Deck 13: Leadership and Power in Organizations

Question 1

Which of the following is,according to French & Raven,one of the five factors that determine the power that one person has over another?

A)Influence power
B)Coercive power
C)Conformity power
D)Political power

Answer 1

Coercive power

Question 2

Sam is the best computer analyst you know.When she tells you to make adjustments in a specific program,you and everyone else does as she says.Sam has influence over your behavior through which of French and Raven's five bases of interpersonal power?

A)Legitimate
B)Reward
C)Expert
D)Referent

Answer 2

Expert

Question 3

The teacher warns Sandra that if she doesn't sit down she will be sent to the principal.The teacher is demonstrating her _______ power.

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)coercive
D)referent

Answer 3

coercive

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a means by which political power is achieved and maintained in organizations,according to Yukl?

A)Control over decision processes.
B)Forming coalitions.
C)Co-optation.
D)Hiring people who oppose you.

Question 5

Little Joey drinks Coke because his favorite athlete drinks Coke.The athlete has___________ power.

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)expert
D)referent

Question 6

In a typical large college lecture class,which type of power is the professor LEAST likely to have?

A)Legitimate
B)Referent
C)Expert
D)Coercive

Question 7

Leaders are often associated with supervisory positions in organizations;however,being a supervisor does not guarantee that a person will be able to influence others.

Question 8

Which type of power has the limitation that when used it may become ineffective due to the fact that subordinates may become used to it and therefore only respond when it is present?

A)Coercive
B)Legitimate
C)Reward
D)All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following types of power is associated with good relations?

A)Expert
B)Referent
C)Reward
D)All of the above

Question 10

You think your teacher has a right to give assignments,so you always read the chapter by the assigned date.You are acknowledging your teacher's ___________ power.

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)expert
D)referent

Question 11

Fred tells Joyce he'll buy her a great meal if she'll help him with his project.Fred is using his _________ power.

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)expert
D)referent

Question 12

You obey the doctor's instructions because you think the doctor knows what is best for you.The doctor has ___________power.

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)expert
D)referent

Question 13

You want your company to select InternetRUS as the company internet provider,but you don't have enough influence to make sure this happens.You agree to support Tabitha on a matter that's important to her in exchange for her support on your choice of company internet provider.In Yukl's (1989)terms,this is an example of

A)forming coalitions.
B)co-optation.
C)control over decision processes.
D)use of legitimate power.

Question 14

Which type of power is most likely to result in resistance?

A)Legitimate
B)Reward
C)Expert
D)Coercive

Question 15

____________ involves trying to diffuse another faction's opposition by allowing its members to participate in the decision.

A)Forming coalitions
B)Co-optation
C)Control over decision processes
D)Use of referent power

Question 16

A leader,by definition is,

A)one who is in charge of other people.
B)an individual who is formally elected to a position of power or authority.
C)any person who demonstrates leadership skills.
D)all of the above

Question 17

According to Yukl,__________ is the process by which people gain and protect their power within an organization.

A)political action
B)co-optation
C)decision process control
D)coalition formation

Question 18

The power that results from the admiration of an individual is

A)referent power.
B)legitimate power.
C)expert power.
D)coercive power.

Question 19

The overall productivity of your department has decreased over the last few months.As a result,your supervisor threatens to demote all members of your department if the productivity level does not increase.Your manager has used which type of power?

A)Referent
B)Legitimate
C)Coercive
D)Reward

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of leadership?

A)The leader is the person in charge of other people.
B)Leadership involves having greater influence than others on the attitudes,beliefs,and behaviors of other people.
C)In organizations,supervisors and managers are the only leaders.
D)A leader's power depends in part on his or her expertise and legitimacy.

Question 21

Supervisory abuse of power includes:

A)sexual harassment.
B)using a harsh and punitive style.
C)ethnic harassment
D)all of the above.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT considered a dimension of political skill?

A)Charisma
B)Networking ability
C)Apparent sincerity
D)Interpersonal influence

Question 23

The extent to which a person is able to influence other to engage in behavior that is beneficial to that person or to the organization is referred to as:

A)Legitimate power
B)Political skill
C)Coercive power
D)Control of decision processes

Question 24

Supervisors might mistreat their subordinates because they like wielding power over others.

