Deck 11: Nutrition for Your Life, Environment, and World

Question 1

Which of the following foods is often a source of food-borne pathogens?

A) Raw ground turkey
B) Chocolate cookies
C) Golden raisins
D) Frozen peaches

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and even death.

A) Trichinella
B) Clostridium botulinum
C) Giardia
D) Salmonella species

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom, wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly.

A) 90
B) 60
C) 20
D) 40

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following foods is frequently a source of the toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?

A) Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
B) Egg salad
C) Dried apricots
D) Commercially canned baked beans

Question 5

Three days after eating an undercooked hamburger patty at a picnic, Grace experienced intestinal cramps and bloody diarrhea. When Grace became too weak to walk, her roommate took her to the emergency room of a hospital. Grace required treatment for kidney failure. Based on this information, which of the following food-borne pathogens was most likely responsible for Grace's serious illness?

A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Trichinella
C)
D) Bacillus cereus
E) coli O157:H7

Question 6

Julio wants to cook chicken, make a salad, and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he

A) thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
B) marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade.
C) wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad
Vegetables.
D) keeps the pie chilled before serving it.

Question 7

_____ is a type of tiny worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked fish.

A) Cryptosporidium
B) Anisakis
C) Salmonella
D) Giardia

Question 8

Franco made dinner for his roommates. The meal included a baked cut-up chicken, fruit salad, and stir-fried rice with mixed vegetables. About 8 hours after eating dinner, Franco and his roommates experienced nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and diarrhea. Based on this information, Franco probably

A) allowed the frozen vegetables to thaw before adding them to the rice.
B) didn't cook the rice completely, before he added the vegetables to it.
C) thawed the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
D) didn't wash the knife that he used to cut up the chicken before using it to cut up the fruit.

Question 9

On her last camping trip, Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake. Two days later, she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Based on this information, Jenny probably is infected with

A) Giardia.
B) Clostridium perfringens.
C) Anisakis.
D) Listeria monocytogenes.

Question 10

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between

A) 40 and 140 ºF.
B) 60 and 160 ºF.
C) 80 and 180 ºF.
D) 20 and 120 ºF.

Question 11

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?

A) Honey
B) Oatmeal
C) Raw chicken
D) Canned applesauce

Question 12

Vince enjoys cooking, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps can he take to reduce this likelihood?

A) Store raw meat and chicken in the same plastic bag
B) Thaw frozen foods at room temperature
C) Wipe his hands on a paper towel before preparing food
D) Cook foods to proper internal temperatures

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Giardia is a tiny worm that lives in raw fish.
B) After a meal, refrigerate leftovers within 5 hours.
C) Freezing food kills the pathogenic bacteria it contains.
D) Raw ground beef is often a source of
E) coli O157:H7.

Question 14

Which of the following U.S. government agencies regulates the proper use of pesticides?

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Department of Agriculture
C) Agricultural Research Service
D) Environmental Protection Agency

Question 15

Which of the following agencies is responsible for inspecting restaurants for food-related safety problems?

A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Local health department
C) Environmental Protection Agency
D) State public health department

Question 16

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he

A) thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
B) uses a clean knife to cut up the salad vegetables.
C) marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken and uses the marinade to make a dipping sauce for the chicken.
D) keeps the pie chilled before serving it.

Question 17

Pathogens

A) are disease-causing microbes.
B) cause oxidation of nutrients.
C) protect cells from free radical destruction.
D) damage DNA.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

A) In the United States, people rarely suffer from food-borne illnesses.
B) An undercooked hamburger patty is the most likely source of giardia.
C) The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for inspecting local restaurants and grocery stores to ensure they meet food safety standards.
D) A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it's safe to eat.

Question 19

Which of the following foods often is a source of a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?

A) Ripe bananas
B) Uncooked brown rice
C) Canned green beans
D) Potato salad

Question 20

_____ is a type of parasitic worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked pork, bear, or seal meat.

A) Cryptosporidium
B) Anisakis
C) Giardia
D) Trichinella

Question 21

The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A) 140 ºF.
B) 160 ºF.
C) 130 ºF.
D) 150 ºF.

Question 22

Hayley is due to give birth to a girl in November. Before she became pregnant, Hayley weighed 108 pounds, which was in the underweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A) 28 to 40
B) 8 to 20
C) 18 to 30
D) 38 to 50

Question 23

Ashley is due to give birth to a girl in March. Before she became pregnant, Ashley weighed 125 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A) 15 to 25
B) 20 to 30
C) 25 to 35
D) 10 to 20

Question 24

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A) 25 to 35
B) 35 to 45
C) 10 to 20
D) 15 to 25

Question 25

The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

A) placenta
B) uterus
C) ovary
D) endometrium

Question 26

The USDA recommends that egg custard be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A) 150 ºF.
B) 160 ºF.
C) 170 ºF.
D) 180 ºF.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true?

A) A proper functioning placenta allows the mother's blood to mix with her fetus's blood.
B) The embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the preconceptual period.
C) The placenta blocks toxic substances from reaching the embryo/fetus.
D) Eight weeks after conception and until its birth, the developing human being is called a fetus.

