Deck 1: What Is Health Psychology

Question 1

The biomedical model emphasizes both health and illness.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Public health researchers inform policymakers about changes that would benefit communities.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The most important factor giving rise to health psychology has been the expansion of health care services.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In conversion hysteria, the patient converts psychological conflict into a symptom which then relieves the patient of anxiety.

Question 5

The field within psychology devoted to understanding all psychological influences on health and illness across the life span is called

A) psychosomatic medicine.
B) health psychology.
C) medical psychology.
D) epidemiology.
E) immunology.

Question 6

Although health psychologists have been employed in health settings for many years, they have difficulty establishing their credibility with physicians and other health care professionals.

Question 7

The 1948 World Health Organization's definition of health is analogous to a state of wellness.

Question 8

The ancient Greeks believed in a humoral theory of illness.

Question 9

The biopsychosocial model emphasizes the importance of an effective patient-practitioner relationship.

Question 10

The idea that one's biochemistry may be associated with certain personality characteristics can be traced to the

A) Stone Age.
B) ancient Greeks.
C) Middle Ages.
D) Renaissance.
E) ancient Romans.

Question 11

What does etiology refer to?

A) causes of illness
B) a special kind of disease state
C) healthy behaviour
D) stress effects
E) the prevalence of disease in a population

Question 12

A health psychologist who designs a media campaign to get people to improve their diets focuses on

A) health promotion and maintenance.
B) prevention and treatment of illness.
C) etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D) the health care system and the formulation of health policy.
E) the philosophy of the mind-body relationship.

Question 13

In ____________________, the Church was the guardian of medical knowledge.

A) ancient Greece
B) the Middle Ages
C) the Renaissance
D) Freud's era
E) the Stone Age

Question 14

According to the humoral theory of Hippocrates and Galen, disease is the result of

A) trephination.
B) evil spirits.
C) an imbalance of bodily fluids.
D) cellular disorders.
E) God's punishment.

Question 15

Early cultures took a dualistic approach to the mind and the body.

Question 16

Morbidity may be expressed in two ways: as the number of new cases or as the total number of existing cases of an illness.

Question 17

A health psychologist who studies the impact of hospitals and physicians on people's behaviour focuses on

A) health promotion and maintenance.
B) prevention and treatment of illness.
C) etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D) the health care system and the formulation of health policy.
E) social psychology.

Question 18

A health psychologist who is interested in the behavioural and social factors that contribute to disease focuses on

A) health promotion and maintenance.
B) prevention and treatment of illness.
C) etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D) the health care system and the formulation of health policy.
E) the biopsychosocial model.

Question 19

Ancient cultures viewed the mind and the body as

A) ultimately unknowable.
B) somewhat interdependent.
C) separate and autonomous systems.
D) part of the same system.
E) not much differently than we do today.

Question 20

A health psychologist who works with people who are already ill focuses on

A) health promotion and maintenance.
B) prevention and treatment of illness.
C) etiology and correlations of health, illness, and dysfunction.
D) the health care system and the formulation of health policy.
E) the philosophy of the mind-body relationship.

Question 21

Conversion hysteria

A) is now even more frequent than in Freud's time.
B) occurs when unconscious conflict is manifested in a symbolic physical symptom.
C) occurs when an individual develops several minor symptoms to avoid interpersonal conflict.
D) is strongly associated with hypochondria.
E) occurs more often in men than in woman.

Question 22

Acute disorders are

A) short-term medical illnesses that are usually responsive to cure.
B) typically diseases that are co-managed by patients and their practitioners.
C) the major causes of death and illness in Canada.
D) serious disorders such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
E) usually deadly disorders that are difficult to cure.

Question 23

Which of the following statements best reflects a current perspective of the mind-body relationship?

A) Repressed psychological conflicts can manifest as physical symptoms and illness.
B) Health and healing involves the interrelation of all of the body's systems, and illness arises as a disharmony between these systems.
C) Illness is largely a product of one's temperament.
D) Healing relies most heavily on the patient's belief in the physician.
E) Illness results only from a breakdown of organic and cellular changes within the body.

Question 24

Chronic illnesses

A) are illnesses that are psychosomatic in origin.
B) are difficult for patients to manage, but seldom contribute to disability or death.
C) can be cured only if the patient and the practitioner work together as a team.
D) are illnesses in which psychological and social factors play an important role in both cause and management.
E) are rare in industrialized countries.

Question 25

Until the turn of the 20th century, _______________ were among the major causes of illness and death in Canada.

A) acute disorders
B) chronic illnesses
C) hereditary disorders
D) accidents and homicides
E) waterborne parasites

Question 26

A single-factor model of illness assumes that

A) there is one ultimate cause of all illnesses.
B) health should be emphasized over illness.
C) illness can be explained in terms of a biological disorder.
D) only one factor of an illness can be dealt with at one time.
E) there is only one correct treatment for the illness.

Question 27

Systems theory assumes a principle of hierarchical organization. This implies that

A) changes in any one level will affect all other levels of the system.
B) only changes in the highest level will affect all levels of the system.
C) changes in one level will affect only lower levels of the system.
D) changes in intermediate levels have the most profound impacts.
E) an aberration in one level will cause a demise of the system.