Question 25

Sara wants to have a say in the kinds of technologies that her company adopts,so she volunteers to sit on the existing technology purchasing committee.According to Yukl,Sara has gained power by:

A)co-optation.
B)forming coalitions.
C)controlling decision processes.
D)using referent power.

Question 26

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is FALSE?

A)It interferes with a person's job performance.
B)It creates a hostile and intimidating work environment.
C)It includes use of offensive language even if not accompanied by contact or touching.
D)Only men can be charged with sexual harassment.

Question 27

John wants to get a new policy approved for New Millennium Enterprises.He attends social gathering of other departments to meet people who are interested in supporting the new policy.Which dimension of political skill is John using?

A)Charisma
B)Networking ability
C)Apparent sincerity
D)Interpersonal influence

Question 28

The dimension of political skill that involves developing relationships with a wide range of individuals is:

A)social astuteness
B)interpersonal influence
C)networking ability
D)apparent sincerity

Question 29

The use of political action to gain and protect power within an organization

A)is indicative of a dysfunctional organization.
B)is subversive and a form of counterproductive employee behavior.
C)a way of life in most government and nongovernment organization.
D)Both a and c are correct.

Question 30

The dimension of political skill that involves the skill of convincing other people to accept a particular position is:

A)social astuteness
B)interpersonal influence
C)networking ability
D)apparent sincerity

Question 31

The CEO of New Millennium Enterprises wants to consolidate the activities of various departments within the organization.She knows that this will lead to the loss of some jobs and if the decision "comes from the top" it will lead to opposition and a decrease in morale of her employees.To try to diffuse this opposition and decrease in morale she appoints a committee of employees and charges them with suggesting ways in which the functioning of the company can become more "efficient." By allowing her employees to participate in the decision to combine the departments,she has used which of Yukl's means of political power?

A)Control of decision processes
B)Forming coalitions
C)Co-optation
D)Coercive power

Question 32

Which approach asks "Who will make a good leader?"

A)trait
B)behavior
C)contingency
D)LMX

Question 33

Which of the following statements about harassment is FALSE?

A)Harassment is in the eye of the beholder.
B)Ethnic harassment involves mistreatment on the basis of racial background.
C)Research has shown that employees are more likely to be judged guilty of harassment than supervisors.
D)Many cases of harassment go unreported.

Question 34

The dimension of political skill that involves the ability to understand people and social situations is:

A)social astuteness
B)interpersonal influence
C)networking ability
D)apparent sincerity

Question 35

Sexual harassment is a form of discrimination.

Question 36

Which approach asks "Under a given condition,who will be a good leader and what behavior is likely to be effective?"

A)trait
B)behavior
C)contingency
D)LMX

Question 37

Aaron's boss always walks by his desk and touches his arm while she is talking with him.Her language is frequently suggestive and she has repeatedly asked him for a "date." Two weeks ago she prevented him from receiving a promotion that would have moved him out of her department.This is an example of

A)legitimate supervisory behavior.
B)sexual harassment.
C)use of political action.
D)none of the above

Question 38

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is TRUE?

A)The cost of legal problems is probably small in comparison to the hidden costs.
B)A recent meta-analysis showed that 77% of women reported experiencing sexual harassment at work.
C)People tend to agree on whether or not certain actions are considered harassment.
D)The perpetrators of harassment and not the organizations are generally held accountable for harassing behavior.

Question 39

Which approach asks "What do good leaders do?"

A)trait
B)behavior
C)contingency
D)LMX

Question 40

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is FALSE?

A)It can adversely affect a person's employment.
B)It creates a hostile and intimidating work environment.
C)Companies are not legally responsible if managers engage in sexual harassment,though the manager is.
D)It can result in large hidden costs to the organization.

Question 41

Which leadership approach categorizes leader actions in terms of consideration and initiating structure?

A)Contingency approach
B)Leader behavior approach
C)Trait approach
D)Transformational approach

Question 42

Kevin allows his subordinates to have input into decisions that affect them.Such a style of asking advice and having discussions about issues is called

A)participative.
B)autocratic.
C)inclusive.
D)supportive.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT an example of initiating structure?

