolerance. Which of the following foods should she consume to obtain calcium?

A) Cream cheese
B) Cottage cheese
C) Fat-free milk
D) Soy milk

Question 70

Mark has type 2 diabetes. After testing Mark's blood, his physician told him that his blood glucose level was OK, but he needs to do a better job of controlling his blood glucose level. Why would the physician make such a recommendation to Mark?

A) Mark's HbA1c is 8.5.
B) Mark's blood pressure is too low.
C) Mark is losing weight rapidly.
D) Mark's fasting HDL cholesterol level is high.

Question 71

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)?

A) Cooked spaghetti
B) Banana
C) Baked potato
D) Peanuts

Question 72

Susan has type 2 diabetes. According to Susan's latest medical report, her fasting blood glucose level was 95 mg/dl. After he reviewed the entire report, Susan's physician told her to do a better job of controlling her blood glucose level. Why would Susan's physician make such a recommendation to her?

A) Susan's fasting LDL cholesterol level was low.
B) Susan's blood glucose level was too high.
C) Susan's blood pressure was too low.
D) Susan's HbA1c was 8.2.

Question 73

Glucagon

A) lowers blood glucose levels.
B) stimulates cells to store glucose as glycogen.
C) promotes the breakdown of glycogen.
D) helps glucose enter cells.

Question 74

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)?

A) Fat-free milk
B) Raw carrots
C) Raw apple
D) Corn flakes cereal

Question 75

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should

A) reduce her intake of whole-grain breads and cereals.
B) increase her intake of refined carbobydrates.
C) reduce her intake of fruits and vegetables.
D) increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is true?

A) People who drink sugar-sweetened soft drinks may gain body fat, especially if they don't reduce their intake of energy from solid foods.
B) Sugars and other digestible carbohydrates comprise over 80% of the average American's total energy intake.
C) A gram of sugar provides about twice the calories as a gram of starch.
D) Children who eat large amounts of sugary foods have a higher than average risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Question 77

Five-year-old Layla consumes a lot of sugary snacks. Based on this information, Layla has a high risk of

A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
B) tooth decay.
C) metabolic syndrome.
D) type 1 diabetes.

Question 78

In the your intestinal tract, the starch in cooked rice is broken down into molecules of

A) sucrose.
B) lactose.
C) fructose.
D) glucose.

Question 79

Which of the following statements is true?

A) People with hypoglycemia have blood glucose levels that are greater than 70 mg/dl.
B) The primary sign of diabetes is chronically high blood glucose levels.
C) In the United States, type 1 diabetes is more common than type 2 diabetes.
D) A person with type 1 diabetes who takes too much insulin is likely to experience very high blood glucose levels.

Question 80

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?

A) Losing excess body fat
B) Drinking 3 servings of alcohol daily
C) Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week
D) Reducing intake of salty foods