Deck 14: Therapies

Question 1

A major technique of psychoanalysis is

A) free association.
B) psychodrama.
C) hypnosis.
D) symptom substitution.

Answer 1

free association.

Question 2

Psychoanalysis seeks to replace repression with

A) insight.
B) rational thinking.
C) resistance.
D) unconditional acceptance.

Answer 2

insight.

Question 3

Typically, psychotherapy is conducted with

A) relaxation techniques.
B) drug treatment.
C) discussion.
D) hypnotic methods.

Answer 3

discussion.

Question 4

When Klaus visits his psychoanalyst, he relaxes on a couch and talks about anything that comes to mind, whether it seems to make sense or not. This is an example of

A) resistance.
B) free association.
C) transference.
D) empathy.

Question 5

Because psychoanalysis focuses on helping patients become aware of their unconscious motives and conflicts, it is considered

A) an intuitive therapy.
B) a patient-centred therapy.
C) an introspective therapy.
D) an insight therapy.

Question 6

The basic techniques of psychoanalysis include all of the following, except

A) analysis of transference.
B) analysis of cognition.
C) dream analysis.
D) free association.

Question 7

Which therapy presumes that the cause of the patient's problems is repressed memories, impulses, and conflicts?

A) existential therapy
B) psychoanalytic therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) person-centred therapy

Question 8

Psychoanalysis is a therapy based on the assumption that psychological disorders

A) are caused by imbalances in neurotransmitter substances.
B) occur when the patient feels that life is no longer meaningful.
C) are learned, and therapy should teach correct behaviour.
D) are the result of unresolved, unconscious conflicts.

Question 9

All insight psychotherapies share the assumption that the client's psychological well-being depends on

A) increased self-understanding.
B) a focus on the present, rather than the past.
C) an understanding of the unconscious.
D) recognizing the rewards individuals give themselves.

Question 10

For a psychoanalyst the hesitation, stumbling, and visible unrest that accompanies resistance is important because

A) it exposes the emotional importance of what is being discussed.
B) it shows that the patient is lying.
C) it reveals the basic motivation of the patient.
D) it signals that the therapy is nearly over.

Question 11

Leanne visits a therapist whose main goal is to provide his patients with insight into their repressed inner conflicts. Leanne's therapist is a

A) humanistic therapist.
B) psychoanalyst.
C) behavioural therapist.
D) cognitive therapist.

Question 12

Psychotherapy involves the use of ________ to treat emotional and behavioural disorders.

A) psychosurgery
B) psychological rather than biological methods
C) only Freud's classic psychoanalysis
D) untested theories

Question 13

In order for Lily to engage in successful free association, it is essential that she

A) keep from developing intense feelings of love or hate toward the therapist.
B) have some knowledge of dream symbolism.
C) say whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or irrelevant it seems.
D) restrict the discussion to her thoughts that seem most relevant to the problem.

Question 14

A psychotherapist who urges a client to freely express thoughts and feelings and to verbalize whatever comes to mind without editing or censoring, is using the technique of

A) free association.
B) abreaction.
C) interpretation.
D) transference.

Question 15

Woody responds to a question from his psychodynamic therapist by hesitating and then stumbling through the answer. His psychoanalyst would interpret the manner of his response as evidence of

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) resistance.
D) fixation.

Question 16

The assumption that all maladaptive behaviour results from unresolved, unconscious conflicts is part of which of the following perspectives?

A) learning
B) psychoanalytic
C) humanistic
D) cognitive

Question 17

Which of the following is a question that a psychoanalytic therapist would be likely to ask a patient?

A) "Will you keep a record of when you engage in this behaviour so we can determine the rewards that maintain it?"
B) "Don't you think that your beliefs in this matter are quite irrational?"
C) "Would you please tell me more about the events that took place in your dream?"
D) "Aren't you failing to take credit for your successes and blaming yourself for your failure?"

Question 18

What do psychoanalysts suspect is occurring when patients change the subject, become angry, or miss appointments?

A) revelation
B) working through
C) resistance
D) transference

Question 19

Today, the usual length of therapy with private therapists is

A) no different than the past, and can involve many years of sessions.
B) two to three years.
C) one to three sessions.
D) several weeks or months.

Question 20

In psychoanalysis the technique whereby a patient reveals every thought, idea, or image that comes to mind is called ________; the patient's attempt to avoid revealing certain thoughts is called ________.

A) free association; resistance
B) transference; resistance
C) revelation; transference
D) free association; transference

Question 21

Today in psychoanalysis, the therapist

A) is much more passive than in the past.
B) stresses Freud's original ideas.
C) and the patient decide on the issues to explore at the outset of treatment.
D) places emphasis on the past rather than the present.

