Deck 13: Life Cycle Nutrition: Mother and Infant

Question 1

Vitamin B₁₂ fortification has lowered the number of neural tube defects that occur each year.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Which of the following items might a pregnant woman crave if she is deficient in iron, zinc, or other nutrients?

A) spinach
B) ice
C) pickles
D) beer

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) recommendation for calcium intake is the same for both non-pregnant and pregnant women in the same age group.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The two weeks following fertilization are considered to be a critical period developmentally for the zygote.

Question 5

Which of the following nutrients is associated with a reduced risk of neural tube defects?

A) zinc
B) vitamin B₁₂
C) vitamin B₆
D) folate

Question 6

All pregnant women should be assessed for gestational diabetes risk within 16 weeks' gestation.

Question 7

Children with the highest carbohydrate intakes, with the exception of added sugars, are leaner than other children.

Question 8

A low-birthweight baby is defined as one who weighs less than 5.5 kilograms.

Question 9

Physical activity during pregnancy can improve fitness, facilitate labour, and reduce psychological stress.

Question 10

For normal-weight women, the ideal pattern of weight gain after the first trimester is 1.5 kilograms per week.

Question 11

Which of the following maternal factors is crucial in determining whether a mother is able to grow a healthy placenta?

A) prepregnancy weight
B) age during pregnancy
C) prepregnancy nutrition
D) use of vitamin supplements

Question 12

Which of the following messages would be most effective at reducing the likelihood of a child starting or quitting smoking?

A) "You will experience shortness of breath when playing sports."
B) "Your risk for lung cancer will increase as you age."
C) "Half of you will die from smoking-related causes."
D) "You will eventually need medication to help manage heart disease."

Question 13

A sudden, large weight gain during pregnancy is a danger signal.

Question 14

Health Canada and the Canadian Paediatric Society state that: "The prudent choice for women who are or may become pregnant is to abstain from alcohol consumption."

Question 15

Children today are heavier than children of the same age were 30 or so years ago.

Question 16

During pregnancy, the recommended carbohydrate intake is between 135 and 175 grams per day.

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics describes the nutrient content of breast milk?

A) it has poor lactoferrin content
B) its protein is largely alpha-lactalbumin
C) it has poor vitamin C content
D) its carbohydrate is primarily glucose

Question 18

Men who drink too much alcohol in the weeks before conception can sustain damage to their sperm's genetic material.

Question 19

A low-birthweight baby is nearly 40 times more likely to die in the first year of life than a normal-weight baby.

Question 20

The weight that pregnant women put on is nearly all fatty tissue.

Question 21

A high-birthweight infant may result from which of the following situations that occurred during pregnancy?

A) overnutrition
B) chronic anemia
C) food poisoning
D) alcohol consumption

Question 22

Which one of the following food items should be introduced first when starting to feed a baby solid food?

A) iron-fortified rice cereal
B) egg white
C) citrus fruit juice
D) pureed vegetables

Question 23

Supplements of what nutrient will be required by both breastfed and formula-fed infants after six months of age if their water supply is severely deficient in it?

A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) zinc
D) fluoride

Question 24

Approximately how many kilograms in total weight gain during the first three months of pregnancy is thought to be ideal?

A) 1.0 kilograms
B) 1.5 kilograms
C) 2.0 kilograms
D) 2.5 kilograms

Question 25

If growth and development are normal for a baby born weighing 4 kilograms, how much will the baby weigh at one year of age?

A) 6 kilograms
B) 8 kilograms
C) 10 kilograms
D) 12 kilograms

Question 26

Pregnant women who smoke tend to have lower intakes of which of the following nutrients?

A) fat
B) calcium
C) folate
D) protein

Question 27

What is the main factor, during pregnancy, that is responsible for low birthweight babies?

A) alcohol consumption
B) poor nutrition
C) drug use
D) smoking

Question 28

Which of the following conditions is one of the key elements to help identify women with preeclampsia?

A) hypotension
B) edema
C) sugar in the urine
D) convulsions

Question 29

Which of the infant's organs is most likely to be affected by malnutrition late in pregnancy?

A) brain
B) lungs
C) heart
D) stomach

Question 30

Which of the following physical activities is considered safe for pregnant women?

A) rowing
B) baseball
C) hockey
D) scuba diving

Question 31

Which of the following risks is associated with teenage pregnancy?

