Deck 5: Psychology and Physical Health

Question 1

_____ is a persistent negative attitude marked by cynical,mistrusting thoughts,feelings of anger,and overtly aggressive actions.

A) Anger
B) Hostility
C) Pessimism
D) Type A personality

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Margie has been told she has a Type A personality.She is most likely

A) a perfectionist.
B) patient.
C) relaxed.
D) cooperative.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

_____ may be why some people who are overweight,smoke,and get little exercise still do not have heart disease according to Friedman and Rosenman.

A) Genetics
B) Environment
C) Personality
D) None of these

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the biopsychosocial model,which of the following is a psychological factor?

A) Immune response
B) Environmental toxins
C) Reaction to illness
D) Health education

Question 5

Which component of Type A behavior seems to be MOST responsible for the increased rate of heart attacks?

A) Anger and hostility
B) Highly driven work goals
C) Competitiveness
D) Impatience and time urgency

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for coronary disease?

A) Smoking
B) High blood pressure
C) Diabetes
D) Type B personality

Question 7

Chronic diseases account for about ____ % of deaths in the United States.

A) 14
B) 34
C) 54
D) 74

Question 8

In the biopsychosocial model,which of the following is a social factor?

A) Immune response
B) Environmental toxins
C) Coping tactics
D) Sanitation

Question 9

Chad has been described as a Type B personality.He is most likely

A) impatient.
B) easygoing.
C) competitive.
D) time conscious.

Question 10

At this time in history,people's health is most likely to be compromised by

A) farm accidents.
B) chronic diseases.
C) contagious diseases.
D) influenza.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation of why anger and hostility are associated with coronary risk?

A) Greater physiological reactivity
B) Creating a more stressful environment for themselves
C) Over-exercising and physical exertion
D) Less social support

Question 12

Robert is studying how psychosocial factors relate to health and prevention of illnesses.He has decided he is interested in going into the field of

A) biopsychosocial studies.
B) health psychology.
C) psychiatry.
D) positive psychology.

Question 13

Mark's work is making him angry.In order to avoid coronary risk,his best approach is to

A) recognize his anger,but express it calmly and rationally.
B) suppress his anger by keeping it to himself.
C) ignore his anger.
D) express his anger openly.

Question 14

Feldman and Rosenman found a relationship between _____ and coronary risk.

A) impatience
B) smoking
C) lack of exercise
D) obesity

Question 15

The biopsychosocial model suggests that physical illness is caused by

A) an internal physical breakdown in the body.
B) an infectious agent.
C) an interaction of biological,psychological,and sociocultural factors.
D) a combination of physical,mental,and socioeconomic factors.

Question 16

The model of illness that contrasts with the purely biological cause of an infectious agent or internal physical breakdown is the

A) biopsychosocial model.
B) health psychology model.
C) chronic disease model.
D) personality disorder model.

Question 17

According to a study by Williams et al. ,a high level of anger

A) raised the chance of coronary disease in men by triple and women by 36%.
B) tripled the risk for coronary disease for people with prior history of heart disease.
C) raised chances of coronary disease by 36%.
D) nearly tripled risk for coronary disease for people with no prior history of heart disease.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT considered a chronic disease?

A) Cancer
B) Stroke
C) Tuberculosis
D) Heart disease

Question 19

Which of the following are problems related to psychological and social factors?

A) Headaches and backaches
B) Asthma and ulcers
C) Skin disorders
D) All of these

Question 20

______ play a larger role in chronic diseases than contagious diseases.

A) Lifestyles
B) Viruses
C) Infections and viruses
D) Lifestyles and stress

Question 21

Linda has been told that her irritable bowel syndrome is related to the fact that stress

A) has very little effect on immune activity.
B) can lead to the destruction of lymphocytes.
C) is related to increased levels of immune activity.
D) is related to decreased levels of immune activity.

Question 22

Philip engages in self-destructive unhealthy behavior.He most likely

A) doesn't know his life-style is unhealthy.
B) underestimates the risks of his behavior compared to others' self-destructive behaviors.
C) is realistically optimistic about life.
D) knows that he would quickly notice if his behavior was affecting his health.