Question 22

Jacques experiences hatred toward his psychoanalyst that is very similar to the feelings he had toward his father. This expression of hatred toward the analyst is an example of

A) transference.
B) free association.
C) repression.
D) resistance.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about traditional psychoanalysis is false?

A) It is effective in treating multiple concurrent psychological disorders.
B) It is often long and costly.
C) It is designed for use with educated, highly verbal persons.
D) It is suitable for patients interested in extensive self-exploration.

Question 24

Traditional psychoanalysis

A) is the most common form of therapy in use today.
B) is more passive and non-directive than newer forms of psychoanalysis.
C) is much briefer than modern forms of psychoanalysis.
D) is more effective than brief psychodynamic therapy.

Question 25

Humanistic approaches to therapy are similar to psychoanalytic approaches in that they emphasize

A) the role of biological drives in shaping the personality.
B) past relationships and experiences.
C) the positive aspects of human nature.
D) the importance of gaining insight into one's behaviour.

Question 26

Which of the following do psychoanalysts think are an especially good source of clues about unconscious desires and motives?

A) dreams
B) preferences in art, music, and literature
C) spontaneous gestures
D) habitually used defence mechanisms

Question 27

The client-centred therapy of Carl Rogers and the Gestalt therapy of Fritz Perls are described as

A) psychoanalytic therapies.
B) cognitive therapies.
C) humanistic therapies.
D) behaviouristic therapies.

Question 28

The climate of a person-centred therapy session needs to be

A) judgmental and directive.
B) intellectually stimulating and critical.
C) neutral and unbiased.
D) warm and accepting.

Question 29

What is meant by "non-directive therapy"?

A) The direction and focus of the therapy is determined by the client.
B) The therapy is without any focus.
C) The therapist receives as much from the encounter as the client.
D) The therapy has been unsuccessful.

Question 30

For which of the following types of people is psychoanalysis not suitable?

A) those who do not believe in the effectiveness of psychotherapy
B) those who are not severely disturbed
C) those who are interested in extensive self-exploration
D) people of average or higher intelligence

Question 31

In the course of her psychoanalysis, Helen felt increasingly attracted to her therapist, who began to remind her of her late father. She often tried to please him and make him proud of her as she had done with her father. Helen's behaviour illustrates the process of

A) unconditional acceptance.
B) transference.
C) fusion.
D) abreaction.

Question 32

If the climate of the person-centred session is correctly established, it will, according to Rogers,

A) foster the intellectual challenge necessary for critical insight and change.
B) lead to the realization of the client's natural tendency toward growth.
C) promote a positive relationship between therapist and client and thus uncover their repressed feelings.
D) create the space in which the client can challenge their own behaviours and learn how to be different.

Question 33

According to psychoanalysts, what is used in dreams to disguise the true meaning?

A) symbolism
B) selective forgetting
C) transference
D) projection

Question 34

What is the non-directive therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the therapist creates a warm, accepting climate based on the hypothesis that the client's natural tendency toward positive change may be released?

A) psychoanalytic therapy
B) person-centred therapy
C) gestalt therapy
D) existential therapy

Question 35

The new approach to psychodynamic psychotherapy contrasts with the traditional approach in that

A) alternative interpretations of dream material are allowed.
B) entirely new methods of transference are being used.
C) it is typically much briefer.
D) free association is no longer used.

Question 36

People undergoing psychoanalysis sometimes come to love or hate their therapist. Freud believed this was part of the therapeutic process, and called it

A) conflict of affect.
B) projection.
C) overcoming resistance.
D) transference.

Question 37

Which of the following theorists suggested that only three things were needed of the therapist: unconditional positive regard, genuine feelings, and empathy?

A) Albert Ellis
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Aaron Beck
D) Carl Rogers

Question 38

What would Freud say is occurring when a patient behaves toward the therapist the way he or she had behaved toward a significant person from the past?

A) object substitution
B) projection
C) transference
D) resistance

Question 39

The type of therapy developed by Carl Rogers is

A) existential therapy.
B) person-centred therapy.
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) attributional therapy.

Question 40

Ingrid is receiving psychoanalytic therapy. She hesitates and becomes visibly upset as she comes close to recognizing a repressed motive underlying her behaviour. This is an example of

A) abreaction.
B) blocking.
C) transference.
D) resistance.

Question 41

Ben has a therapist who seems caring and accepting of everything about him. The therapist is displaying the quality of

A) genuineness.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) empathy.
D) sympathy.

Question 42

Walter and Skyler are currently seeing a couples therapist. The therapist has helped them to acknowledge each other's feelings, and has helped them to accept some of their partner's less changeable personality traits. What type of therapy does this describe?