A) high-birthweight infant
B) high incidence of gestational diabetes
C) high likelihood of breastfeeding
D) high rate of infant mortality

Question 32

Which of the following nutrients do all pregnant women need in generous amounts to conserve their protein and to provide energy?

A) fats
B) carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) vitamins

Question 33

How many additional Calories per day does a pregnant woman require during the second trimester?

A) 250 more in the second trimester
B) 340 more in the second trimester
C) 450 more in the second trimester
D) 500 more in the second trimester

Question 34

In addition to the heart, which of the baby's organs is affected by early malnutrition in the mother?

A) kidneys
B) brain
C) stomach
D) lungs

Question 35

Which of the following foods contains vitamin B₁₂?

A) eggs
B) spinach
C) legumes
D) whole-grain bread

Question 36

Which of the following issues may arise as a consequence of maternal nutritional deprivation during lactation?

A) inability to breastfeed
B) reduced quantity of breast milk
C) poor quality of breast milk
D) maternal dehydration

Question 37

How can a pregnant woman alleviate the nausea of pregnancy?

A) eliminate foods with offensive odours
B) drink citrus juices
C) eat toast with jam
D) consume only 3 meals a day

Question 38

Which of the following food items is of minimal choking risk for young children?

A) marshmallows
B) popcorn
C) eggs
D) nuts

Question 39

Which of the following factors predicts excessive weight gain during childhood and more than doubles the chance that a young child will become an obese adult?

A) parental obesity
B) dietary intake
C) cultural background
D) physical inactivity

Question 40

At what stage is the fetus's heart and brain well developed?

A) at 8 weeks
B) at 12 weeks
C) at 14 weeks
D) at 16 weeks

Question 41

A pregnant woman weighs 132 pounds and is at an appropriate weight for her height. How much should she ideally weigh at the end of her pregnancy?

A) 142-152 pounds
B) 147-154 pounds
C) 157-167 pounds
D) 169-176 pounds

Question 42

Why does "morning" sickness arise during pregnancy?

A) to ensure the mother avoids overeating
B) as a result of the hormone changes of pregnancy
C) as a response to decreased iron status
D) to signal possible irregular fetal development

Question 43

Which of the following dietary approaches is appropriate for children who are found to have high blood lipids?

A) limit food portion sizes and fluid intake
B) consume a diet with 20-30% energy from fat
C) reduce sodium and grain consumption
D) restrict saturated and trans fat consumption

Question 44

Which of the following foods is a rich source of natural folate?

A) waffles
B) cooked rice
C) white bread
D) orange juice

Question 45

Which of the following nutrients requires the greatest attention for the infant at six months of age?

A) vitamin K
B) folate
C) iron
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 46

What is the reason for a pregnant woman's increased need for omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?

A) fetal blood cell development
B) fetal lung development
C) fetal kidney development
D) fetal brain development

Question 47

A pregnant vegetarian who does not consume meat, fish, poultry, or animal products, such as dairy foods or eggs, is at risk for developing a deficiency of which of the following nutrients?

A) vitamin C
B) magnesium
C) folate
D) vitamin B₁₂

Question 48

According to one estimate, in overweight children the risk of obesity increases by what percentage with each sugary drink consumed daily?

A) 25%
B) 30%
C) 45%
D) 60%

Question 49

Why is promotion of formula feeding over breastfeeding often fatal in developing nations?

A) clean water may not be available to prepare formula
B) mothers are unable to determine how to feed baby on demand
C) the additives in formulas create major health complications in the infant
D) breastmilk of the malnourished mother is insufficient to support growth of the newborn

Question 50

When can cow's milk safely be introduced into the infant's diet?

A) prior to four months of age
B) any time after six months of age
C) at nine months of age
D) after twelve months of age

Question 51

What is the term used to describe the pre-milk substance formed during the first two or three days of lactation?

A) foremilk
B) hindmilk
C) colostrum
D) final milk

Question 52

Which strategy is recommended to encourage eating habits that will support normal weight gain as a child grows?

A) ensuring a child consumes every food item on their plate
B) providing low-fat milk when a child cries for thirst
C) giving non-food rewards for special moments that occur
D) giving a tasty treat when a child needs comfort from unhappiness

Question 53

What physical activity offers advantages over other activities during pregnancy?

A) rowing
B) swimming
C) baseball
D) jogging

Question 54

A non-pregnant woman requires 46 grams of protein per day. How many grams would she need if she became pregnant?

A) 71 grams
B) 94 grams
C) 156 grams
D) 215 grams

Question 55

What is the name for the stage of human gestation from eight weeks after conception until the birth of the infant?

