Deck 6: Jails: Way Stations Along the Justice Highway

Question 1

The supervising officers of a second-generation jail are unable to respond quickly to problems or interact effectively with inmates because _____.

A) of an intervening security control booth​
B) of the podular design of the cells that prevents them from looking inside
C) razor wires surround the facility in an awkward manner
D) the pods are extremely overcrowded

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A _____ is a locally operated correctional facility that confines people before and after conviction.

A) juvenile home
B) penitentiary
C) jail
D) brig

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is true of a first-generation jail?

A) An officer cannot see what is going on in more than one or two cells at a time.
B) An officer can interact with inmates and maintain control and leadership over the pods.
C) An officer cannot respond quickly to problems with inmates because of the intervening security control booth.
D) An officer can observe activity in common areas or dayrooms.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following best describes an unsecured bond?

A) A promise to return to court
B) Release from jail under specific conditions
C) Payment of a fee for missing a court hearing
D) Following conditions set by a supervising pretrial service agency

Question 5

It is believed that _____ of England ordered the first jail built in 1166.

A) King Henry II
B) King Richard III
C) King George
D) King William

Question 6

A release option that requires the payment of the full bail amount in order to avoid jail pretrial is known as a _____ bond.

A) bail
B) deposit
C) cash
D) property

Question 7

Identify a feature of jails.

A) Jails confine persons found in contempt.
B) Jails hold inmates sentenced to long terms of incarceration.
C) Jails do not house inmates for federal authorities.
D) Jails do not provide protective custody.

Question 8

The release of an inmate under specific conditions is known as a(n) _____.

A) unconditional waiver
B) unsecured bond
C) conditional release
D) release to pretrial services

Question 9

A jail in which the staff remains in a secure control booth surrounded by inmate housing areas, called pods, is called a _____ jail.

A) first-generation
B) second-generation
C) third-generation
D) fourth-generation

Question 10

The sum of the number of persons admitted to jail each year is called _____.

A) total admission
B) daily population
C) operational capacity
D) rated capacity

Question 11

Which of the following is a release option that requires money to get out of a jail pretrial?

A) Agency bond
B) Corporate bond
C) Municipal bond
D) Deposit bond

Question 12

Inmates sentenced to jail usually have a maximum sentence of _____.

A) one year
B) three years
C) five years
D) seven years

Question 13

Second-generation jails are also known as _____.

A) podular remote-supervision facilities
B) indirect-supervision jails
C) circular-dayroom facilities
D) pay-to-stay jails

Question 14

The sum of the number of inmates in a jail or prison each day for a year, divided by the total number of days in the year is known as _____.

A) average daily population
B) total admission
C) operational capacity
D) end-of-year count

Question 15

A _____ jail is designed for sporadic supervision.

A) first-generation
B) second-generation
C) third-generation
D) fourth-generation

Question 16

The _____ pushed for reform among inmates in the Walnut Street Jail.

A) Mormons
B) Baptists
C) Quakers
D) Unitarians

Question 17

According to the researchers of the Laura and John Arnold Foundation, _____ is a predictor of a defendant's behavior.

A) criminal record
B) cognitive ability
C) educational background
D) medical history

Question 18

A jail with multiple-occupancy cells or dormitories that line corridors arranged like spokes is called a _____ jail.

A) first-generation
B) second-generation
C) third-generation
D) fourth-generation

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of jails?

A) The daily population of jails is lower than that of prisons.
B) The annual total of people incarcerated in prisons is higher than that of jails.
C) Jails have static population.
D) Jails confine offenders primarily before conviction.

Question 20

The first jail in the United States was the _____ in Philadelphia.

A) Auburn Jail
B) Cook County Jail
C) Pennsylvania Jail
D) Walnut Street Jail

Question 21

Direct supervision places a single deputy directly in a housing pod with between _____ inmates.

A) 32 and 64
B) 40 and 70
C) 52 and 84
D) 60 and 90

Question 22

According to a 1996 legislation, cities and states are allowed to detain juvenile offenders for up to _____ hours in an adult jail before a court appearance.

A) 48
B) 36
C) 24
D) 12

Question 23

According to the report released by the National Institute of Correction, the _____ theory describes the different ways women and men develop.

A) causal
B) addiction
C) trauma
D) relational

Question 24

Much of the increase in the number of jail inmates is the result of _____ enforcement.

A) drug crime
B) vehicle crime
C) environmental crime
D) corporate crime

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true of third-generation jails?

A) There are no physical barriers between supervising officers and inmates.
B) There are at least two secure control booths for supervising officers.
C) There are no staff to observe the activities of inmates or to address inmates' problems.
D) There are razor wires fitted inside the facility as the only physical barrier between inmates.

Question 26

Identify a true statement about Crisis Intervention Teams.

A) It is a police-based first responder program for those in a mental illness crisis.
B) It is also known as the "Metamorphosis Model" of pre-arrest jail diversion.
C) It is launched primarily for the protection of sexually abused inmates.
D) It is a strategy that aims at reducing the number of drug addicts in a prison.

Question 27

The transition offenders make from prison or jail to the community is known as _____.

A) reentry
B) conversion
C) certification
D) manumit

Question 28

Today, practically every state, the federal government, and county municipalities are looking into ways to move low-level drug offenders out of jail by _____.

