Deck 6: The Proteins and Amino Acids

Question 1

If needed, protein can help to maintain a steady blood glucose level and so serve the glucose needs of the brain.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What medical condition results from an excess of acid in the blood?

A) alkalinity
B) alkalosis
C) acidosis
D) acid-base imbalance

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Most people in Canada would find it next to impossible to meet their protein requirements.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

What is the name for an infection of the digestive tract that causes diarrhea, which further depletes minerals from the body?

A) dysentery
B) dehydration
C) diphtheria
D) dyspepsia

Question 5

The growth of well-fed vegetarian children falls within normal ranges as long as they consume ample energy from food.

Question 6

The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) takes which of the following factors into account?

A) the quality of food protein
B) the length of time for the protein to break down
C) how well the protein supports weight gain
D) the number of amino acids in a food

Question 7

Children who follow a vegan diet may have slightly higher protein requirements than the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommendations for the general meat-eating population.

Question 8

Under conditions of inadequate energy or carbohydrate, protein use slows down.

Question 9

Vegetarians have significantly higher rates of certain cancers than the general population.

Question 10

Which of the following amino acids is responsible for the production of the brown pigment known as melanin?

A) proline
B) cysteine
C) tyrosine
D) glutamine

Question 11

For the majority of exercisers, adding excess protein or amino acid supplements to an adequate diet will stimulate muscle building.

Question 12

Under special circumstances, a nonessential amino acid can become essential.

Question 13

Amino acid supplements are easy to digest and can relieve the digestive system from overworking.

Question 14

In North America, which of the following groups has a high rate of protein-energy malnutrition?

A) school children
B) AIDS patients
C) bulimia nervosa sufferers
D) adults with kidney disease

Question 15

What part of the body absorbs single amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides?

A) colon
B) gallbladder
C) stomach
D) small intestine

Question 16

Some foods are so high in acid that they are capable of making the acid in the stomach even stronger.

Question 17

When a person ingests a large dose of any single amino acid, absorption of others of its type may be limited.

Question 18

Sound nutrition authorities acknowledge that well-chosen vegetarian diets are consistent with good health and can meet nutrient needs.

Question 19

Starvation always incurs wasting of lean body tissue as well as loss of fat.

Question 20

Protein-energy malnutrition is the world's most widespread form of malnutrition.

Question 21

What is the name for the bond that is formed between the amine group end of one amino acid and the acid group end of the next amino acid in a protein?

A) sulphate
B) denatured
C) acidic
D) peptide

Question 22

What is the recommended Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 193 cm tall and weighs 180 pounds?

A) 34 grams
B) 49 grams
C) 65 grams
D) 144 grams

Question 23

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. Which of the following will an individual develop should any part of this system begin to fail?

A) dehydration
B) edema
C) diabetes
D) acidosis

Question 24

Why is milk used as a first-aid remedy for someone who has swallowed a heavy-metal poison?

A) The metal taste of the poison is removed by consuming milk.
B) Milk will cause the person to vomit and expel the poison.
C) Calcium in milk will render the poison harmless.
D) The poison acts on the protein in the milk rather than on the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 25

Which of the following components is a protein catalyst that acts on other substances to change them chemically?

A) enzyme
B) collagen
C) antibody
D) hormone

Question 26

Which of the following vitamins assists with the absorption of iron from plant-based foods?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin E
D) niacin

Question 27

When amino acids are broken down for energy, they are then incorporated by the liver into which of the following substances?

A) bile
B) chyme
C) glucose
D) urea

Question 28

Your friend avoids acidic foods like tomatoes and orange juice because she believes they give her an acid stomach. What information would you give her in response to that belief?

A) Highly acidic foods do increase the acidity of the stomach.
B) She needs to see her doctor about producing more mucus to line her stomach.
C) The stomach is supposed to be alkaline to do its job.
D) No food is acidic enough to make the stomach acid stronger.

Question 29

For which of the following vitamins is the amino acid tryptophan the starting material?

A) niacin
B) thiamin
C) folate
D) vitamin C

Question 30

Which of the following situations is an example of wasting amino acids?

