Deck 28: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Question 1

Integration of body functions is controlled by ____.

A)the respiratory system only
B)the nervous system only
C)the endocrine system only
D)the lymphatic system only
E)both the nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 1

E

Question 2

What body cavity does the heart reside within?

A)cranial
B)spinal
C)thoracic
D)abdominal
E)pelvic

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Collagen fibers are characteristic of which tissue?

A)muscle
B)epithelial
C)connective
D)nervous
E)embryonic

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Embryonic stem cells have the ability to become any cell type of the body. This capacity is termed ____.

A)differentiation
B)multidirectional
C)undifferentiated
D)pluripotency
E)genetically undefined

Question 5

Four of the five answers listed below belong to the same tissue type. Select the exception.

A)adipose
B)bone
C)cartilage
D)blood
E)muscle

Question 6

Which epithelial tissue is best suited for diffusion?

A)stratified cuboidal
B)simple squamous
C)simple columnar
D)stratified squamous
E)stratified columnar

Question 7

The endocrine system functions in ____.

A)conduction
B)contraction
C)hormonal control of body functioning
D)protection against disease
E)cell production

Question 8

Four of the five answers listed below are functions of the skeleton. Select the exception.

A)controls body temperature
B)site of blood cell production
C)protection
D)mineral storage
E)muscle attachment

Question 9

Which cell junction allows cardiac muscle to contract as a unit?

A)gap
B)adhering
C)loose
D)tight
E)plasma

Question 10

An extracellular matrix is characteristic of ____ tissue.

A)muscle
B)epithelial
C)connective
D)nervous
E)embryonic

Question 11

If its cells are striated and fused at the ends so that the cells contract as a unit, the tissue is ____.

A)smooth muscle
B)dense fibrous connective
C)supportive connective
D)cardiac muscle
E)skeletal muscle

Question 12

Which organ arose as an outpouching from the gut in bony fish?

A)liver
B)limbs
C)wings
D)lungs
E)heart

Question 13

What type of connective tissue is able to withstand stretching in any direction and consists of fibroblasts interspersed among a tight mesh of randomly arranged collagen fibers?

A)loose connective tissue
B)dense regular connective tissue
C)dense irregular connective tissue
D)cartilage
E)bone

Question 14

What connective tissue component is unique to cartilage?

A)matrix hardened by calcium and phosphorus
B)extracellular matrix
C)fibroblasts
D)elastin
E)rubbery, compression-resistant proteoglycans

Question 15

Embryonic cells that have the potential to become any cell type are called ____ cells.

A)connective
B)epithelial
C)muscle
D)nerve
E)pluripotent stem

Question 16

One surface of an epithelium faces the environment or a body fluid. The opposite surface is glued to an underlying tissue by ____.

A)microvilli
B)ducts
C)the basement membrane
D)keratinized cells
E)stratified epithelium

Question 17

Which connective tissue type has no blood vessels within it?

A)bone
B)cartilage
C)dense connective tissue
D)loose connective tissue
E)adipose

Question 18

Muscle that is not striated and is involuntary is ____.

A)cardiac only
B)skeletal only
C)smooth only
D)both cardiac and skeletal
E)both cardiac and smooth

Question 19

What is the source of sweat glands, hair follicles, and oil glands within the skin?

A)epidermal cells
B)loose connective tissue
C)dermal cells
D)dense connective tissue
E)adipose cells

Question 20

The extracellular matrix secreted by epithelial cells, and across which nutrients diffuse, is known as ____.

A)the plasma membrane
B)the basement membrane
C)stratified cells
D)exocrine ducts
E)tight junctions

Question 21

What type of tissue is blood?

A)epithelial
B)muscular
C)connective
D)adipose
E)noncellular fluid

Question 22

Anatomical traits are shaped by ____ constraints, such as the requirement that a large body cannot evolve without evolution of a circulatory system to distribute material through it.

A)evolutionary
B)behavioral
C)chemical
D)physical
E)cellular

Question 23

Endocrine glands secrete ____.

A)enzymes
B)sweat
C)milk
D)saliva
E)hormones

Question 24

What divides the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A)an epithelial sheet
B)dense connective tissue
C)loose connective tissue
D)diaphragm muscle
E)cardiac muscle

Question 25

Which progression represents the correct hierarchy of organization in the human body?

A)cells → tissues → organ systems → organs
B)cells → tissues → organs → organ systems
C)tissues → cells → organs → organ systems
D)tissues → organs → cells → organ systems
E)tissues → cells → organ systems → organs

Question 26

As certain cells in the body wear out, such as skin and blood cells, they are continually replaced by new cells that arise from ____.