A) legalizing marijuana
B) decriminalizing the use of heroin
C) legalizing cocaine
D) decriminalizing the use of unprescribed sedatives

Question 29

President _____ signed the Prison Rape Elimination Act in 2003.

A) Jimmy Carter
B) Barack Obama
C) Bill Clinton
D) George Bush

Question 30

_____ is a process through which correctional facilities gain formal recognition and approval from the ACA.

A) Certification
B) Validation
C) Affiliation
D) Accreditation

Question 31

The housing unit design of a third-generation jail is _____.

A) triangular
B) pentangular
C) circular
D) podular

Question 32

A jail where inmates are housed in small groups, or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers who interact with the inmates is called a _____ jail.

A) first-generation
B) second-generation
C) third-generation
D) fourth-generation

Question 33

Which of the following is a similarity between jail population and prison population?

A) Both are the same in terms of total admission.
B) Both are detention facilities that house criminal offenders.
C) Both are the same in terms of average daily population.
D) Both have population turnovers almost seventeen times each year.

Question 34

A contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilities, and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to a non-governmental organization is called _____.

A) diversification
B) privatization
C) liberalization
D) globalization

Question 35

The maximum number of beds allocated to each jail facility by a state or local rating official is known as _____.

A) average rate
B) average daily population
C) total admission
D) rated capacity

Question 36

The majority of jail inmate suicides typically occur within _____ of incarceration.

A) twelve months
B) six months
C) six weeks
D) one week

Question 37

The goal of Crisis Intervention Teams is to _____.

A) help persons in mental health crisis access medical treatment
B) place mentally ill persons in jail due to illness-related disorders
C) ensure the safety and security of pregnant inmates
D) look after inmates who are 60 years old and above

Question 38

Which of the following is a similarity between a second-generation jail and a third-generation jail?

A) Both have a linear design.
B) Both have a podular design.
C) Both are designed for remote supervision.
D) Both are designed for direct supervision.

Question 39

A third-generation jail is also called a _____.

A) federal prison
B) pay-to-stay jail
C) direct-supervision jail
D) podular remote-supervision facility

Question 40

Understanding how women enter the criminal justice system in order to help jails improve their responses is a major component of the _____.

A) trauma theory
B) pathways perspective
C) relational theory and female development
D) addiction theory

Question 41

Not addressing problems relating to women in jail increases a jail's exposure to litigation and liability.

Question 42

The Fifth Amendment of the United States provides that excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Question 43

The release options that require the submission of a deed that allows the court to place a lien on a property is called a(n) _____.

Question 44

A(n) _____ is a type of release option that requires a person to pay a nonrefundable fee to a for-profit bail bonding company that enters into an agreement with the court that it would owe the court the full amount of the monetary bail if the person misses a court appearance.

Question 45

The Los Angeles County Jail is the largest psychiatric inpatient facility in the United States.

Question 46

The Baptists wanted the Walnut Street Jail to be a place where inmates reformed themselves through reflection and remorse.

Question 47

The recommendations made by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, for evidence-based practices, are strictly implemented in jails today.

Question 48

A written obligation with or without collateral security given to a court to guarantee appearance before the court is known as _____.

Question 49

A prison is a locally operated correctional facility that confines people before and after conviction.

Question 50

Few inmates remain in jail long enough to file a successful legal action regarding poor conditions in the jail.

Question 51

Drug offenders have the highest homicide victimization rate.

Question 52

Juveniles can never be detained in lockups in which adults are confined.

Question 53

A jail with multiple-occupancy cells or dormitories that line corridors arranged like spokes is called a first-generation jail.

Question 54

Inmates sentenced to jail usually have a sentence of _____ or less.

Question 55

A jail where inmates are housed in small groups, or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers who interact with the inmates is called a second-generation jail.

Question 56

Direct-supervision jails are also known as first-generation jails.

Question 57

The first jail in the United States was the Walnut Street Jail in Philadelphia.

Question 58

_____ are locally operated correctional facilities that confine people before or after conviction.

Question 59

The fundamental difference between jail and prison is the nature of their _____.

Question 60

It is believed that _____ of England ordered the first jail built in 1166.

Question 61

_____, former managing editor of American Jails, said that the best defense for a jail against female inmates' allegations of sexual harassment is to have a female officer present at all times.

Question 62

_____ has been the leading cause of death in jails every year since 2000.

Question 63

Throughout the United States and other nations worldwide, a well-known strategy to reduce the number of persons with mental illness going to jail is the adoption of _____.

Question 64

The first jail in the United States was the _____ in Philadelphia.

Question 65

A jail where the staff remains in a secure control booth, and keeps watch over inmate housing areas, called pods, is called a(n) _____.

Question 66

The transition offenders make from prison or jail to the community is called _____.

Question 67

Third-generation jails are also known as _____ jails.

Question 68

A contract process that shifts public functions, responsibilities, and capital assets, in whole or in part, from the public sector to the private sector is called _____.

Question 69

Researchers at the University of Nebraska say that the police are _____ in dealing with drug offenses.

Question 70

A jail where inmates are housed in small groups or pods, staffed 24 hours a day by specially trained officers who interact with the inmates is called a(n) _____.

Question 71

The _____ wanted the Walnut Street Jail to be a place where inmates reformed themselves through reflection and remorse.

Question 72

A jail with multiple-occupancy cells or dormitories that line corridors arranged like spokes is called a(n) _____.

Question 73

In second-generation jails, staff can observe inmates in common areas known as _____.