A) traditional behavioural couples therapy (TBCT)
B) family therapy
C) integrated behavioural couples therapy (IBCT)
D) cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)

Question 43

Which type of therapy emphasizes unconditional acceptance of the client, a high level of empathy, and genuine interest in the client?

A) psychoanalytic therapy
B) rational-emotive therapy
C) person-centred therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 44

What is the directive therapy that emphasizes the importance of the client fully experiencing, in the present moment, his or her thoughts, feelings, and actions?

A) psychoanalytic therapy
B) person-centred therapy
C) existential therapy
D) Gestalt therapy

Question 45

Raymond is in a group therapy session with Fritz Perls. He is talking to a vacant chair, saying all the things he wishes he could say to his father, but can never get up the courage. When he is finished talking to the vacant chair, what is the next step?

A) He returns to his original position and listens to the group comment on his performance.
B) Another person talks to the vacant chair, giving their view of Raymond's problem.
C) Perls would critique the performance and ask others to comment on what Raymond had said.
D) He sits in the vacant chair and responds as if he were his father.

Question 46

The ultimate goal for Gestalt therapy is to help clients

A) achieve a more integrated self and become more authentic and self-accepting.
B) adjust to life with the problems they have.
C) make a significant psychological breakthrough and be cured of their problems.
D) focus on the fact that most of their issues are the fault of other people, who need to know what they have done.

Question 47

Walter and Skyler are currently seeing a couples therapist. The therapist has helped them to identify some problematic behaviours and communication patterns in their relationship, and is now working with them to modify some of these problematic behaviours. What type of therapy does this describe?

A) traditional behavioural couples therapy (TCBT)
B) integrated behavioural couples therapy (IBCT)
C) cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
D) family therapy

Question 48

All of the following are goals of Gestalt therapy, except

A) helping clients become more authentic and self-accepting.
B) helping clients uncover repressed memories and impulses.
C) helping clients assume personal responsibility for their lives.
D) helping clients achieve a more integrated self.

Question 49

A basic principle of person-centred therapy is that the therapist must

A) be emotionally challenging.
B) not direct the course of therapy.
C) supply answers when the client asks.
D) determine the course of therapy.

Question 50

Chris is in counselling with a therapist who never gives him advice or directions but who often restates what Chris has said so that he can reflect on his feelings. What type of therapist is Chris seeing?

A) person-centred
B) behavioural
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 51

Empathetic understanding on the part of the therapist is emphasized most in

A) psychodynamically based therapy.
B) person-centred therapy.
C) Gestalt therapy.
D) rational-emotive therapy.

Question 52

The form of couples therapy that focuses on identification and modification of specific behaviours is known as

A) family therapy.
B) integrated behavioural couples therapy.
C) traditional behavioural couples therapy.
D) psychodrama.

Question 53

Which of the following is not a key ingredient of the form of psychotherapy advocated by Carl Rogers?

A) achieving fusion between therapist and client
B) a high level of empathy with the client
C) unconditional acceptance of the client
D) exhibiting genuine interest in, and concern for, the client

Question 54

Gestalt therapy emphasizes the importance of clients' fully experiencing

A) in the present moment, their feelings, thoughts, and actions.
B) the insights gained from transference analysis.
C) desensitization and flooding effects to ensure insights.
D) self-actualization.

Question 55

What type of therapy places the primary emphasis on helping clients get in touch with their current feelings?

A) behaviour therapy
B) rational-emotive therapy
C) Gestalt therapy
D) existential therapy

Question 56

Person-centred therapy is best described as

A) non-directive.
B) objective.
C) structured.
D) confrontational.

Question 57

The form of couples therapy that focuses on the personality traits of each partner is known as

A) family therapy.
B) traditional behavioural couples therapy.
C) integrated behavioural couples therapy.
D) group therapy.

Question 58

Raymond is in a group therapy session with Fritz Perls. He is talking to a vacant chair, saying all the things he wishes he could say to his father, but can never get up the courage. This technique is called

A) invisible person.
B) letting out the repressed.
C) centre speaking.
D) empty chair.

Question 59

Which therapy discussed in the text emphasizes the importance of clients fully experiencing, in the present moment, their feelings, thoughts, and actions, and then taking responsibility for both their feelings and their behaviour.

A) interpersonal therapy
B) group therapy
C) person-centred therapy
D) gestalt therapy

Question 60

Person-entered therapy is ________; Gestalt therapy is ________.

A) non-directive; directive
B) directive; non-directive
C) non-directive; non-directive
D) directive; directive

Question 61

Which of the following is not true of group therapy?