Question 28

Kristan is due to give birth to a boy in September. Before she became pregnant, Kristan weighed 160 pounds, which was in the overweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A) 15 to 25
B) 30 to 40
C) 20 to 30
D) 25 to 35

Question 29

Jenna is due to give birth to a girl in February. Before she became pregnant, Jenna weighed 105 pounds, which was in the underweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A) 38 to 50
B) 48 to 60
C) 18 to 20
D) 28 to 40

Question 30

Iliana is due to give birth to a girl in March. Before she became pregnant, IIiana weighed 135 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A) 25 to 35
B) 40 to 50
C) 35 to 45
D) 30 to 40

Question 31

Reyna is a healthy 27-year-old pregnant woman. She is experiencing _____, a common nutrition-related sign of pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A) protein in urine
B) hypertension
C) eclampsia
D) minor edema of the hands and feet

Question 32

The USDA recommends that a salmon steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A) 175 ºF.
B) 155 ºF.
C) 165 ºF.
D) 145 ºF.

Question 33

Zoe is due to give birth to a girl in November. Before she became pregnant, Zoe weighed 168 pounds, which was in the overweight range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A) no more than 5
B) 20 to 35
C) 10 to 15
D) 15 to 25

Question 34

According to the USDA, a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches

A) 115 ºF.
B) 145 ºF.
C) 125 ºF.
D) 165 ºF.

Question 35

The placenta

A) transfers sperm to the egg so fertilization can occur.
B) makes essential micronutrients that the embryo/fetus requires for growth and development.
C) transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.
D) filters viruses and toxins from the mother's bloodstream, preventing them from reaching the embryo/fetus.

Question 36

The USDA recommends that a beef steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A) 175 ºF.
B) 165 ºF.
C) 155 ºF.
D) 145 ºF.

Question 37

The USDA recommends that fresh turkey be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A) 165 ºF.
B) 155 ºF.
C) 175 ºF.
D) 145 ºF.

Question 38

The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A) 130 ºF.
B) 145 ºF.
C) 155 ºF.
D) 140 ºF.

Question 39

Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women?

A) Gestational hypertension
B) Mild nausea and vomiting
C) Eclampsia
D) Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 40

Elsa is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Elsa weighed 195 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. She should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 15
D) 25

Question 41

Lucinda is a healthy, physically active young woman whose energy requirement is 2750 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

A) 2500 kcal
B) 2250 kcal
C) 2750 kcal
D) 2000 kcal

Question 42

Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula feed her new baby. To encourage Kari to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that

A) human milk has the same composition as infant formula.
B) breastfeeding can reduce her baby's risk of anemia in childhood.
C) breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy.
D) breast milk contains many types of bacteria, including "healthy" microbes, as it leaves the breast.

Question 43

Which of the following conditions is a major cause of death among pregnant women in the United States?

A) Severe morning sickness
B) Iron deficiency
C) Pica
D) Eclampsia

Question 44

Michelle is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula feed her new baby. To encourage Michelle to breastfeed, you provide some factual information by telling her that

A) breastfeeding may reduce her baby's risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood.
B) her milk will always be the same composition, regardless of her baby's age.
C) many types of bacteria, some of which are healthy kinds, are in human milk as it leaves the breast.
D) breast milk is an excellent source of vitamin D, fiber, and iron.

Question 45

Tammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2300 kcal/day. Based on this information, her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy.

A) 1800
B) 2300
C) 2200
D) 2000

Question 46

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains

A) protein.
B) oxytocin.
C) fish oil.
D) folic acid.

Question 47

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ____ is a nutrient of public health concern for pregnant women.

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B-6
C) iron
D) protein

Question 48

_____ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast.

A) Estrogen
B) Oxytocin
C) Prolactin
D) Progesterone

Question 49

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce

A) colostrum.
B) prolactin.
C) pica.
D) oxytocin.

Question 50

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains

A) iron.
B) oxytocin.
C) protein.
D) intrinsic factor.

Question 51

During her 7th month of pregnancy, Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that's characterized by hypertension and convulsions. Based on this information, Sari developed

A) endometriosis.
B) echolacia.
C) endocarditis.
D) eclampsia.

Question 52

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

A) 1800 kcal
B) 2250 kcal
C) 2600 kcal
D) 3050 kcal

Question 53

Emma is a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) calcium
D) niacin

Question 54

The hormone oxytocin

A) enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby.
B) reduces the ability of blood to clot during the birth process.
C) suppresses energy metabolism during pregnancy.
D) increases a woman's appetite during pregnancy.

Question 55

Cammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2000 kcal/day. Based on this information, her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy.

A) 2000
B) 2200
C) 2400
D) 1800

Question 56

Some women crave non-food items during pregnancy. This behavior is called

A) edema.
B) preeclampsia.
C) pica.
D) eclampsia.