Question 23

The average smoker's life expectancy is

A) nearly the same as a similar nonsmoker.
B) 13-14 years shorter than that of a similar nonsmoker.
C) is impossible to determine in comparison to nonsmokers because of confounding variables.
D) shorter than a nonsmoker if they are susceptible to cancer.

Question 24

The link between depressive disorders and heart disease is

A) due to feeling depressed when being diagnosed with heart disease.
B) due to the emotional dysfunction of depression causing heart disease.
C) a major risk factor for heart disease.
D) all of these.

Question 25

Mokdad and colleagues estimated that unhealthy behaviors are response for about ____ percent of deaths each year in the United States.

A) 20
B) 35
C) 50
D) 65

Question 26

Research shows that long-term success rates for efforts to quit smoking are about

A) 10%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 80%.

Question 27

In the United States about _____ % of adult men and _____ % of women continue to smoke regularly.

A) 16;12
B) 24;18
C) 32;28
D) 43;32

Question 28

Hank has noticed that when he is under stress,he seems to be less able to fight off illness at the age of 80 than he could when he was 40 years old.This is most likely related to

A) an increase in stressful events.
B) his fears of aging.
C) his stress lasts longer.
D) his immune system is not as efficient at fighting illness as when he was younger.

Question 29

Chronic stress can

A) reduce cellular immune response to viruses.
B) reduce humoral immune response to bacteria.
C) suppress the immune system more the longer it lasts.
D) do all of these.

Question 30

Which of the following has been shown to increase the risk of such diseases as cardiovascular disease,hypertension,and emphysema?

A) Obesity
B) Smoking
C) Poor nutrition
D) Lack of exercise

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a reason people engage in unhealthy behaviors at the risk of their health?

A) People are realistic about their own health-impairing habits compared to others.
B) Bad habits,such as drug use or lack of exercise,get worse slowly over time.
C) Poor health habits involve pleasant feelings at the time.
D) Chronic diseases take a long time to develop and are easier to ignore.

Question 32

About _____ % of adults in the United States categorize themselves as infrequent drinkers.

A) 12
B) 25
C) 49
D) 60

Question 33

Elena is researching the relationship between stress and subsequent health in normal individuals.She is likely to find a correlation around

A) .10.
B) .25.
C) .40.
D) .60.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a relationship of stress to cancer?

A) Lower survival rates with higher stress
B) Stress causes cancer
C) Higher rates of the disease with higher stress
D) Higher morality rates with patients who respond with repressive coping.

Question 35

Part of the answer to understanding why stress increases the risk for colds,rheumatoid arthritis,lower back pain,asthma,and periodontal disease is

A) they are all chronic illnesses.
B) they are all psychological in nature.
C) emotional dysfunction.
D) immune functioning.

Question 36

Which of the following is considered one of the short-terms risks of alcohol use?

A) Rare cases of life-threatening overdose
B) Drunk driving as the leading cause of death in young adults
C) Disapproval from family and friends
D) Non-violent crimes

Question 37

We cannot claim that stress causes illness because

A) the research is primarily anecdotal.
B) virtually all the research on stress and health is correlational.
C) the strength of the relationship is weak.
D) people cannot decide what is stressful.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT true about college drinking?

A) Students spend more on money for alcohol than the costs of their books.
B) Of 119 schools surveyed,81% of the students drank.
C) Thirty percent reported engaging in binge drinking to get drunk.
D) Forty percent of college students reported drinking five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting at least monthly.

Question 39

Which of the following is true of smokers who quite smoking?

A) About 70% of smokers successfully quit.
B) People who enroll in a formal smoking cessation program are much more successful than those who try to quit without professional help.
C) Success rates of those who quit using a nicotine substitute are slightly higher than a placebo.
D) Their health risks decline until they reach a normal level after about 5 years.

Question 40

In addition to stress,health is influenced by

A) exposure to infection and toxins.
B) daily habits and lifestyles.
C) genetics.
D) all of these.