A)adult stem cells
B)embryonic stem cells
C)induced pluripotent stem cells
D)differentiated cells of the same tissue type
E)gamete cells

Question 27

Which system is involved with body movement?

A)endocrine system
B)reproductive system
C)muscular system
D)respiratory system
E)urinary system

Question 28

Adhering and tight junctions are found at the ____.

A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)nuclear membrane
C)plasma membrane
D)Golgi apparatus
E)ribosomes

Question 29

An organ consists of two or more ____.

A)cells
B)muscle cells
C)tissues
D)functional structures
E)fluid types

Question 30

Fibroblasts are present in which tissue type?

A)connective only
B)epithelial only
C)muscle only
D)nervous only
E)all tissue types

Question 31

Maintaining the volume and composition of blood is the direct responsibility of which system?

A)integumentary
B)immune
C)digestive
D)urinary
E)circulatory

Question 32

Adipose cells are filled with ____.

A)minerals
B)fat
C)cartilage
D)fibers
E)muscles

Question 33

Tendons and ligaments are made of ____.

A)loose connective tissue
B)dense regular connective tissue
C)dense irregular connective tissue
D)cartilage
E)collagen

Question 34

Cytoplasmic extensions that project from the neuron cell body receive and send ____.

A)hormone signals
B)antigens
C)electrochemical signals
D)cytokines
E)synapses

Question 35

Which type of tissue lines internal surfaces of the body?

A)epithelial
B)loose connective
C)supportive connective
D)fibrous
E)adipose

Question 36

Excessive UV light exposure damages ____.

A)collagen only
B)elastin only
C)keratin only
D)collagen and elastin
E)elastin and keratin

Question 37

The secretion of tears, milk, sweat, and saliva are functions of what tissue?

A)epithelial
B)loose connective
C)lymphoid
D)nervous
E)adipose

Question 38

Propagation of signals throughout the body is accomplished via the nervous system through ____.

A)neurons
B)blood
C)hormones
D)muscles
E)neuroglia

Question 39

Which neurons in the nervous system integrate sensory information?

A)interneurons
B)motor neurons
C)sensory neurons
D)motor and sensory neurons
E)interneurons and sensory neurons

Question 40

UV light is necessary for the production of which vitamin?

A)folate
B)vitamin A
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D
E)vitamin E

Question 41

Stem cells produce successive generations of stem cells through the process of ____.

A)mitosis
B)meiosis
C)differentiation
D)fertilization
E)maturation

Question 42

Which cells make up nervous tissue?

A)neuroglia
B)neurons
C)brain and spinal cord cells
D)neuroglia and neurons
E)nervous cells

Question 43

Four of the five answers listed below are secreted by exocrine glands. Select the exception.

A)wax
B)saliva
C)hormone
D)milk
E)mucus

Question 44

Match the description with the appropriate muscle type.
a.skeletal muscle
b.smooth muscle
c.cardiac muscle
long, parallel, multinucleated cells

Question 45

Epithelial cells are specialized for four of the five following functions. Select the exception.

A)secretion
B)protection
C)diffusion
D)contraction
E)absorption

Question 46

Match the description with the appropriate muscle type.
a.skeletal muscle
b.smooth muscle
c.cardiac muscle
interacts with bone to facilitate movement

Question 47

Human skin is primarily composed of which type of epithelium?

A)simple cuboidal
B)simple columnar
C)simple squamous
D)stratified cuboidal
E)stratified squamous

Question 48

Match the description with the appropriate muscle type.
a.skeletal muscle
b.smooth muscle
c.cardiac muscle
in the walls of some soft internal organs

Question 49

The protein that helps make vertebrate skin abrasion-resistant and waterproof is ____.

A)collagen
B)elastin
C)hemoglobin
D)keratin
E)melanin

Question 50

Excess UV light depletes the body of which vitamin?

A)folate
B)vitamin A
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D
E)vitamin E

Question 51

Match the organ system to the correct description
a.integumentary
b.respiratory
c.nervous
d.digestive
e.reproductive
This system integrates organ system activities.

Question 52

Match the organ system to the correct description
a.integumentary
b.respiratory
c.nervous
d.digestive
e.reproductive
This system protects the body from injury, dehydration, and pathogens.

Question 53

Four of the five answers below pertain to smooth muscle. Select the exception.

