Deck 11: Diet and Health

Question 1

High sugar intake is considered a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Degenerative diseases are the only type of diseases that afflict people in developed countries.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following factors is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome?

A) low fasting blood glucose
B) low blood (HDL) cholesterol
C) low body mass index (BMI)
D) low blood pressure

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following dietary components helps improve blood lipids?

A) insoluble fibre
B) simple carbohydrate
C) omega-3 fatty acids
D) coconut oil

Question 5

What type of cancer has been associated with a diet high in salt, salted, and salty foods?

A) stomach
B) bladder
C) lung
D) breast

Question 6

Components in foods may be cancer-causing, cancer-promoting, or protective against cancer.

Question 7

Which of the following foods is a source of heart-healthy essential fatty acids?

A) shelled peanuts
B) stick margarine
C) whole milk
D) regular ground beef

Question 8

Walking 8,000 steps a day will meet the daily activity level that defines an active person.

Question 9

Which of the following lipid values indicates a potential concern for developing atherosclerosis and heart disease?

A) Fasting Triglycerides = 2.3 mmol/L
B) LDL cholesterol = 3.2 mmol/L
C) HDL cholesterol = 1.4 mmol/L
D) Total cholesterol = 5.1 mmol/L

Question 10

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a man's disease.

Question 11

Thirty minutes of light, balanced exercise, performed at intervals throughout the day, can improve the odds against heart disease.

Question 12

Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a stroke?

A) cold sweat
B) vomiting
C) shoulder pain
D) facial numbness

Question 13

Which of the following herbs is in the "hazard undefined" category for herbal medicines?

A) lobelia
B) feverfew
C) hemlock
D) belladonna

Question 14

Degenerative diseases are often referred to as chronic diseases.

Question 15

The risk of cancer rises with body mass index (BMI).

Question 16

What heart health benefits have been reported with moderate alcohol consumption for middle-aged and older adults?

A) reduced blood pressure
B) decreased LDL cholesterol
C) increased HDL cholesterol
D) elevated triglycerides

Question 17

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defences considerably.

Question 18

No additive scientifically shown to cause cancer is approved for use in Canada.

Question 19

Most people have well-developed arterial plaques by the time they reach age 20.

Question 20

Alcohol intake is associated with higher rates of which of the following cancers?

A) cancer of the mouth
B) stomach cancer
C) cancer of the prostate
D) lung cancer

Question 21

Elevated levels of which of the following blood lipids are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
B) triglycerides (TG)
C) total cholesterol (Total-C)
D) low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

Question 22

Which of the following terms is used to describe the spreading of cancer cells via the blood and lymph?

A) free-radical production
B) initiation
C) metastasis
D) carcinogenesis

Question 23

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at what age?

A) 30
B) 35
C) 40
D) 45

Question 24

Which of the following descriptions characterizes infectious diseases?

A) occur as a result of lifestyle choices
B) caused by a genetic predisposition
C) considered a disease of old age
D) transmitted through air, water, or food

Question 25

What percentage of young adult women are consuming the recommended amounts of fruit and vegetables daily?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 26

Using diet as preventive medicine, which of the following food items is the best healthier fat option?

A) stick margarine
B) mixed nuts
C) whole milk
D) regular ground beef

Question 27

What carries cholesterol away from the cells to the liver for other uses or for disposal?

A) low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
B) high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
C) C-reactive proteins
D) triglycerides

Question 28

Which of the following nutrients may have a protective effect against colon cancer?

A) folate
B) magnesium
C) potassium
D) calcium

Question 29

Metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing which of the following conditions?

A) cancer
B) osteoporosis
C) cardiovascular disease
D) hypertension

Question 30

Which of the following food sources provides soluble fibre that helps to improve blood cholesterol?

A) oatmeal
B) skim milk
C) orange juice
D) cream of wheat

Question 31

With regard to heart disease, which of the following statements is a particular concern for women?

A) women with heart disease have fewer complications than men
B) women get heart disease as frequently as men
C) women experience more noticeable symptoms of cardiovascular disease than men
D) women die of cardiovascular disease more than men

Question 32

What is the ideal resting blood pressure?