Question 41

Since the 1980s,obesity in the United States has

A) decreased slightly.
B) remained about the same.
C) increased about 20%.
D) increased dramatically.

Question 42

Prior to 1997,the average length of survival for people after the onset of AIDS was

A) much longer than it is now.
B) unheard of.
C) 7-10 years.
D) about 18-24 months.

Question 43

Blair's doctor suggested she increase her exercise program moderately.Blair will notice a benefit of

A) improvement of her mood and self-esteem.
B) reductions in tension and anxiety.
C) increased work efficiency.
D) all of these.

Question 44

_____ is a disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus.

A) Antiviral immune disorder system
B) Acquired immune disease shots
C) Antiretroviral immune disease
D) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 45

If the criterion for obesity of 20% over ideal body weight is used,_____ % of men and _____ % of women in the United States qualify as obese.

A) 13;23
B) 25;29
C) 31;35
D) 55;63

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a correlation of exercise and greater longevity?

A) Enhanced cardiovascular fitness
B) Avoidance of obesity
C) Decreases in use of alcohol
D) Reduced risk for colon,and breast cancer

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a health risk associated with heavy drinking?

A) Bleeding and inflammation of the stomach and intestines
B) Decreased risk for heart disease
C) Birth defects
D) Damaged brain cells

Question 48

The HIV virus is transmitted through

A) airborne transmission.
B) the exchange of bodily fluids,primarily semen and blood.
C) physical contact of any kind,such as a sneeze or handshake.
D) homosexual or sharing drug needles exclusively.

Question 49

Frances is trying to gain weight and Philip is trying to lose weight.Both of them notice that they have a strong tendency to go back to their original weight.This suggests that they

A) have a genetic predisposition.
B) are not adequately exercising.
C) have a set point.
D) are both depressed and compulsive.

Question 50

Research on the BMI of adults raised by foster parents indicates that adoptees resemble their biological parent more than their adoptive parents.This supports the obesity factor of

A) obesity personality disorder.
B) set point.
C) excessive eating and inadequate exercise.
D) heredity through a genetic predisposition.

Question 51

If the criterion of body mass index is used to determine being overweight,_____ of American adults are struggling with weight problems.

A) almost two-thirds
B) about half
C) approximately 20 percent
D) all but a small number

Question 52

Obesity is

A) a personality problem.
B) determined by biological,social,and psychological factors.
C) because people are lazy and undisciplined in their eating.
D) caused by competition for food in the environment.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a sign of alcoholism?

A) Drinking at social gatherings
B) Gulping drinks
C) Personality or behavioral changes after drinking
D) Focusing social situations around alcohol

Question 54

Gary is devising an exercise program.Which of the following did his friend,Jack an exercise and health expert tell him?

A) Look for an enjoyable activity
B) Quickly increase his amount of activity
C) Forget about it because he is over 60.
D) Punish himself if he doesn't participate as planned.

Question 55

Recreational drug use is a common term for

A) socialization in the United States.
B) using drugs for pleasurable effects.
C) a judgmental,legal concern in the United States.
D) physical dependence.

Question 56

Marion needs to lose 20 pounds for her health.She will have the most success in the long run with the least health risks if she

A) has a gastric bypass or gastric band surgery.
B) decreases food intake and moderately steps up exercise.
C) sharply reduces food consumption.
D) sharply increases her exercise.

Question 57

Excessive drinking can produce

A) a healthier heart if it is red wine.
B) severe psychotic states,characterized by delirium,disorientation,and hallucinations.
C) a decrease in depression and uncomfortable feelings.
D) heightened awareness when driving.

Question 58

Eric wants to decrease his chance of developing AIDS.Which of the following would be good advice for him?

A) Limit the number of sexual partners he has.
B) Use condoms to control the exchange of semen.
C) Avoid anal sex with males or females.
D) All of these.

Question 59

Regular exercise is associated with

A) adequate regular exercise for 50% of American adults.
B) increased longevity with reasonably regular physical activity.
C) lower morality rates if you are a dedicated athlete.
D) adequate exercise for less than 15% of American adults.