A)voluntary
B)tapered cells with a single nucleus
C)found in the walls of blood vessels
D)found in the walls of the digestive tract
E)not striated

Question 54

What type of cells keeps neurons positioned where they should be, and provides them with metabolic support?

A)other neurons
B)loose connective tissue
C)neuroglia
D)fibroblasts and their collagen secretions
E)simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 55

Which muscle type is considered voluntary?

A)cardiac only
B)skeletal only
C)smooth only
D)both cardiac and smooth
E)both skeletal and smooth

Question 56

What type of an extracellular matrix does blood have?

A)gel-like
B)matrix hardened by calcium and phosphorus
C)fluid
D)glycoprotein rich
E)tightly packed with fibers

Question 57

Match the description with the appropriate muscle type.
a.skeletal muscle
b.smooth muscle
c.cardiac muscle
gap junctions ensure these cells contract as a unit

Question 58

Match the description with the appropriate muscle type.
a.skeletal muscle
b.smooth muscle
c.cardiac muscle
in heart wall

Question 59

The fluid that surrounds cells in tissues is called ____.

A)interstitial fluid
B)blood
C)urine
D)lymph
E)water

Question 60

Match the description with the appropriate muscle type.
a.skeletal muscle
b.smooth muscle
c.cardiac muscle
cells with tapered ends and no striations

Question 61

Why is epithelial tissue more likely to become cancerous?

Question 62

Match the structure to the correct description.
a.makes up tendons
b.contains collagen and elastin; surrounds internal organs and underlies epithelial tissue
c.final form is hardened by calcium and phosphorus
d.stores fatty reserves; little extracellular matrix
e.forms deep skin layers and a protective capsule around kidneys
f.contains no blood vessels
bone

Question 63

Match the structure to the correct description.
a.makes up tendons
b.contains collagen and elastin; surrounds internal organs and underlies epithelial tissue
c.final form is hardened by calcium and phosphorus
d.stores fatty reserves; little extracellular matrix
e.forms deep skin layers and a protective capsule around kidneys
f.contains no blood vessels
dense irregular connective tissue

Question 64

Why are muscle and nervous tissue not replaced by the body if damaged or lost?

Question 65

Match the structure to the correct description.
a.makes up tendons
b.contains collagen and elastin; surrounds internal organs and underlies epithelial tissue
c.final form is hardened by calcium and phosphorus
d.stores fatty reserves; little extracellular matrix
e.forms deep skin layers and a protective capsule around kidneys
f.contains no blood vessels
adipose tissue

Question 66

Match the structure to the correct description.
a.makes up tendons
b.contains collagen and elastin; surrounds internal organs and underlies epithelial tissue
c.final form is hardened by calcium and phosphorus
d.stores fatty reserves; little extracellular matrix
e.forms deep skin layers and a protective capsule around kidneys
f.contains no blood vessels
loose connective tissue

Question 67

Match the organ system to the correct description
a.integumentary
b.respiratory
c.nervous
d.digestive
e.reproductive
This system helps maintain pH.

Question 68

What type(s) of muscle are striated and which structure(s) are responsible for that appearance?

Question 69

Explain the nutritional disorder scurvy and its impact on body tissue.

Question 70

Match the structure to the correct description.
a.makes up tendons
b.contains collagen and elastin; surrounds internal organs and underlies epithelial tissue
c.final form is hardened by calcium and phosphorus
d.stores fatty reserves; little extracellular matrix
e.forms deep skin layers and a protective capsule around kidneys
f.contains no blood vessels
dense regular connective tissue

Question 71

How does UV light damage skin?

Question 72

Match the organ system to the correct description
a.integumentary
b.respiratory
c.nervous
d.digestive
e.reproductive
This system is quite distinct in the two sexes.

Question 73

What are the three types of muscle? How do they differ?

Question 74

What type of gland secretes a substance through a duct? What type of gland releases its product into the interstitial fluid (and bloodstream)?

Question 75

Match the structure to the correct description.
a.makes up tendons
b.contains collagen and elastin; surrounds internal organs and underlies epithelial tissue
c.final form is hardened by calcium and phosphorus
d.stores fatty reserves; little extracellular matrix
e.forms deep skin layers and a protective capsule around kidneys
f.contains no blood vessels
cartilage

Question 76

New anatomical traits typically arise by modification of existing structures. This process constrains animal body plans and can produce structures with less than optimal function. Use an example of wings to demonstrate this point.

Question 77

Match the organ system to the correct description
a.integumentary
b.respiratory
c.nervous
d.digestive
e.reproductive
This system processes food and water.

Question 78

What may be a new source that could replace embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purposes?