A) 100 over 75 or lower
B) 110 over 70 or lower
C) 120 over 90 or lower
D) 140 over 80 or lower

Question 33

Which of the following nutrients plays a special role with respect to colon cancer?

A) vitamin E
B) vitamin C
C) folate
D) beta-carotene

Question 34

What percentage of Canadian adults are affected by chronic high blood pressure?

A) 10%
B) 16%
C) 22%
D) 27%

Question 35

Which of the following nutrient toxicities is known to impair immunity?

A) vitamin D
B) iron
C) folate
D) copper

Question 36

Blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low when fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance and dietary fat consists mostly of which of the following kinds of fats?

A) trans fats
B) omega-6 fats
C) saturated fats
D) unsaturated fats

Question 37

Which of the following is a characteristic of an atherogenic diet?

A) high in omega-3 fatty acids
B) high in polyunsaturated fats
C) high in trans fats
D) high in monounsaturated fats

Question 38

What do levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) tell us about a person's health?

A) HDLs are associated with being underweight
B) HDLs are highly predictive of cancer
C) HDLs are contributing factors for osteoporosis
D) HDLs are predictive of heart disease

Question 39

Saturated fat should remain below what percentage of calories in the diets of healthy people living in Canada and the United States?

A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%

Question 40

Replacing saturated fat in the diet with simple sugars may cause which of the following risks for CVD?

A) increased HDL cholesterol
B) increased triglycerides
C) increased blood pressure
D) increased homocysteine

Question 41

How do sterols and stanol esters reportedly work to improve heart health?

A) they block absorption of cholesterol from the intestine
B) they decrease artery pressure caused by blood flow
C) they halt weight gain by blocking fat absorption in the body
D) they reduce the body's absorption of some phytochemicals

Question 42

What is the most important factor in maintaining the best possible immune system support?

A) herbal remedies
B) phytochemicals
C) nutrient supplements
D) adequate nutrition

Question 43

What is one of the best actions you can take to reduce your risk of cancer?

A) limit foods that are baked and poached
B) consume a fat-restricted diet
C) eat a variety of vegetables and fruits daily
D) take vitamin and mineral supplements

Question 44

According to Health Canada, what is the upper limit for the percentage of calories from total fat in the diet each day?

A) 20%
B) 25%
C) 30%
D) 35%

Question 45

Trans fatty acids are classified with which of the following types of fats for the purposes of dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) unsaturated fats
B) saturated fats
C) monounsaturated fats
D) polyunsaturated fats

Question 46

What is the name for a blood clot that dislodges and travels throughout the blood vessels?

A) aneurysm
B) thrombus
C) plaque
D) embolus

Question 47

Which of the following terms is defined by Health Canada as "similar in appearance to, or may be, a conventional food that is consumed as part of a usual diet and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions"?

A) heart-healthy foods
B) functional foods
C) neutraceutical foods
D) anti-carcinogenic foods

Question 48

Abdominal fatness has been associated with which of the following cancers?

A) lung
B) liver
C) pancreatic
D) stomach

Question 49

What is the name for a stationary blood clot that blocks a blood vessel?

A) aneurism
B) embolism
C) thrombus
D) atherosclerosis

Question 50

Heart-healthy diets are low in which of the following nutrients?

A) calcium
B) carbohydrate
C) protein
D) saturated fat

Question 51

Which of the following herbs is in the "could be hazardous" category for herbal medicines?

A) echinacea
B) pennyroyal
C) sassafras
D) valerian

Question 52

Which of the following food components is considered a functional food?

A) benzene
B) omega-6 fatty acids
C) pyridoxine
D) lycopene

Question 53

Which of the following immune system changes results from protein-energy malnutrition?

A) increased antibody secretion
B) reduced number of immune cells
C) thicker skin, with more connective tissue
D) increased size of immune system organs

Question 54

What percentage of cancers are influenced by diet?

A) 5-7%
B) 8-15%
C) 20-50%
D) 30-60%

Question 55

What is the reason for the formation of plaque that accumulates in artery walls?

A) an autoimmune response to an infection
B) an inflammatory response to tissue damage
C) a metabolic response to low fibre intake
D) a biological response to elevated sodium intake

Question 56

People with which of the following diseases may be more susceptible to potential heart damage?