A) overconsuming protein in the diet
B) including adequate amount of fat in the diet
C) consuming essential amino acids in the diet
D) eating enough carbohydrate in the diet

Question 31

What type of vegetarian diet can result in malnutrition and even death?

A) macrobiotic diet
B) fruitarian diet
C) partial vegetarian diet
D) vegan diet

Question 32

Which of the following food items can be made into a source of textured vegetable protein?

A) legumes
B) mushrooms
C) soybeans
D) red peppers

Question 33

Based on the body's priority system, what protein tissues are dismantled first?

A) blood
B) heart
C) kidney
D) liver

Question 34

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for protein depends on which of the following factors?

A) gender
B) body weight
C) food source
D) height

Question 35

According to the Vegetarian Food Guide Rainbow, which of the following constitutes one serving of cooked beans, peas, or lentils?

A) 1/2 cup (125 mL)
B) 1 cup (250 mL)
C) 1 1/2 cups (375 mL)
D) 2 cups (500 mL)

Question 36

In determining its recommendation for daily protein intake needs, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee made use of studies related to what topic?

A) mutual supplementation
B) glycemic index
C) food insecurity
D) nitrogen balance

Question 37

Which of the following amino acids is considered indispensable/essential?

A) glutamine
B) valine
C) cysteine
D) alanine

Question 38

Plant-based diets are often lower in which of the following fat sources?

A) polyunsaturated fats
B) hydrogenated fats
C) monounsaturated fats
D) saturated fats

Question 39

Which of the following substances protects the stomach lining from the very strong acid of the stomach?

A) saliva
B) enzymes
C) mucus
D) antibodies

Question 40

What type of protein does the body's immune system need to manufacture in order to fight influenza and develop immunity?

A) antibodies
B) antigens
C) hemoglobin
D) lipoproteins

Question 41

What is the name for the chronic Calorie-deficiency disease that takes the form of extreme loss of muscle and fat?

A) kwashiorkor
B) marasmus
C) dysentery
D) protein-Calorie malnutrition

Question 42

What is the name for the large globular protein molecule packed inside the red blood cells that carries oxygen?

A) homocysteine
B) oxydologen
C) transferrin
D) hemoglobin

Question 43

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee, minimum protein intake should be what percentage of total Calories?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 15%
D) 20%

Question 44

What does the term protein turnover mean?

A) maintaining electrolyte balance
B) building antibodies
C) ingesting protein-rich foods
D) replacing worn-out cells

Question 45

Which of the following cooking methods would you use to maximize the digestibility of protein?

A) grilling
B) frying
C) boiling
D) baking

Question 46

Which of the following conditions can cause denaturation of proteins?

A) size of the protein chain
B) cold temperatures
C) sunlight
D) heat exposure

Question 47

Your friend is a vegetarian who consumes large quantities of soy products in the place of meat. Your friend is at risk of developing a deficiency of what nutrient?

A) folate
B) vitamin C
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 48

If you consume more animal protein, of which of the following nutrients is your intake likely to be higher?

A) saturated fat
B) water-soluble vitamins
C) nonessential amino acids
D) complex carbohydrate

Question 49

Which of the following vitamins is provided by meat but is insufficient in plant-based diets?

A) vitamin B₁₂
B) vitamin A
C) riboflavin
D) vitamin D

Question 50

From which of the following essential amino acids does the body make tyrosine?

A) lysine
B) phenylalanine
C) leucine
D) threonine

Question 51

Purified sources of protein cause what nutrient to be spilled from the urine?

A) calcium
B) sodium
C) phosphorus
D) magnesium

Question 52

According to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) committee, a healthy adult's intake for protein should be how many grams for each kilogram of body weight?

A) 0.5 grams per kilogram
B) 0.8 grams per kilogram
C) 1.0 grams per kilogram
D) 1.5 grams per kilogram

Question 53

Which of the following symptoms is representative of kwashiorkor disease?

A) enlarged, fatty liver
B) normal or impaired appetite
C) severe weight loss
D) impaired protein absorption

Question 54

Which of the following foods has the highest protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)?