A)He or she makes his or her attitudes clear to the group.
B)He or she tries out his or her ideas on the group.
C)He or she lets group members know what is expected of them.
D)He or she treats all members of the group as his or her equals.

Question 44

In examining the relationship between leader behavior and turnover behavior it was noted that leaders that were low on _____________ and high on________ had higher turnover and more grievances those who were the reverse.

A)consideration;initiating structure
B)initiating structure;consideration
C)participation;autocratic
D)autocratic;participation

Question 45

A cluster of related behaviors that represent an approach to dealing with subordinates is called:

A)leadership trait
B)leader emergence
C)leadership style
D)leader contingency

Question 46

Lynn makes decisions alone and announces them to the group.Such a decision-making style is called

A)supportive.
B)autocratic.
C)participative.
D)exclusive.

Question 47

Marcy tells all her subordinates exactly what she expects them to do,and she never shows any interest in them as people.In the terms used by the leader behavior approach,Marcy

A)has a directive leadership style.
B)is a task-oriented leader.
C)is high in initiating structure and low in consideration.
D)is a low LPC leader.

Question 48

Some supervisors allow subordinates to have input into decisions that affect them.Such a style of asking advice and having discussions about issues is called

A)autocratic.
B)participative.
C)inclusive.
D)supportive.

Question 49

Which approach asks "How does the interaction between subordinate and supervisor affect the subordinate's behavior?"

A)trait
B)behavior
C)contingency
D)LMX

Question 50

Kyra treats all members of her group as equals.This behavior reflects what kind of leadership style?

A)participative.
B)autocratic.
C)achievement.
D)supportive.

Question 51

Some supervisors make decisions alone and announce them to the group.Such a decision-making style is called

A)autocratic.
B)participative.
C)exclusive.
D)supportive.

Question 52

Leader behavior approaches to leadership are focused on

A)the characteristics (traits)of effective leaders.
B)what leaders do;or the actual behavior demonstrated by effective leaders.
C)the interaction between the leader and the leadership situation.
D)the interplay between the characteristics of the leader,the characteristics of the situation and the characteristics of the subordinates.

Question 53

You think your boss is a great leader because she is intelligent,trustworthy,and self-confident.You think she would be a great leader in any situation.You apparently accept the

A)contingency approach.
B)leader behavior approach.
C)trait approach.
D)leader-member exchange approach.

Question 54

A group of individuals is asked to work on a task and they are observed to determine who becomes the leader of the group.This exercise examines which of the following concepts?

A)Participative influence
B)Legitimate uses of power
C)Leader emergence
D)Leadership styles

Question 55

You believe that John is a born leader and will vote for him in any election that he chooses to participate in.What theory of leadership do you ascribe to?

A)Charismatic theory
B)Trait theory
C)Path goal theory
D)Fiedler's Contingency theory

Question 56

What is the oldest approach to the study of leadership?

A)The contingency approach
B)The behavior approach
C)The trait approach
D)The leader-member exchange approach

Question 57

According to the text,____________ has been found to be positively associated both with leader performance and with leader emergence.

A)cognitive ability/intelligence
B)aggressiveness
C)decisiveness
D)All of the above

Question 58

According to Fleishmann and Harris (1962),subordinates of leaders who score low on consideration and high on initiating structure:

A)have higher performance.
B)file more grievances.
C)have lower turnover.
D)are being abused.

Question 59

Research on the effects of leader behavior on subordinates,although problematic,has lead to the conclusion that

A)supervisory styles do have effects on subordinates.
B)some supervisory styles are always ineffective.
C)leadership styles are inborn and you either have them,or you don't.
D)autocratic leaders have the highest employee morale rates.

Question 60

Which leadership approach is concerned with leadership styles (such as participative)?

A)Leader-member exchange approach
B)Leader behavior approach
C)Trait approach
D)Transformational approach

Question 61

Which leadership theory emphasizes the relationship between the leader and individual group members rather than that between the leader and the group as a whole?

A)Leader-member exchange theory
B)Vroom-Yetton model
C)Leader behavior theory
D)Path-goal theory

Question 62

Which of the following is not a supervisory style according to path goal theory?