A) It allows people to get feedback from other members.
B) It is not conducted by trained therapists.
C) It is less expensive than individual therapy.
D) It allows individuals to receive help and support from other members.

Question 62

According to behaviour therapists, people seek therapy for two reasons, one of which is

A) they seek to fulfill their potential as human beings.
B) they never learned the appropriate behaviour in the first place.
C) they had acquired faulty thinking processes.
D) they want to understand their inner drives more completely.

Question 63

Which of the following types of groups is often not led by a trained, professional therapist?

A) self-help groups
B) psychodrama
C) family therapy
D) existential therapy

Question 64

According to the behavioural therapists, many of our distressing psychological problems result from

A) learning experiences which taught us a maladaptive behaviour.
B) faulty logic and simple needs to be reconditioned.
C) interactions with our parents, causing intra-psychic wounding.
D) genetic or biochemical processes which are not normative.

Question 65

The primary focus of behaviour therapy is on

A) repressed feelings and desires.
B) modifying maladaptive behaviours in the patient.
C) inadequate self-expression.
D) the patient's underlying personality problems.

Question 66

Behavioural therapy techniques for trying to change behaviour include all of the following, except

A) making clients more aware of unconscious conflicts.
B) reinforcing desirable behaviours.
C) removing reinforcers for undesirable behaviour.
D) modelling desirable behaviours.

Question 67

The goals for family therapy include all the following, except

A) locating the cause for the family problems in one of the members.
B) improving communication patterns.
C) helping the family reach agreement on certain changes that may help the family.
D) helping the family to heal the wounds of the family unit.

Question 68

Which of the following therapies relies heavily on principles of conditioning and observational learning?

A) Gestalt therapy
B) psychoanalytical therapy
C) behavioural therapy
D) person-centred therapy

Question 69

When an individual acts out his or her problem relationships, with other members of the group playing the significant parts, the therapy is called

A) psychodrama.
B) Gestalt therapy.
C) token economy.
D) interpersonal therapy.

Question 70

In psychodrama, for you to play the part of the person who is a problem in your life is called

A) role reversal.
B) transference.
C) the empty chair technique.
D) mirroring.

Question 71

A basic assumption underlying the various behaviour therapies is that psychological disorder is the result of

A) failure to achieve self-actualization.
B) faulty learning.
C) unresolved unconscious conflict.
D) low self-esteem.

Question 72

A behaviour therapist would be most likely to define the problem of a person who stutters as

A) cognitive dissonance.
B) the stuttering itself.
C) low self-esteem.
D) an unresolved conflict.

Question 73

Integrated behavioural couples therapy (IBCT) can help couples to

A) better understand their partner's feelings and accept their personalities as they are.
B) change aspects of their personalities that are incompatible with that of their partner.
C) learn ways to help their partner modify troublesome behaviours.
D) manage the symptoms of psychological disorders within the context of a relationship.

Question 74

Groups that claim to provide an opportunity for personal growth and self-knowledge by engaging in strong emotional interactions with other group members are called

A) encounter groups.
B) systematic desensitizations.
C) psychodramas.
D) Gestalt groups.

Question 75

Which of the following is a true statement about behaviour therapy?

A) It focuses on the origin of the problem behaviour.
B) It is a non-directive therapy.
C) It views the problem behaviour as the disorder.
D) It strives for change in the total personality structure.

Question 76

The goal of couples therapy is to

A) determine where fault lies in the relationship.
B) achieve higher levels of relationship satisfaction.
C) determine if any of the issues being experienced within the relationship can be traced to a psychological disorder.
D) manage the anxiety and negative moods produced by difficult relationships.

Question 77

Which of the following is not a goal of integrated behavioural couples therapy (IBCT)?

A) learning to change your personality in order to be more compatible with your partner
B) achieving a better understanding of your partner's emotions
C) learning to accept the less changeable aspects of your partner's personality
D) treating psychological disorders, such as sexual dysfunction, mood, anxiety or substance abuse disorders, within the context of relationship therapy.

Question 78

The main goal of behaviour therapy is to

A) change the maladaptive behaviour.
B) change the patient's underlying personality structure.
C) find the origin of the maladaptive behaviour.
D) change the environmental stimuli causing the behaviour.

Question 79

Behaviour therapists are more interested than psychodynamic therapists in

A) the underlying meaning of symptoms.
B) patterns of reward and punishment.
C) unresolved conflicts.
D) past experiences.

Question 80

Which of the following is not true concerning family therapy?

A) The family must be viewed as a unit with its own dynamics.
B) Family therapy is for each group member and the group itself.
C) Family therapy must involve all the family members in each session.
D) Family therapy can be beneficial in treating families with alcoholic parents.