A) diabetes
B) osteoporosis
C) cancer
D) AIDS

Question 57

What is the name for the condition where an individual may suffer from a blood clot that lodges itself in an artery in the brain, killing a portion of brain tissue?

A) a myocardial infarction
B) an embolism
C) a stroke
D) a cerebral vascular accident

Question 58

What does DASH stand for?

A) Diet Achieves Superior Hypertension
B) Dietary Assistance Subdues Hypertension
C) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
D) Decreased Alcohol Stops Hypertension

Question 59

What is the name for the deadly cluster of cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions that includes insulin resistance, high triglycerides, and central obesity?

A) Raynaud's syndrome
B) metabolism syndrome
C) metabolic syndrome
D) Marfan syndrome

Question 60

What is the name for the scavenger white blood cells that engulf and remove debris from the body?

A) neutrophils
B) basophages
C) macrophages
D) eosinophils

Question 61

Explain what is meant by the term "salt sensitive" and describe the characteristics of people most prone to this condition.

Question 62

How would you decide whether certain diet recommendations are especially important to decrease your risk of degenerative diseases?

Question 63

Explain how atherosclerosis and hypertension can aggravate one another.

Question 64

Food safety is of paramount concern for individuals living with which of the following conditions?

A) AIDS
B) anemia
C) hypertension
D) osteoporosis

Question 65

Which of the following foods limits clot formation of blood platelets?

A) fatty fish, such as salmon
B) oils, such as palm kernel oil
C) citrus fruits, such as grapefruit
D) whole grains, such as whole-wheat bread

Question 66

What is the name for the by-product that potatoes and other carbohydrate-rich foods develop during high-temperature cooking?

A) acetaldehyde
B) acrylamide
C) acetyl alcohol
D) acetone

Question 67

High blood pressure becomes especially life threatening when paired with what other condition in the body?

A) atherosclerosis
B) osteoporosis
C) cancer
D) arthritis

Question 68

Which of the following factors is a risk for the development of hypertension?

A) underweight
B) inherited genes
C) moderate exercise
D) gender

Question 69

Which of the following individuals is at highest risk for developing hypertension?

A) a 45-year-old man of European descent who is a vegetarian
B) a 30-year-old woman of Asian descent who is physically inactive
C) a 40-year-old Black Canadian man whose parents had hypertension
D) a 25-year-old university student who is slightly overweight

Question 70

Which of the following approaches would assist a 54-year-old overweight man to significantly reduce his blood pressure?

A) limit his intake of potassium
B) avoid consuming caffeine
C) reduce his body weight
D) decrease his unsaturated fat intake

Question 71

Describe what is meant by the term "metabolic syndrome."

Question 72

To help prevent hypertension, people should limit their daily sodium intake to how many milligrams?

A) 2,000 milligrams
B) 2,200 milligrams
C) 2,300 milligrams
D) 2,600 milligrams

Question 73

Which of the following factors is strongly associated with higher rates of cancers of the throat?

A) excessive alcohol intake
B) high body fatness
C) elevated dietary calcium intake
D) high intake of salty foods

Question 74

Describe characteristics of diets that are thought to be protective against cancer.

Question 75

Individuals with hypertension should consume foods rich in which of the following nutrients?

A) chloride
B) potassium
C) folate
D) selenium

Question 76

Which of the following lifestyle choices is among the most powerful risk factors associated with heart disease?

A) increasing age
B) presence of obesity
C) cigarette smoking
D) alcohol consumption

Question 77

Which of the following steps should you take to control your risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

A) consume red meat at least twice a week
B) eat plenty of foods containing viscous fibre
C) take a daily folic acid supplement
D) use margarine in the place of olive oil

Question 78

Which of the following foods is a cruciferous vegetable?

A) green onions
B) carrots
C) spinach
D) turnips

Question 79

According to epidemiological studies, which of the following is correlated with low cancer rates?

A) high fat intake
B) low unsaturated fat intake
C) low whole grain intake
D) high vegetable intake

Question 80

According to the World Health Organization and Health Canada, people should limit their daily cholesterol intake to what amount?

A) 75 milligrams
B) 150 milligrams
C) 250 milligrams
D) 300 milligrams