A)supportive
B)participative
C)directive
D)autocratic

Question 63

The research on path-goal theory

A)has offered no support for the theory.
B)has offered inconsistent support for some of the hypotheses proposed.
C)has strongly supported the predictions (hypotheses)proposed by the theory.
D)offers strong support for the participative style of leadership,but not the directive style.

Question 64

Which of the following would NOT reflect consideration?

A)He or she is friendly and approachable.
B)He or she treats all members of the group as his or her equals
C)He or she lets group members know what is expected of them.
D)He or she does little things to make it pleasant to be a member of the group.

Question 65

According to path goal leadership theory,a leader who sets challenging task goals emphasizes achievement and high performance goals would be considered to be demonstrating which type of leadership style?

A)Supportive
B)Participative
C)Directive
D)Achievement

Question 66

Fiedler's major contribution is that he has shown us that

A)leaders must provide subordinates with proper guidance.
B)some people are natural leaders.
C)leadership involves the complex interaction of leader characteristics with the leadership situation.
D)effective leadership is defined solely by what a leader does (i.e. ,behavior).

Question 67

Which of the following subordinate characteristics is important,according to path-goal theory as described in the text?

A)Need for achievement
B)Self-perceived ability
C)Intelligence
D)Extraversion

Question 68

What is the major weakness of Fiedler's contingency model?

A)It is not supported by empirical research.
B)It is inconsistent internally.
C)It is not clear what the LPC scale really measures.
D)It is not clear what factors contribute to situational control.

Question 69

According to path-goal theory,under some circumstances leaders should show concern for the needs and welfare of their subordinates.This is the ___________ leadership style.

A)achievement
B)directive
C)participative
D)supportive

Question 70

According to leader-member exchange theory,certain subordinates will be trusted,treated with consideration,and expected to work extra hard.These subordinates are called the

A)elite.
B)charismatics.
C)cadre
D)referent subordinates.

Question 71

Which training program trains leaders to change situations to be more appropriate to their leadership style?

A)LPC training
B)Contingency training
C)Leader Match program
D)Ohio State Leader Maker program

Question 72

Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership

A)argues that there is a single best leadership style.
B)assumes that certain leader behaviors are effective regardless of the situation.
C)argues that leadership is a function of the situation and the person.
D)assumes that certain characteristics of people will make them good leaders.

Question 73

Which leadership theory is logically based on expectancy theory?

A)Leader-member exchange theory
B)Transformational leadership theory
C)Leader behavior theory
D)Path-goal theory

Question 74

According to Fiedler,a high LPC leader will be most effective when he or she has ___________ situational control

A)low
B)moderate
C)high
D)total

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT a contingency theory of leadership?

A)Leader behavior theory
B)Fiedler's model
C)Path-goal theory
D)The Vroom-Yetton model

Question 76

Fiedler's contingency theory posits that three characteristics of the situation are important for leadership.Which of the following is NOT one of the three characteristics of the situation discussed by Fiedler?

A)Leader-member relations
B)Position power
C)Task structure
D)Group member experience

Question 77

Which of the following conclusions would Fiedler NOT draw from his theory?

A)Leaders should adapt their style to fit the situation.
B)The best leader behavior depends on the situation.
C)The best type of leader depends on the situation.
D)More than one factor is important in determining the favorability of the situation for the leader.

Question 78

Jim is employed at New Millennium Enterprises.He and his team are given highly structured tasks and supervised with a very directive style.They are never asked to offer input into departmental decisions.Sally,on the other hand is always treated with consideration and is consulted about many of the important decisions that effect the department.Leader exchange theory would argue that Jim is a member of the ___________ and Sally a member of the __________.

A)ingroup;cadre
B)hired hands;outgroup
C)cadre;hired hands
D)outgroup;cadre

Question 79

According to Fiedler,the amount of power and influence that a leader has over subordinates is referred to as

A)leader-member relations.
B)situational control.
C)task structure.
D)motivational structure.

Question 80

Which leadership theory posits that subordinate job performance and satisfaction result from the combination of situational characteristics,subordinate characteristics,and supervisor style?

A)Leader-member exchange theory
B)Transformational leadership theory
C)Fiedler's contingency theory
D)Path-goal theory