Question 60

Alcohol dependence is a chronic,progressive disorder marked by

A) a growing compulsion and impaired control over drinking that eventually interferes with health and social behavior.
B) heavy consumption of alcohol.
C) a self-control problem due to disease.
D) all of these.

Question 61

Which of the following abused drugs is used for the desired effect to alter perception?

A) Narcotics
B) Sedatives
C) Stimulants
D) Cannabis

Question 62

Of the following drugs,which is most often used for pain relief?

A) Stimulants
B) Hallucinogens
C) Sedatives
D) Narcotics

Question 63

Marijuana has been linked to increased risk for injuries probably because of

A) depression.
B) riskier decisions when under the influence.
C) increased perception.
D) marked euphoria.

Question 64

Regarding psychological health,marijuana

A) has a positive effect.
B) can cause permanent problems with anxiety and depression.
C) may precipitate schizophrenia in those with a genetic vulnerability.
D) has long-term negative effects on cognitive functioning.

Question 65

Which of the following has a high risk of physical dependence,psychological dependence,and fatal overdose?

A) Stimulants
B) Opiates
C) Hallucinogens
D) Cannabis

Question 66

_____ is a progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug with continued use.

A) Tolerance
B) Drug abuse
C) Dependency
D) Withdrawal

Question 67

Whenever Michelle stops drinking coffee,she develops strong headaches.Her _____ is an indication that she is _____ dependent on the caffeine.

A) overdose;psychologically
B) overdose;physically
C) withdrawal symptom;physically
D) withdrawal symptom;psychologically

Question 68

Horatio has been eating and sleeping less with a deterioration in physical health that includes an increased risk of stroke and heart attack He may likely be using a

A) stimulant.
B) narcotic.
C) sedative.
D) cannabis derivative.

Question 69

Marijuana smokers have _____ chance for respiratory and pulmonary diseases and probably lung cancer.

A) a decreased
B) an equal
C) less
D) an increased

Question 70

Dan proudly tells his friends that he can drink more than they can.He challenges them to a drinking contest,unaware that the reason he can drink more is due to

A) an increased likelihood of psychological dependence.
B) an increased likelihood of physical dependence.
C) a buildup of tolerance.
D) all of these.

Question 71

Which of the following causes common side effects of increased blood pressure,muscle tension,and sweating,and may cause feelings of irritability and paranoia?

A) Stimulants
B) Narcotics
C) Hallucinogens
D) Cannabis

Question 72

Which of he following is a short-term side effect of hallucinogens?

A) Drowsiness and impaired coordination
B) Emotional swings and impaired judgment
C) Reduced memory and sluggish motor coordination
D) Impaired mental functioning and dejection

Question 73

Hallucinogens

A) have the potential to produce physical dependence.
B) can contribute to a variety of psychological disorders.
C) are more dangerous than popular stories in the press.
D) are safe for the fetus if taken by a pregnant woman.

Question 74

_____ users have an increased risk of accidental injuries because these drugs can have significant effects on motor coordination.

A) Stimulant
B) Sedative
C) Hallucinogen
D) Cannabis

Question 75

Which of the following has the highest risk of fatal overdose potential?

A) Stimulants
B) Narcotics
C) Hallucinogens
D) Cannabis

Question 76

Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system and behavioral activity are

A) Stimulants
B) Narcotics
C) Sedatives
D) Cannabis

Question 77

Marijuana has the potential problem of

A) overdose.
B) physical dependence.
C) reduced immune response.
D) psychological dependence.

Question 78

Oxycontin,Demerol,Vicodin,and codeine are types of

A) Stimulants
B) Narcotics
C) Hallucinogens
D) Cannabis

Question 79

Drugs that tend to increase central nervous system and behavioral activity are

A) Stimulants
B) Narcotics
C) Hallucinogens
D) Cannabis

Question 80

Cannabis tends to produce

A) awesome feelings of euphoria with a mystical sense of "oneness" with the human race.
B) an elated and energetic feeling with increased alertness.
C) impaired cognitive functioning and perceptual-motor coordination.
D) all of these.