Question 57

Angie is due to give birth to a boy in June. Before she became pregnant, Angie weighed 215 pounds, which was in the obese BMI range. She should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A) 10
B) 5
C) 20
D) 15

Question 58

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy, the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding. This practice

A) reduces Ariel's risk of bleeding excessively after delivery.
B) increases the baby's heart rate, reducing his risk of infantile hypertension.
C) suppresses Ariel's metabolic rate, so her body can shift more energy into milk production.
D) enables the baby's "let-down" reflex to occur, so his gastrointestinal tract will function normally.

Question 59

Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system?

A) ATP
B) DHA
C) Oleic acid
D) Hydroxybutyric acid

Question 60

Corrina is a 25-year-old pregnant woman. Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

A) vitamin C
B) calcium
C) vitamin D
D) folate

Question 61

Human milk is a rich source of

A) cholesterol.
B) fluoride.
C) vitamin D.
D) iron.

Question 62

Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they

A) develop the let-down reflex.
B) have most of their primary teeth.
C) can digest lactose.
D) lose the extrusion reflex.

Question 63

Registered dietitian nutritionists recommend feeding babies

A) fresh fluid cow's milk by the time they are 6 months of age.
B) solid foods by the time the infants are 2 months of age.
C) fat-free milk when they are 10 to 12 months of age.
D) only breast milk until the infants are 6 months of age.

Question 64

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Because of the choking hazard, children should not be offered cut-up raw vegetables until they are at least 7 years of age.
B) It's unusual for young children to have food jags.
C) Snacks have no place in a child's diet.
D) A child's appetite typically increases as his or her growth rate increases.

Question 65

Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they

A) can sit up with some back support.
B) have most of their primary teeth.
C) lose the let-down reflex.
D) can digest proteins.

Question 66

Alexis weighs 6.5 pounds at birth. Assuming her development proceeds normally, she should weigh about _____ pounds by her first birthday.

A) 32.5
B) 19.5
C) 26.0
D) 13.0

Question 67

Which of the following statements is true?

A) It's safe to use honey to sweeten infant foods.
B) Goat's milk mixed with gelatin water is a suitable substitute for breast milk.
C) By 2 to 4 months of age, most infants can use their fingers to pick up and chew "finger foods."
D) Caregivers shouldn't give popcorn, grapes, and cut-up raw vegetables to infants.

Question 68

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

A) semisolid food in a baby bottle
B) soy-based formulas
C) rice cereal
D) formulas containing lactose or DHA

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Women who feed their babies formula tend to lose the extra body fat gained during pregnancy faster than women who breastfeed.
B) Breastfeeding is more economical than formula feeding.
C) Women who breastfeed have higher risks of breast cancer before they reach menopause than women who feed their babies formula.
D) Formula feeding is more convenient and less costly than breastfeeding.

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Formula feeding is less expensive than breastfeeding.
B) Women who breastfeed have higher risks of breast cancer before they reach menopause than women who feed their babies formula.
C) Colostrum provides a baby with antibodies from its mother that aren't supplied by commercial formulas.
D) Women who feed their babies formula tend to lose the extra body fat gained during pregnancy faster than women who breastfeed.

Question 71

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

A) rice cereal
B) soft drinks
C) formulas that contain DHA
D) soy-based formulas

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Formula feeding is less expensive than breastfeeding.
B) Women who feed their babies formula tend to lose the extra body fat gained during pregnancy faster than women who breastfeed.
C) Breastfeeding is more convenient than formula feeding, especially for mothers who don't have to leave their babies during the day.
D) Women who breastfeed have higher risks of breast cancer before they reach menopause than women who feed their babies formula.

Question 73

_____ is the gradual process of shifting a baby from breastfeeding or bottle feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods.

A) Weaning
B) Cupping
C) Sparing
D) Transitioning

Question 74

You can improve your children's eating habits by

A) using food as a reward.
B) discouraging snacking on peanuts and sunflower seeds.
C) replacing sugar-sweetened soft drinks with water.
D) encouraging consumption of a least 6 cups of milk daily.

Question 75

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

A) soy-based formulas
B) rice cereal
C) formulas containing lactose or DHA
D) honey

Question 76

Bernard weighs 7.5 pounds at birth. Assuming his development proceeds normally, he should weigh about _____ pounds by his first birthday.

A) 18.5
B) 24.5
C) 22.5
D) 20.5

Question 77

Human milk is a rich source of

A) fluoride.
B) vitamin D.
C) iron.
D) arachidonic acid.

Question 78

Human milk is a rich source of

A) vitamin D.
B) linoleic acid.
C) iron.
D) fluoride.

Question 79

You can improve your children's eating habits by

A) encouraging consumption of toasted cheese sandwiches made with Cheddar cheese and white bread.
B) discouraging eating while watching television.
C) discouraging snacking on peanuts and sunflower seeds.
D) encouraging consumption of flavored, sugar-sweetened yogurt.

Question 80

Six-month-old Leon has been breastfed exclusively since birth. Jacob, another 6-month-old infant has never been breastfed, so he consumes a commercial infant formula that's fortified with iron. Both babies are being cared for in their homes. Based on this information, which of the following statements are true?

A) Leon has fewer ear infections than Jacob.
B) Leon has more intestinal infections than Jacob.
C) Jacob is starting to develop iron deficiency.
D) Jacob has fewer respiratory infections than Leon.