A) soybean protein
B) pea flour
C) kidney beans
D) tuna

Question 55

Which of the following food items contains limited protein content?

A) kidney beans
B) yogurt
C) banana
D) peanuts

Question 56

How many amino acids are considered to be indispensable/essential?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 13

Question 57

What is the term used to describe an individual who excludes animal flesh, seafood, and eggs, but who consumes dairy products, vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, and nuts?

A) vegan
B) lacto-vegetarian
C) fruitarian
D) ovo-vegetarian

Question 58

The DRI committee recommends that iron intake for vegetarians be adjusted upward by what amount in comparison to the general population?

A) 1.2
B) 1.4
C) 1.6
D) 1.8

Question 59

Which of the following electrolytes is concentrated inside the body's cells?

A) magnesium
B) potassium
C) sodium
D) chloride

Question 60

Which of the following health conditions is a hereditary amino acid disorder?

A) sickle cell disease
B) hemophilia
C) kwashiorkor
D) diabetes

Question 61

Which of the following groups of people is susceptible to losing more nitrogen than they are taking in?

A) lactating women
B) surgery patients
C) growing children
D) pregnant women

Question 62

What was the major protein source most available to Canadians in 2009?

A) eggs
B) poultry
C) all dairy
D) red meat

Question 63

Which of the following symptoms would a child with marasmus exhibit?

A) dry, thin, and wrinkled skin
B) edema
C) skin lesions
D) slight weight loss

Question 64

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey 2.2, adults obtain approximately what percentage of the total Calories in their diet from protein?

A) 13%
B) 15%
C) 17%
D) 19%

Question 65

Which body protein helps to form bones and teeth?

A) insulin
B) collagen
C) enzymes
D) hemoglobin

Question 66

Carbohydrate, fat, and protein all offer energy, but protein also offers which of the following elements?

A) oxygen
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) carbon

Question 67

Which of the following vitamins is typically lacking in a poorly planned vegetarian diet?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin K
C) vitamin C
D) vitamin D

Question 68

Which of the following individuals would be most at risk of harm from taking self-prescribed amino acid supplements?

A) all smokers
B) a middle-aged man
C) a woman that has just entered menopause
D) a male university student

Question 69

What factor determines the sequences of amino acids that make up a protein molecule?

A) gender
B) body size
C) age
D) heredity

Question 70

What does the body do with an oversupply of amino acids?

A) converts them to glycogen or fat
B) removes them and excretes their acid groups
C) makes excess nitrogen
D) stores them until they are needed

Question 71

How much protein per meal is needed to stimulate protein synthesis?

A) 5-15 grams
B) 10-20 grams
C) 15-20 grams
D) 20-30 grams

Question 72

What is the most accurate term used to describe an individual who excludes poultry meat from the diet?

A) a pollo-vegetarian
B) an ovo-vegetarian
C) a lacto-vegetarian
D) a pesco-vegetarian

Question 73

Which of the following behaviours can help athletes achieve bigger muscles?

A) exercising rigorously
B) consuming amino acid supplements
C) ingesting creatine
D) eating excess protein from food

Question 74

Which of the following food categories provides the amino acids that are most easily absorbed by the body?

A) legumes
B) animal proteins
C) vegetables
D) grains

Question 75

Which of the following food items provides all of the essential amino acids?

A) brown rice
B) natural peanut butter
C) poached egg
D) wheat bran

Question 76

Which of the following meals is an example of complementary protein combinations?

A) oatmeal with brown sugar
B) rice and black-eyed peas
C) roast chicken and ribs
D) cheese omelet

Question 77

What is the name given to the compounds that maintain acid-base balance in the blood?

A) hormones
B) buffers
C) electrolytes
D) enzymes

Question 78

Which of the following components accounts for the differences between amino acids?

A) the side chain
B) the nitrogen chain
C) the acid group
D) the amine group

Question 79

Why might vegetarians be expected to have lower blood pressure than nonvegetarians?

Question 80

Which food item is considered a source of vitamin B₁₂ but may also contribute to toxic levels of iodine in the body?

A) tofu
B) mushrooms
C) seaweed
D) bean sprouts