Question 28

According to the biopsychosocial model, state of health and illness are produced by

A) microlevel processes.
B) macrolevel processes.
C) the interaction of microlevel and macrolevel processes.
D) environment.
E) microlevel processes and the environment.

Question 29

According to the biopsychosocial model,

A) an interdisciplinary team approach may lead to the best diagnoses.
B) treatment must focus on biological, psychological, and social factors.
C) patients and practitioner play an important role in their diagnosis and treatment.
D) one can understand health habits only in their psychological and social contexts.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 30

Currently, in industrialized countries, _______________ is/are the major contributor/s to disability and death.

A) acute disorders
B) chronic illnesses
C) hereditary disorders
D) accidents and homicides
E) suicide

Question 31

The idea that health is the absence of disease most closely resembles the

A) biomedical model.
B) biopsychosocial model.
C) psychosomatic model.
D) pathological model.
E) holistic model.

Question 32

Josh is feeling achy, has a stuffed up nose and a cough, and is feeling very tired. On the basis of these symptoms Josh's doctor tells him he has been infected with a cold virus. This diagnosis is an example of

A) dualism.
B) systems theory.
C) homeostasis.
D) reductionism.
E) mechanism.

Question 33

_______________ linked specific personality patterns to specific illnesses.

A) Dunbar and Alexander
B) Galen
C) Hippocrates
D) Freud
E) Cattell

Question 34

According to your text, all conditions of health and illness are influenced by

A) one's personality type.
B) psychodynamics.
C) lifestyle factors.
D) psychological and social factors.
E) the deterioration of cells.

Question 35

The _______________ maintains that health and illness are caused by multiple factors and produce multiple effects.

A) biopsychosocial model
B) psychosomatic model
C) reductionistic model
D) biomedical model
E) dualistic approach

Question 36

The field of behavioural medicine

A) focuses on objective and clinically relevant interventions.
B) relies on subjective, verbal interventions.
C) does not recognize biofeedback as a treatment intervention.
D) focuses mainly on behavior modification interventions.
E) was the basis for the field of psychosomatic medicine.

Question 37

The notion that cancer can be cured simply by excising a tumour, most closely resembles the

A) biomedical model.
B) biopsychosocial model.
C) psychosomatic model.
D) pathological model.
E) mind-body model.

Question 38

The _______________ model maintains that all illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic processes.

A) biomedical
B) psychoemotional
C) biopsychosocial
D) psychosocial
E) psychosomatic

Question 39

The fundamental assumption of the _______________ model is that health and illness are consequences of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors.

A) biomedical
B) psychoemotional
C) psychoneuroimmunology
D) psychosocial
E) biopsychosocial

Question 40

The biopsychosocial model of health

A) emphasizes the social and psychological factors in health.
B) views the body as a system of organs that work holistically together.
C) proposes that complex phenomenon can be reduced down to their simpler components.
D) considers both macro and micro level factors.
E) proposes body-mind unity.

Question 41

Compare and contrast the biopsychosocial and biomedical models. Include in your explanation the advantages of the biopsychosocial model over the biomedical model.

Question 42

_______________ is the study of the frequency, distribution, and causes of infectious and non-infectious disease in a population, based on an investigation of the physical and social environment.

A) Health psychology
B) Etiology
C) Morbidity
D) Epidemiology
E) Immunology

Question 43

Explain how current views of the mind-body relationship have been influenced by the growing interest in holistic health and healing.

Question 44

Training in health psychology can lead to opportunities to work in a variety of different fields. Name three of these fields and provide examples of the roles associated with each.

Question 45

Explain how the changing patterns of illness have contributed to the rise of health psychology.

Question 46

Which of the following is not an allied health professional?

A) Physiotherapist
B) Physician
C) Dietitian
D) Occupational therapist
E) Social worker

Question 47

_______________ refers to the number of cases of a disease that exist at some given point in time. _______________ refers to numbers of deaths due to particular causes.

A) Morbidity; Mortality
B) Mortality; Etiology
C) Epidemiology; Pathology
D) Etiology; Epidemiology
E) Prevalence; Mortality

Question 48

Explain the factors that contributed to the development of behavioural medicine. In what ways has the field of behavioural medicine influenced the practice of health psychology?

Question 49

Health psychologists typically are employed

A) in academic settings, where they conduct research programs in health psychology.
B) in industrial or occupational health settings.
C) as clinicians who work with medical patients.
D) with individuals who are emotionally and physically disabled.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health according to a population health approach?

A) Social support networks
B) Health services
C) Biology and genetic endowment
D) Employment/working conditions
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 51

As an allied health professional Susan has the opportunity to apply the principles of health psychology with her clients. For example, she helps patients with ongoing health issues, help them learn to use adaptive devices and become accustomed to new ways of performing old tasks. Susan most likely works as a(n)

A) Physiotherapist.
B) Physician.
C) Dietitian.
D) Occupational therapist.
E) Social worker.