A) embryo
B) zygote
C) fetus
D) ovum

Question 56

How many Calories per kilogram of body weight per day are required by infants?

A) 50 Calories
B) 75 Calories
C) 100 Calories
D) 125 Calories

Question 57

Which of the following foods is safe and appropriate to offer a six-month-old infant?

A) pureed meat
B) whole milk
C) fruit yogurt
D) whole cooked egg

Question 58

Approximately how many millilitres of milk a day does a nursing mother produce?

A) 300 millilitres
B) 450 millilitres
C) 600 millilitres
D) 750 millilitres

Question 59

What is the name for the serious foodborne infection that can cause severe brain infection or death in a fetus or a newborn?

A) hepatitis A
B) shigella
C) salmonella
D) listeriosis

Question 60

Which of the following considerations should govern the addition of solid foods to a baby's diet?

A) the quality of milk produced by the mother
B) how often the baby cries for food
C) the baby's physical readiness
D) the baby's age

Question 61

Which of the following behaviours should be avoided during pregnancy?

A) exercising
B) dieting
C) eating fish
D) drinking caffeine

Question 62

Which of the following minerals is in great demand during pregnancy because it is involved in building bones and teeth?

A) iron
B) phosphorus
C) folate
D) zinc

Question 63

A pregnant woman should strive to meet her Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for which of the following minerals by increasing her intakes of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other foods rich in this mineral?

A) iodine
B) calcium
C) sodium
D) potassium

Question 64

According to current science, which of the following approaches would best address childhood hypertension?

A) removing salt from the diet
B) limiting intake of caffeine containing foods
C) prescribing anti-hypertension medications
D) encouraging higher fibre grains

Question 65

Approximately how many Calories a day should a mom consume during lactation, if she consumed 1,500 Calories daily before she became pregnant?

A) 1,830 Calories
B) 1,950 Calories
C) 2,125 Calories
D) 2,250 Calories

Question 66

Which of the following factors represents a risk for developing gestational diabetes?

A) alcohol consumption
B) European descent
C) smoking
D) obesity

Question 67

What is the name given to the point in time when the zygote becomes embedded in the uterine wall?

A) gestation
B) conception
C) critical period
D) implantation

Question 68

What nutrient is provided in a greater supply in human milk over infant formulas?

A) vitamin A
B) protein
C) niacin
D) iron

Question 69

Which over-the-counter medicinal drug carries an additional warning regarding its usage during pregnancy?

A) laxatives
B) Aspirin
C) antacids
D) sinus medication

Question 70

Approximately what percentage of all adult smokers began smoking before the age of 18?

A) 60%
B) 75%
C) 75%
D) 80%

Question 71

Which of the following recommendations would you suggest to prevent heartburn during pregnancy?

A) use over-the-counter heartburn medication
B) eat less frequently
C) avoid greasy foods
D) lie down after eating

Question 72

Which of the following conditions in adults is associated with low birthweight?

A) elevated LDL cholesterol
B) increased blood pressure
C) lower adult IQ
D) reduced fertility rates

Question 73

Which of the following methods should be used to relieve constipation during pregnancy?

A) limit exercise
B) consume a high-fat diet
C) drink lots of water
D) take laxatives

Question 74

Health Canada recommends that all breastfed infants receive which of the following nutrients in supplemental form?

A) thiamin
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin A

Question 75

Which of the following nutrients is one of the most important dietary needs for infants?

A) fat
B) water
C) riboflavin
D) calcium

Question 76

A non-pregnant woman requires 1,600 Calories per day to maintain her desirable body weight. How many Calories would she need if she were in the third trimester of pregnancy?

A) 1,900 Calories
B) 1,940 Calories
C) 2,050 Calories
D) 2,125 Calories

Question 77

Overweight children with what condition are most likely to have parents who will develop heart disease early?

A) high blood pressure
B) high sodium levels
C) high blood cholesterol
D) high blood sugar

Question 78

A child with fetal alcohol syndrome may display which of the following characteristics?

A) drooping eyelids
B) widened forehead
C) overdeveloped jaw
D) enlarged head

Question 79

Most babies are born with enough of what nutrient in their livers to last about half a year?

A) fluoride
B) vitamin D
C) iron
D) calcium

Question 80

Which of the following nutrients is given to an infant at birth in order to prevent bleeding?

A) vitamin C
B) iron
C) folate
D) vitamin K